First, we should provide internal and external information for analysis. The most important internal information is the financial accounting report of the enterprise, which is a written document reflecting the financial status and operating results of the enterprise, including the main accounting statements (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement), schedules, notes to accounting statements, etc. External information is information obtained from outside the enterprise, including industry data and data of other competitors.
Second, according to the financial report: according to the purpose of analysis, it is divided into: financial benefit analysis, asset operation analysis, solvency analysis and development ability analysis; According to different analysis objects, it can be divided into balance sheet analysis, income statement analysis and cash flow statement analysis.
(A) content analysis according to the purpose of analysis
1, wealth management income. That is, the profitability of enterprise assets. Asset profitability is an important issue that users of accounting information care about. The analysis of asset profitability provides decision-making basis for investors, creditors and enterprise managers. The analysis indicators mainly include: return on net assets, capital preservation and appreciation rate, profit rate of main business, multiple of surplus cash guarantee, profit rate of cost and expense, etc.
2. Operating conditions of assets. Refers to the turnover rate of enterprise assets, reflecting the utilization efficiency of economic resources occupied by enterprises. The main indicators are: total assets turnover rate, current assets turnover rate, inventory turnover rate, accounts receivable turnover rate, non-performing assets rate and so on.
3. solvency. The ability of an enterprise to repay short-term debt and long-term debt is an important embodiment of its economic strength and financial situation, and it is also an important measure to measure whether an enterprise operates steadily and the financial risk. The main indicators of analysis are: asset-liability ratio, interest earning multiple, cash flow debt ratio, quick ratio and so on.
4. Develop capabilities. The development ability is related to the sustainable survival of enterprises, as well as the future income of investors and the risk of creditors' long-term claims. The indicators for analyzing the development ability of enterprises are: sales growth rate, capital accumulation rate, three-year average capital growth rate, three-year average sales growth rate, technology investment ratio and so on.
(2) According to the different analysis objects.
1, balance sheet analysis. Mainly from the asset project, debt structure, owner's equity structure and other aspects of analysis. The main analysis items of assets include: cash ratio, accounts receivable ratio, inventory ratio, intangible assets ratio, etc. Debt structure analysis includes: short-term solvency analysis, long-term solvency analysis and so on. The owner's equity structure is an analysis: the proportion of each kind of equity to the total owner's equity indicates the preservation and appreciation of the capital invested by investors and the composition of owner's equity.
2. Analysis of income statement. Mainly from the profitability, operating performance and other aspects of analysis. Main analysis indicators: return on net assets, return on total assets, profit rate of main business, profit rate of cost and expense, sales growth rate, etc.
3. Analysis of cash flow statement. Mainly from the cash payment ability, capital expenditure and investment ratio, cash flow income ratio and other aspects of analysis. The analysis indicators mainly include: cash ratio, current debt cash ratio, debt cash ratio, dividend cash ratio, capital purchase ratio, sales cash ratio, etc.
Question 2: Briefly talk about the operation and capital of the company.
Question 3: How to write cash flow analysis? Cash flow analysis, net cash flow refers to the difference between cash inflow and cash outflow. Net cash flow may be positive or negative. If it is positive, it is a net inflow; If it is negative, it is a net outflow. Net cash flow reflects the final result of cash flow formed by various activities of enterprises, that is, whether cash inflow is greater than cash outflow or cash outflow is greater than cash inflow in a certain period of time. Net cash flow is an important indicator to be reflected in the cash flow statement.
Cash flow analysis
Cash flow example
Cash liquidity analysis mainly examines the relationship between cash flow and debt generated by business activities of enterprises, and the main indicators include:
1. Ratio of cash flow to current debt
The ratio of cash flow to current debt refers to the value of cash flow generated by annual business activities compared with current debt, indicating the satisfaction of cash flow to current debt repayment. Its calculation formula is:
The ratio of cash flow to current liabilities = net cash flow from operating activities/current liabilities × 100%.
