Sina Design Co., Ltd. has rich experience in customized design according to different customer requirements and project positioning in the design process of more than 20 years. Bian Xiao found Xugong, who is quite qualified in this field, and shared the key points that need to be understood and paid attention to in the design process.
First, the design basis of the garage
1, parking standard
According to national and local regulations, determine the design standards such as parking space conversion coefficient, parking space size, lane size and driving sight. Conversion factor The national standard stipulates that the conversion factor for small parking spaces is 1 and that for mini-cars is 0.7.
The minimum size of national standard vertical parking is 5.3m(5. 1m)x2.4m, the size of mini-car is 4.8m(4.6m)x2.2m, and the size of parking space with one side facing the wall is increased by 0.3m (the number in brackets refers to the size of parking space without one side facing the wall).
2. Parking space ratio
Different project types and project locations have different requirements for the allocation and construction of parking spaces, so it is a key step to study local standards and calculate the exact total number of parking spaces before the design begins.
3. Garage entrance and exit
Because the number of garage entrances and exits is stipulated as the minimum requirement in the garage specification, when the project is large (the number of parking spaces is large or oversized), it is necessary to consult the competent department to prepare a traffic assessment report and take measures to ensure that the development and construction of large-scale projects will not lead to the decline of the traffic service level around the project.
4, civil air defense standards
During the design, the outline range of the basement should be arranged reasonably according to the calculation requirements to avoid the interval of the largest civil defense area.
In the same civil air defense area, the parking efficiency of the material warehouse is greater than that of the personnel shelter function area, so the proportion of personnel shelter should be reduced as much as possible when negotiating with the Defense Office, and the general ratio is 4 (material warehouse): 6 (personnel shelter), so as to strive for a lower chemical protection level and resistance requirements.
5. Riding indicator
Bicycle index (area of each parking space) = total building of underground garage/number of underground parking spaces.
Total construction area of underground garage = garage area+tower projection area+computer room area
Remarks: Houses designed under special circumstances, such as garbage house, sewage treatment station, heat exchange station, non-motor vehicle garage, and property management house specified by the government, may not be included in the garage area.
Reference standard:
In the design, we should not stop optimizing just because we meet the index requirements, and strive to gradually optimize the lane width, entrance lobby layout, equipment room position and tube well position under the same parking space, so as to achieve the best effect in garage design.
Second, the garage form and scale
1, form of garage
According to the construction mode, the garage is divided into independent type and attached type; According to the parking form, it can be divided into automatic garage and compound garage, and compound garage is commonly used in underground garage.
The disadvantages of independent garage are small construction scope, less total parking, extra backfilling for tower foundation excavation, increased basement external wall area and poor household comfort. The advantages are controllable garage space, less invalid space, high parking rate and relatively simple structure.
The disadvantages of the attached garage are that the tower is irregular, there are many invalid spaces, the distance between buildings may not reach the double-row parking module, and the parking efficiency is low; The height of the basement below the tower far exceeds the clear height requirement of the basement. If there is no practical use value, it will lead to the ineffective use of the room. The advantages are that the basement can be built in a relatively large range, the total number of parking is large, and the comfort of entering the house is good; The outline of the basement is long, and the area of the basement exterior wall is small.
2. The size of the garage
Third, the garage layout points
1, column net form
The forms of column net are generally divided into three types: large column net, large column net and small column net. The theoretical dimensions of the column net are as follows: (The parking space length in the following figure is considered as 5.3m against the wall, for example, the parking space adjacent to the car is 5. 1m).
Large column network: the column section is 550x550, the theoretical size of column network is 7800x7850, and the recommended size is 8 100x8 100.
Large and small column network: the column section is 500x500, the theoretical size of column network is 7750x4825+6050, and the recommended size is 800x5100+6100.
Small column net: the column section is 400x400, the theoretical size of column net is 5200x4900+5900, and the recommended size is 5500x5200+6000.
Generally speaking, the bicycle area of the above three column nets is not much different, and the parking efficiency can be considered to be the same. From the cost point of view, the cost of small column network is the lowest, followed by large column network, and the cost of large column network is the highest. However, the parking space of large column net is flexible and the overall quality is the best. Therefore, when selecting the column grid, we can choose the appropriate column grid form according to the different positioning of the project.
Comparison of three kinds of column grids;
2. Key points of parking space layout
1) Parking spaces should be arranged on both sides of the driveway as far as possible, and the driveway should be arranged along the long side, and the parking spaces should be arranged vertically along the long side to reduce the occupied area of the driveway.
2) For places that are not suitable for setting standard parking spaces, try to arrange mini-car parking spaces and auxiliary car parking spaces. General mini-car parking spaces can be converted into 0.7 standard parking spaces, and sub-parking spaces are generally not included in the parking space index, but they can be sold as property parking spaces premium 1.5 times. However, it should be noted that there should not be too many parking spaces for mini-cars and sub-cars, and the total number of underground parking spaces should not exceed 10% specified in the specification.
3) Parking spaces should not be arranged parallel to the wall as far as possible, and the driveway should go against the wall. Lane width should be controlled at 5.5 meters.
4) The computer room should not be arranged on both sides of the driveway as far as possible. If parking spaces cannot be arranged, it should be arranged under the tower, because both sides of the driveway are the best places to arrange parking spaces.
