What are the operating costs of airlines? How much is the initial investment?

I. Operating costs involved in flights: Specifically, there are many operating costs involved in each flight. I divide them into two parts: ① fixed cost: mainly including the following parts; ① Labor costs: mainly including the salaries and welfare expenses of pilots, flight attendants, maintenance personnel and other relevant personnel. ⑵ Aircraft depreciation: it mainly includes: amortization of aviation material consumption parts, amortization of high-priced turnover parts, depreciation of flight parts, and apportionment of major repairs of flight parts. As far as China civil aviation is concerned, this is the bulk of cost accounting in all civil aviation enterprises. (3) meals on board: meals on board; (4) Civil aviation infrastructure fund: the expenses stipulated by the state for civil aviation infrastructure; (5) Sales expenses: mainly refers to the commission obtained by the agent after contributing to the company's sales. [6] Financial expenses: Financial expenses mainly refer to the interest expenses incurred when the company carries out financial leasing with banks or companies. (7) Expenses of overseas institutions: the allocation of various expenses (including personnel salaries and equipment) of overseas institutions. ⑻ Management expenses: Management expenses cover a wide range, and all expenses related to ensuring the normal operation of the company can be included in this expense, including the salary, welfare and various equipment of the company's managers. (9) Take-off and landing service fee: the take-off and landing fee charged by the airport company when the plane takes off and lands at the airport; ⑽ Foreign flight agency fees and airline fees mainly refer to foreign flight agency fees and airline fees charged by control departments. ⑾ Other miscellaneous expenses, such as advertising fees; ② Variable cost: Variable cost mainly refers to the actual fuel consumption of the flight segment when the aircraft is flying. Because the actual fuel consumption of the flight segment is related to the specific total passenger and cargo weight (that is, the industrial load) on that day, it is also related to the weather and the performance degradation of the aircraft on that day, so it can be specifically calculated by sabre system of AOC, generally within 2-3 hours before takeoff. For flight operation: in a certain service period, the fixed costs of these projects can be fixed, and it is determined that the same flight segment will be carried out for a fixed aircraft. The aviation industry is profitable, but the competition is cruel, especially for private enterprises without ZF support. ......................................................................................................................................................