Most of the oil and gas resources in the continental shelf of Sakhalin Island are contained in the continental shelf with water depth 100 meters. The sea water on the continental shelf of Sakhalin Island is shallow, and the continental shelf area within 200 meters is about 6.5438+0.2 million square kilometers. The water depth between Sakhalin Bay in the northwest and amur river Delta is less than150m, the water depth in the northeast is 35km away from the shore, the water depth in Neski Bay in the middle of the east coast is 60km away from the shore, and the water depth in Aniwa Bay in the south is less than100m. The water depth of Tatar Bay in the west begins to decline from 200m. The continental shelf predicts that the oil and gas reserves are within 200m, 26% within 0 ~ 50m, 33% within 50 ~ 100m, and 4 1% within 100 ~ 200m.
Oil exploration adjacent to the Far East continental shelf began in the late 1950s. First, the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk and tatar strait were explored, and the first batch of seabed geological data were obtained. Since the mid-1970s, the party and government of the Soviet Union have tried to develop and utilize oil and gas resources in the Far East, increasing the scale of oil and gas resources exploration. The first exploration operation was carried out in the sea area of about 20,000 square kilometers on the continental shelf adjacent to sakhalin island, and the proven oil and natural gas reserves were 65.438+0.2 trillion tons and 654.38+0.2 trillion cubic meters respectively. Since 1974, the Soviet Union has used seismic wave detection method to explore oil and gas resources in the sea area extending 400,000 kilometers, focusing on the area where the offshore continental shelf of Sakhalin Island extends 2 1 10,000 kilometers. The important achievement of this exploration is the discovery of 17 mining areas with development prospects in Anadal Bay. Great progress has been made in offshore exploration from 1977 to 1992. Eight large oil and gas fields have been discovered on the continental shelf adjacent to the sea area of Sakhalin: Chawo, Iusco Ye, Pilitong-Astor Hesko Ye, Alku Tong-Daji, etc. Six of them are large oil and gas fields, which were later included in the oil and gas development project of Sakhalin Island 1 ~ 6.
By 2000, offshore exploration has covered all the marine continental shelf in this area. * * * 74 deep wells were drilled, of which, except for two in the seaside of Magadan, the rest were in the Sakhalin sea area. Sakhalin Island has 62 onshore oil and gas producing areas and 9 continental shelf oil and gas producing areas. Oil and gas resources on the continental shelf are mainly concentrated in the northeast of the continental shelf. See Table 3-4.
Table 3-4 Exploitation Reserves of Main Oil and Gas Resources on the Shelf of Sakhalin Island from 65438 to 0999
Source: бг. Saneyev. The premise and possible direction of Russia's energy cooperation in Asia and Northeast Asia. Prospects for Sino-Russian Regional Cooperation in the+0th Century (Proceedings of the International Conference on Sino-Russian Regional Cooperation and Development), 200 1:258.
At present, the Russian government is developing six oil and gas projects on the continental shelf of Sakhalin Island, namely Sakhalin Island 1 ~ 6.
(1) Sakhalin Island 1 Project (completed in 2000 ~ 2005). The development zone includes oil and gas fields of Odopdu, Chavo and Alku Tongdaji. According to the current exploration results, the recoverable reserves are 290 million tons of crude oil, 33 million tons of condensate oil and 425 billion cubic meters of natural gas. It is estimated that the annual output of crude oil at peak period will be 24,654.38+million tons, and the annual output of natural gas will be/kloc-0.97 billion cubic meters.
1June 1996, and the first phase of comprehensive exploration has been completed. Two Russian oil companies, a Japanese company (Sodeco) and an American company Exxon participated in the project. These four companies have formed an international investment group, with Russia accounting for 40% of the shares (Sakhalin Offshore Oil and Gas Company (Russia) accounting for 23% and Rosneft accounting for 17%), the United States and Japan each accounting for 30%, and the investment of * * * is $654,380+05 billion. Due to the inability of two Russian companies in the consortium to undertake investment responsibilities, the project was temporarily suspended. In order to promote the progress of the project, two Russian companies had to reluctantly sell their shares in exchange for loans and solve investment difficulties. In February, 2000 1, India's ONGC company signed an agreement with a Russian company to purchase 20% of the shares of Sakhalin1project, which originally belonged to a Russian company. To this end, it must pay $2 billion to pay for the project investment of Russian companies. Russian companies repay India's advance payment at LIBOR plus 3%. At present, the parties and their shares in Sakhalin/KOOC-0/Engineering Consortium are: Exxon (USA) accounts for 30%, Sodeco (Japan) accounts for 30%, ONGC (India) accounts for 20%, Sakhalin Offshore Oil and Gas Company (Russia) accounts for/KOOC-0/.5%, and Rosneft accounts for 8.5%.
The infrastructure investment of this project is $654.38+027 billion. The production period of oil and gas fields is expected to be 33 years, and the profit margin of investment group is expected to be 16%. In addition to paying the rent according to the lease agreement, the investment group must also hand over 15% of the products to the finance of the Russian Federation and Sakhalin State according to the product division agreement. The planned income of this scheme is $654.38+06.5 billion, and the net profit can reach $42 billion. In 2002, the investment of Sakhalin Island 1 project was 700 million dollars.
In June 2005, Sakhalin Island Project 1 began to produce oil.