This ratio is related to the current ratio reflecting the short-term solvency of enterprises. The higher the index value, the stronger the guarantee of cash inflow to the current debt settlement, indicating that the liquidity of the enterprise is better; On the contrary, it shows that the liquidity of enterprises is poor.
2. Debt guarantee rate
The debt guarantee rate is the comparison between the net cash flow generated by annual operating activities and the total debt, which indicates the satisfaction degree of the enterprise's cash flow to all debts. Its calculation formula is:
Debt guarantee rate = net cash flow from operating activities/(current liabilities+long-term liabilities) × 100%.
The higher the ratio of cash flow to total debt, the better. It is also an indicator of cash flow analysis that creditors pay attention to. The main indicators of cash acquisition ability analysis are: monthly net inflow of sales cash, cash flow per share and cash recovery rate of all assets.
1. Net inflow of sales cash per yuan
Net cash inflow per unit of sales refers to the ratio of net cash inflow to sales inflow of main business, which reflects the ability of enterprises to obtain cash through sales.
Net inflow of sales cash per yuan = net cash flow from operating activities/income from main business.
2. Operating cash flow per share
Operating cash flow per share reflects the average cash flow per common share issued, or reflects the cash inflow per common share of the company. Its calculation formula is:
Cash flow structure chart
Operating cash flow per share = (net cash flow from operating activities-preferred stock dividend)/number of issued ordinary shares × 100%.
The essence of this indicator is cash flow as the guarantee of earnings per share, so the higher the operating cash flow indicator per share, the more willing shareholders are to accept it.
3. Cash recovery rate of all assets
The cash recovery rate of all assets refers to the ratio of net operating cash inflow to all assets, which reflects the ability of enterprises to obtain cash by using all assets.
Cash recovery rate of all assets = net cash flow from operating activities/analysis of financial flexibility of all assets The so-called financial flexibility refers to the suitability between cash generated by the enterprise itself and cash demand. Financial ratios reflecting financial flexibility mainly include cash flow suitability rate, cash investment satisfaction rate and cash dividend guarantee multiple.
1. Appropriate cash flow ratio
The appropriate ratio of cash flow refers to the ratio of net cash inflow from operating activities to capital expenditure, inventory purchase and cash dividend payment, which reflects the degree to which cash from operating activities meets the main cash demand. Its calculation formula is:
Appropriate proportion of cash flow = net cash flow generated by operating activities in a certain period/(capital expenditure+net inventory investment+cash dividend in the same period) × 100%.
2. Cash reinvestment ratio
The cash reinvestment rate refers to the ratio of net operating cash flow minus dividends and interest expenses to the total investment of an enterprise. Total investment refers to the total fixed assets, foreign investment, other long-term assets and liquidity. This ratio reflects how much cash is left in the company and invested in the company's asset renewal and enterprise development.
Cash reinvestment rate = net cash flow from operating activities/(original value of fixed assets+foreign investment+other assets+liquidity)
Industries where the cash reinvestment ratio is more important. Generally speaking, it should be between 7- 1 1%, which varies from industry to industry. There are differences in different years of the same enterprise. The year of rapid expansion is low, and the year of steady development is high.
3. Guaranteed multiple of cash dividend
The guaranteed multiple of cash dividend refers to the net cash flow generated by operating activities and the cash dividend paid. & gt
Question 4: Hello, I want to ask about the production equipment, production capacity, employees and capital flow in the capacity report of production-oriented export enterprises, and I need 20 points.
State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China:
According to the Measures for Classified Management of Export Tax Refund (Exemption) Enterprises, the production capacity of this enterprise (enterprise name:, taxpayer identification number/unified social credit code:, customs enterprise code:) is reported as follows:
I. Operating production sites
……
Second, the production equipment
……
Third, production capacity.
……
Fourth, personnel situation.
……
Verb (abbreviation for verb) capital flow
……
List of supporting materials attached to intransitive verbs
……
Our company promises that the contents of the above report are true and reliable, and is willing to bear the relevant responsibilities arising therefrom.
