With the development of construction economy, the development of a large number of land resources has caused a waste of resources and energy, which has adversely affected the environment. At the same time, the housing security system for low-income residents in China has developed rapidly in recent years. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the principles and design methods that should be followed in the green building design of affordable housing under the background of China's vigorous development of affordable housing and green buildings. Taking the actual project as an example, this paper introduces the application of green building design method in the actual affordable building project.
1 Introduction
Definition of green building: a building that saves resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protects the environment and reduces pollution, provides people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and lives in harmony with nature. Green building is conducive to reducing energy consumption, saving the use of land resources and water resources, reducing environmental pollution caused by buildings, and is of great significance for people to live in harmony with nature, improving urban environmental quality and promoting the construction of ecologically livable cities. Under the background of the vigorous development of affordable housing and green building, combining the two designs will make affordable housing follow the design method of green building: green design of affordable housing according to the design concept and method of green building will make affordable housing become green affordable housing, which will improve the land-saving, energy-saving, water-saving, material-saving, indoor environment, operation management and other aspects of a large number of newly-built affordable housing, which will be conducive to protecting the environment and saving resources and gain social recognition. Building affordable housing that meets the requirements of green buildings is becoming a development trend.
2 Project overview
Social security housing is a special kind of housing in urban housing construction in China, which is of great significance for improving people's livelihood and promoting social harmony and stability. The plot project of Huacao 206D-0 1 in Minhang District, Shanghai is a resettlement housing project developed by Shanghai Jiuyun Real Estate Co., Ltd. The base is located in Huacao Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, with Minbei East Road in the north and Lisa Port in the east. It is planned to afforest along the river10m, with Fanxing Road in the west and Ji Le Road in the south. The red line and base boundary line of the new building in the base retreating from the surrounding roads are 5.0m in the south, 5.0m in the north and 5.0m in the west, 3m in the east, the blue line of the retreating moat 10.0m, and the width of Lishagang River is 30.0m.. The planned land area of this project is 45 100.7 square meters, and the total construction area is 158366.08 square meters, of which the aboveground construction area is15902.24 square meters and the underground construction area is 42463.84 square meters. Among them, the residential building area is 1302.37 square meters, and the supporting area of public buildings is 25438+0 square meters. Above ground18th floor, underground floor, building height 50.7m.. There are 1 1 high-rise residential buildings in this project, all of which are prefabricated buildings.
3 green building design related technology application
3. 1 Building shape and spatial layout
This project is dominated by high-rise residential buildings, with a plot ratio of 1.80, a per capita residential land area of 1 1.05%, a building density of 22.00%, a ratio of underground building area to aboveground building area of Rr=37%, and a high land utilization rate. The greening design of residential area is guided by ecology, health care and beauty, and embodies the design principle of "people-oriented". The green area of the residential base is 35%, the concentrated green area is 10%, and the per capita public green area is 3.87 m2/ person. Community greening is an important part of modern urban construction, which can not only improve the ecological environment and improve the environmental quality, but also beautify the community environment, vacuum and reduce noise. Using the reasonable collocation design of lawn, shrub and tree, a vertical three-dimensional greening form is formed to weaken the thermal effect of solar radiation on buildings in summer. Choose plants that adapt to Shanghai's climate and soil conditions for community greening to increase the adaptability of plants; Plant selection has strong vitality, strong ability to resist pests and diseases, and reduces maintenance costs. The plane of the building is a simple rectangle, and the simplicity of modeling controls the shape coefficient of the building and reduces the waste of materials by decorative components. According to the characteristics that the dominant wind direction in Shanghai in summer is southeast wind, the residential orientation is basically designed as north-south direction, and it is distributed by combining points, lines and planes to ensure that the living space of more than two households in each residential building faces south. Reasonable orientation design enables the building to obtain a lot of energy from sunlight. Room design The living room and dining room are designed separately, and the hall runs through the north and south. Each room ensures sufficient window-to-floor ratio to meet good sunshine and natural ventilation. Room design fully considers the organization of indoor air flow, increases the adjustment of natural ventilation to indoor environment, reduces energy consumption and improves indoor air quality. The facade of the building is simple in shape and less concave and convex, which reduces the shape coefficient of the building and is conducive to building energy conservation.