(2) Sakhalin Island No.2 Project (completed from 20 10 to 20 15). The development zone includes the whole Iusco Ye oil and gas field and Pilitong-Astor Hesko Ye oil and gas field. Recoverable oil is 96 million tons, natural gas condensate is 37 million tons and natural gas is 460 billion cubic meters.
The scheme is implemented by an investment group composed of five foreign companies, of which two Japanese companies (Mitsubishi and Mitsui) hold 30%, two American companies (Mike demont and Marathon) hold 50%, and Royal Dutch Company, a joint venture between Britain and the Netherlands, holds 20%. The total investment is $654.38+00 billion. The scheme was implemented in June 1996. 70% of the contracted works of Sakhalin II Project were completed by Russian companies. Large Russian enterprises should also participate in oil deep processing. The plan can bring in a net profit of $25 billion. According to the investment plan, except the rent, 65,438+00% of the products will be paid to the Russian Federation and Sakhalin Island, and the remaining 90% of the products will be distributed among investors in proportion.
Sakhalin Island No.2 Project produced oil on schedule at 1999. In 2000, 0/2 oil wells were produced, with a daily output of 90,000 barrels, about12,300 tons. Most of the crude oil produced by 1999 was resold from Japan to South Korea, except that 10% of the products were paid to the Russian Federation and Sakhalin. The Sakhalin 2 project in 200 1 year produced 2 million tons of oil and 5 million tons in 2003.
Sakhalin Island No.2 project has also formed a production scale. Including an oil field (65.438+400 million tons), a gas field (408 billion cubic meters) and a purification plant with an annual output of 9.6 million tons of liquefied natural gas, the operator is Shell Oil Company. In recent years, the project has produced benefits and exported a certain amount of oil and gas to Japan.
(3) Sakhalin Island No.3 Project. The development area of Sakhalin III project is located on the continental shelf of East Odopoudu Sea, including three oil and gas fields in East Odopoudu, Ayasheng and Kilingsk, with a total area of 20,400 square kilometers. The estimated reserves of oil and natural gas are 654.38+0.37 billion tons and 654.38+0.45 billion cubic meters respectively. According to geological exploration data, the oil reserves in this sea area are as high as 450 million tons and the natural gas is 720 billion cubic meters.
Sakhalin No.3 Project * * * invested about 24 billion US dollars. Russia holds 33.3% of the shares and the United States holds 66.7%. At present, three American companies (Exxon, Mobil and Texaco) have signed concession contracts with Russia to develop three oil and gas fields, but the actual development has not yet started. Among them, Mobil and Texaco have a development license for a block, with a project investment of 7 billion to 1 1 billion US dollars; Exxon has two block development licenses, with an estimated investment of $654.38+03 billion. Before the commercial operation of oil and gas fields, all the investment of the project was undertaken by American companies.
On July 1, 2005, China Petrochemical and China Petroleum signed Protocol 1 and a long-term cooperation agreement with Rosneft respectively. In Protocol 1, Sinopec and Rosneft agreed to jointly establish an oil company to be responsible for oil and gas exploration and development in Sakhalin No.3 area. In the new joint venture company, the equity ratio between China and Russia is tentatively set at 30: 70, and new investors will be introduced in the future, but the 30% equity ratio of China will not change. According to the plan, the new company will dig the first exploratory well in 2006. After the production scale is formed, China will make profits in the form of "sharing oil". Weining oil and gas block, which has been preliminarily explored by China and Russia, is located in the east of Sakhalin Island. The expected reserves of this block are1.1.400 million tons of oil and 31.500 million cubic meters of natural gas.
(4) Sakhalin Island No.4 Project. Sakhalin No.4 project includes Uzloye, Astraha Novka oil and gas area, Necrasov Card and Kerundu Bay oil and gas fields. The oil evaluation and potential reserves in this sea area are 6.5438+0.05 million tons and 6.5438+0.65438+0.5 million tons respectively, while the natural gas is 440 billion cubic meters and 450 billion cubic meters respectively. Rosneft, Sakhalin Offshore Oil and Gas Company and American Arco Company formed a consortium to undertake the project, and the shares of the three companies were 25.5%, 25.5% and 49% respectively. American Arco Company participated in the exploration and development of a block of Sakhalin Island No.4 project, with a project amount of 2.6 billion US dollars. The project is still in the exploration stage, and the preliminary exploration costs are all borne by Arco.
(5) Sakhalin No.5 Project. Sakhalin 5 project includes oil and gas fields in Oha, Ehhabi and East Ehhabi. The project predicts that the recoverable reserves of crude oil will be 600 million tons, and the natural gas will be 600 billion cubic meters, and industrial exploitation will be officially carried out at 20 10. Rosneft, Sakhalin Offshore Oil and Gas Company and British BP Company formed a consortium to undertake the project, and the shares of the three companies were 25.5%, 25.5% and 49% respectively. BP Company undertakes all exploration expenses. The maximum annual output of this project is 35.5 million tons of oil and 34.2 billion cubic meters of natural gas.
(6) Sakhalin Island No.6 Project. Sakhalin Island No.6 project includes Okruzhinoye oil and gas area, with prospective oil and gas reserves of 65.438+0.50 billion tons and 200 billion cubic meters respectively.