Legal representative: (signature) (official seal of the enterprise)
date month year
The export enterprises that meet the evaluation criteria of Class I enterprises shall submit the Production Capacity Report of Production-oriented Export Enterprises (to be filled in by the production enterprises), the Report on the Construction of Internal Risk Control System of Export Tax Refund (Exemption) Enterprises and the Report Form on the Relevant Situation in the Evaluation of Class I Enterprises to the competent tax authorities in the month when the evaluation results of the enterprise's tax credit rating are determined (see Annex).
In this evaluation, the export enterprises that meet the evaluation criteria of Class I enterprises should submit the above information before September 23, 2065438+2006, and the competent tax authorities should complete the evaluation of Class I enterprises before the end of September.
In other words, you should pay attention when filling in the information.
According to the original method, no matter what kind of enterprise is evaluated, the enterprise does not need to fill in any evaluation data. The new method stipulates that an enterprise applying for assessment as a Class I enterprise shall submit the Report on the Construction of Internal Risk Control System of Export Tax Refund (Exemption) Enterprises to the competent tax authorities in the month when the tax credit rating results are determined.
At the same time, a class of production enterprises also need to fill in the production capacity report of production-oriented export enterprises. The production capacity report is also in a fixed format. The contents of the report are divided into five aspects: business premises, production equipment, production capacity, employees and capital flow, and relevant certification materials must be attached. In fact, enterprises are required to prove that their production capacity matches the scale of export tax refund (exemption) declared in the previous year.
Question 5: How to treat a company's financial situation and cash flow? There are three kinds of financial statements: balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
1, balance sheet: the main content depends on how much inventory reflects your inventory products; See how much accounts receivable reflect your creditor's rights; Look at monetary funds and reflect the balance of existing funds; See how much debt accounts payable reflect.
2. The main content of the income statement is that the main business income reflects the sales quality in a certain period; Look at the main business cost to reflect the cost level in a certain period; Problems existing in management viewed from management expenses.
3. Cash flow statement: mainly records the cash flow of enterprises in activities such as selling goods, providing labor services, purchasing goods, accepting labor services, paying taxes, etc. It also reflects the cash receipts and payments of its main business.
The profit on the income statement can be changed by increasing or decreasing depreciation or temporarily not recording bad debts, but it is not so easy to modify the profit and working capital items at the same time. Before the company declared bankruptcy, it was not uncommon for the net profit to be positive for many years. However, the company's operating cash flow always began to deteriorate a few years before bankruptcy. If we pay close attention to the company's operating cash flow, we can predict the company's risks.
Therefore, if you want to analyze a company's financial situation and feel that time is tight, you can look at its operating cash flow first, because it can explain the problem better than any other financial data.
There are also financial statement indicators: earnings per share and return on net assets (depending on the company's profitability), debt ratio (depending on whether the company's operation is safe), and cash flow mentioned above (depending on the company's ability to continue to operate).
Question 6: How to fill in the company's operation and capital status in bidding? Generally, bidders of state-owned projects are not very worried about money, unless the money is not enough and the price advantage is weak. The comprehensive strength of the company is the bidder's favorite aspect, including enterprise scale, number of technicians, registered capital, awards, performance, etc. , and technical advantages. To tell the truth, no matter how good you say, they don't understand. The entry point is the best.
Question 7: I would like to ask financial experts: How to look at the flow of corporate funds? Thanks for the cash inflow without cash flow statement: look at the account subsidiary ledger, debit cash income, credit other receivables and credit accounts receivable. These accounts are the accounts into which the cash of the enterprise flows. Cash outflow: look at the account subsidiary ledger, credit cash income, debit other payables and debit accounts payable. These accounts are the accounts from which cash flows out of the enterprise. Thank you!
Question 8: Tax requirements describe the capital flow, drift and logistics of enterprises. How to explain that capital flow is the source of funds, such as receiving investment, selling goods, where to sell goods, to whom, how to use funds, whether to buy materials or increase equipment, etc. As for logistics, it should be the method of sales and breeding ... such as how to bear the freight and what is the first drift?