5) The shear wall below the tower has a hole of 2.4m, which can be arranged as a parking garage, and the position where the depth of the tower has a margin is arranged as an auxiliary parking garage as far as possible. Garage can have a premium of 1.5 times, and sub-garages can have a premium of 2.5 times.
6) The general layout has a great influence on the lane layout between basements, and the distance between towers should be as close as possible to 2 1.8m, 38. 1m, 54.4m.......................................................................................................
3. Design points of on-ramp
1) First, determine the number and width of ramp exits. It should be noted that residential buildings and non-residential buildings have the same number of entrances and lanes below 99 parking spaces, the same number of entrances and exits, and the different number of lanes.
2) The ramp width is considered as the minimum clear width of 5.5m According to Article 4.2.4 of the Garage Code, the width of vehicle entrances and exits is 7m in both directions and 4m in one direction, indicating that the width of entrances and exits is not the minimum clear width of ramps.
3) Select the length of the slope. When the slope is > 10%, the starting point and ending point of the ramp are set as a straight gentle slope section of 3.6m or a curved gentle slope section with a radius of 20m and 2.4m When the height of the basement from the outdoor ground to the basement surface is 5.3m, the length of the straight ramp is generally 38.5m If the height decreases by 0. 15m, the length decreases by 1m, in which the ramp
4) Schematic diagram of slope, turning radius and ramp length. Please note that the curved ramp is selected according to the centerline length (red dotted line) of the inner lane.
4, the basement main equipment room
1) The main equipment rooms in the basement include power distribution station, water pump room and pool (including fire fighting and living), air intake and exhaust room, diesel generator room (not considered when there are two power supply lines), boiler room, heat exchange station, etc. If the green building requires rainwater collection, there is also a rainwater collection room. Among them, the substation and pump house are arranged by the external wall, and the air intake and exhaust room is arranged by the gable of the tower. The machine room is located below the tower. It should be noted that the noise of the water pump room has an impact on the residents on the first floor, and the room with water above has an impact on the electrical room below.
General setup requirements of computer room
Substation: total construction area (≥ 200m2), including multi-storey residence 1 building with a total area of 50,000-60,000 m2 and high-rise residence 1 building with a total area of 70,000-90,000 m2. Generally two spans are reserved.
Pump house: The total construction area is generally about 400㎡, including 220㎡ fire pool and 80㎡ fire pump house. The living pump house contains 120㎡ living water tank with a clear height of more than 3m. The pump room is arranged near the pool. Note that the fire pump room must be evacuated by independent stairs.
Diesel generator room: 100㎡, with a clear height of 4m, and chimneys need to be reserved.
Air intake and exhaust room: one air intake and exhaust room is reserved every 2000m2, with an area of 20m2. The tube wells in the machine room are arranged by the gables of towers, stairwells and other buildings, and should not be arranged independently as far as possible. The independently arranged tube wells will have a great impact on the landscape.
Boiler room: 100~ 150㎡, with a clear height of 5m, avoiding crowded parts and requiring explosion-proof doors.
Heat exchange station: 60~ 100㎡, located near the boiler room.
Fourth, the vertical design of the garage
According to experience, every increase in garage height 100MM will increase the comprehensive cost of basement 18 yuan/m2.
1, which determines the composition of the basement height (from top to bottom):
1) Indoor and outdoor height difference: 0. 15m~0.45m, set according to the requirements of different households.
2) Covering soil: 1.0m~ 1.5m, and the depth of covering soil is determined according to Code for Calculation of Outdoor Pipeline Layout and Greening Area.
3) Structural beam: 0.8m~ 1.0m, and the beam height is determined according to the column grid size, soil covering depth and ground load (landscape pool, fire lane, swimming pool, etc.). ).
4) Equipment piping: 0.6m high, including HVAC exhaust piping, water supply and drainage spray pipes and electrical bridge.
5) Clear height of garage: The specification requires that the garage area and parking area should not be less than 2.2m
6) Surface course: When there is no defense or drainage ditch, the thickness of surface course is required to be no less than 0.05m.. In case of air defense, the thickness of the surface layer should be no less than 0. 15m to ensure the buried depth of the air defense door.
Second floor basement
First floor basement
Second, the vertical design considerations
1) The basement roof can be used for structural slope finding, which can save slope finding layer, reduce dead weight and save cost. When the vertical height difference between the field and the ground is large, the roof and the ground should be combined with the vertical direction to find the slope in the same direction.
2) The main air duct should be arranged as close as possible to the parking area, the cable tray and the main sprinkler should be arranged in parallel with the air duct, and the intersection of various pipelines should not be located in the main driveway. The width of the air duct should be controlled within 1.2m as far as possible, so that there is no spray under the air duct.
3) The surface layer thickness of the non-human defense zone is 0.05m, because the buried depth of the civil defense door is 0. 15m~0. 18m, and the surface layer thickness of 0. 15m is reserved for human defense zone without interrupting the floor reinforcement.
4) For non-high-end projects, choose the layout of small column network, and the beam height can be controlled at 0.7m.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract
A good garage design, at the beginning of the design, should do a good job of preparatory work, clear project positioning, collect the corresponding standard conditions. In the medium term, choose reasonable buried depth, column network, number of floors, outline and parking mode, and do a good job in cost control. Increase private parking spaces and sub-parking spaces at appropriate locations to increase premium space. In the later stage, we will control the reasonable layout of parking spaces, the orientation of garages, the entrance of houses and other details in the specific design to improve the comfort and cooperate with the owners to do a good job in quality control.
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