3.2 Application of energy-saving technology
The construction industry is a big energy consumer, and about 30% of the world's energy consumption is in the construction industry. And it is increasing year by year. At present, the energy-saving measures of architectural design in China mainly include: the outer envelope system, the utilization of renewable energy, the utilization of solar energy, the indoor environment control system with low energy consumption, and the resource recycling system. The performance of building envelope is the basis of building energy saving, so the focus of energy saving design is the design of building envelope, and the thermal performance of building envelope determines the energy consumption of the whole building. It is the key of building energy saving to adopt the external wall, external doors and windows and roof insulation system with excellent performance and reasonable structure. The external wall of this project is made of thermal insulation material, 40-thick extruded composite board and coating finish, and the average heat transfer coefficient of the external wall is 0.85(W/m2? K) The exterior doors and windows of the building are made of double-cavity plastic profiles (5Low-e+ 12A+5) glass doors and windows, and the heat transfer coefficient K=2.2(W/m2? K) 35 thick extruded polystyrene foam is used for roof external insulation, and the heat transfer coefficient K=0.76(W/m2? K). Split air conditioners can be used to open windows and ventilate at any time. The annual power consumption of heating and air conditioning of all new buildings in this project is less than that of reference buildings, which meets the requirements of building energy-saving design. Building shading adopts self-shading and movable shading system of building components. The comprehensive shading coefficient is 0.30. At the same time, the balcony of this project is closed with glass windows, which effectively reduces the indoor energy loss and makes the facade more unified and beautiful. The wall is made of aerated concrete blocks, which can be used as the load-bearing structure of buildings, with high seismic performance, simple construction and low cost.
3.3 Energy-saving design of resource circulation system
Shanghai has a subtropical monsoon climate with abundant sunshine and rainfall. Roof rainwater recovery system is set in this project. Roof rainwater is collected, initially discarded and stored, and then precipitated, filtered and disinfected as needed, which is used as landscape water for ground washing, road washing, greening sprinkling and parking garage in this community. For surface rainwater, increase the natural infiltration of rainwater, and carry out natural infiltration recharge of rainwater through measures such as green space, permeable paved roads and square bricks. Greening sprinkler adopts high-efficiency water-saving irrigation methods such as sprinkler irrigation, selects irrigation equipment with low energy consumption, and carries out greening sprinkler in blocks and districts. Each residential unit is equipped with a high-sensitivity metering water meter in the public part; Water meters shall be set up for watering, greening and other water parts respectively. Outdoor activity venues should be paved with permeable paving materials, and the permeable paving area should not be less than 50% of the hard paving area.
3.4 Building Greening Design
This project adopts various greening measures to create a suitable living environment. The landscape plants in the community are mainly planted with big trees, and green scaffolding is set up to provide shading for squares, sidewalks, courtyards, playgrounds and parking lots. The selection of greening varieties should consider plant color, flowering and fruiting period and time sequence, evergreen trees, deciduous trees, shrubs, trees and so on. A large number of green plants have effectively improved the suitable living environment.
3.5 Integrated design of civil engineering and decoration engineering
This project adopts the integrated design of civil engineering and decoration engineering, which is a brand-new design concept. The integrated design of civil engineering and decoration engineering greatly reduces the waste of materials and secondary environmental pollution caused by secondary decoration, and can achieve the sustainable development goal of high resource utilization rate, low environmental load, high technology content and benign ecological cycle. Create conditions for architectural design innovation. The longitudinal reinforcement of beams and columns, the distribution reinforcement of shear walls, the stress reinforcement of floor and roof panels and the stress reinforcement of foundation are all planned to adopt HRB400 grade reinforcement. The architectural design adopts simple style, without a large number of decorative components with no practical function; 3.6 Indoor green technology gives priority to high-efficiency light sources without glare, such as T5 and T8 straight fluorescent lamps, rare earth (tricolor) energy-saving fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, LED lamps, etc. Give priority to lamps with high efficiency and high light flux utilization coefficient; When gas discharge lamps are selected, capacitance compensation devices should be used to make the power factor ≥0.9, so as to reduce reactive power loss and save energy. The equivalent continuous A sound level in the bedroom during the day should not be greater than 45dB；; The equivalent continuous A sound level in the sleep weight at night should not be greater than 37dB；; The equivalent continuous A sound level of the living room (hall) should not be greater than 45dB；; The first row of residential buildings on Fanxing Road and Beiqing Highway should be equipped with sound insulation windows with sound insulation capacity of not less than 25dB(A).
4 conclusion
At present, with the development of economy, the construction industry has also made vigorous development. The application of green building concept in the construction industry is of epoch-making significance, which can reduce the waste of resources, improve the utilization rate of resources, reduce the destruction of nature by construction activities, help improve people's quality of life and promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of the principles of green building design of affordable housing. Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.
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