Question 9: How to analyze the cash flow of an enterprise? What indicators do you see? Financial analysis of cash flow statement of listed companies] With the increasingly perfect capital market, the financing behavior and investment behavior of listed companies are gradually diversified, and cash flow information is an extremely important and irreplaceable financial resource for both internal management authorities and external investors of listed companies. Financial managers of listed companies must master the analysis methods and skills of cash flow statement in order to play an important role in corporate financial management. With the increasingly perfect capital market, the financing behavior and investment behavior of listed companies are gradually diversified. Both the internal management authorities of listed companies and external investors have gradually realized that cash flow information can better reflect the income quality and actual support ability of listed companies. It is an extremely important and irreplaceable financial resource for the company, and it is also an information resource for investors (shareholders) to make correct decisions. In order to make correct financial decisions and ensure the optimization of financial management behavior, enterprises must require enterprise financial managers to master the analysis methods and skills of cash flow statement and deeply understand the formation law and internal structure of cash flow, so as to give full play to its important role in enterprise financial management. Scientifically evaluate the liquidity and financial flexibility of the company's assets, evaluate the company's profitability and financial risks, and predict the company's future development trend. Financial personnel of listed companies should follow the principle of analysis, reasonably adopt comparative analysis, focus on comparing structural percentage and financial ratio, carefully design financial analysis indicators, strive to analyze concretely and deeply, and see the essence through phenomena, so as to give full play to them in corporate financial management. I. Structural analysis of cash flow of listed companies The structural analysis of cash flow includes inflow structure, outflow structure and inflow-outflow ratio analysis, which can be analyzed in tabular form. The purpose is to further grasp the changing law and trend of cash flow, the stage of the company's business cycle and the abnormal changes of the company's activities. Among them, (1) inflow structure analysis is divided into total inflow structure and internal structure analysis of inflow of three activities (operation, investment and financing). (2) The analysis of outflow structure is also divided into the total outflow structure and the internal structure analysis of the outflow of three activities (operation, investment and financing). (3) The inflow-outflow ratio analysis is divided into cash inflow-outflow ratio of operating activities (the greater the ratio, the better); The ratio of cash inflow and outflow in investment activities (this ratio should be small in the development period, but it should be larger and better in the recession or lack of investment opportunities); Cash inflow-outflow ratio of financing activities (in the development period, the bigger the ratio, the better). Corporate financial managers can use the historical comparison of cash inflow and outflow structure and the comparison of peers to obtain more meaningful information. For a healthy growing company, the cash flow from operating activities should be positive, the cash flow from investment activities should be negative and the cash flow from financing activities should be positive and negative. If the structural percentage of operating cash flow of listed companies is representative (the average value of three to five years can be used), the financial manager can also predict the future operating cash flow according to them and planned sales. Second, the liquidity analysis of listed companies refers to the ability of the company's assets to be converted into cash through normal order without heavy losses, as well as the performance of the company's debt contract or other cash contracts. It is a dynamic solvency implied in the company's production and operation process. The current ratio and quick ratio determined according to the balance sheet can reflect liquidity, but they have great limitations. This is mainly because: inventory, as an important part of current assets, cannot be quickly converted into cash for debt repayment; Inventory priced at cost cannot reflect the net realized value; The prepaid expenses in current assets cannot be converted into cash; There will be some bad debts in accounts receivable. Many companies have a lot of liquid assets, but their cash payment ability is poor, even unable to repay their debts, which increases financial risks and leads to bankruptcy. What can really be used to pay off debts is cash flow. Therefore, it is necessary to compare and analyze the flow and liabilities of listed companies, so as to reflect their real solvency more objectively. The main analysis indicators include: (1) cash maturity debt ratio = net operating cash flow/current maturity debt; (2) Cash current liabilities ratio = net operating cash flow/current liabilities; (3) The ratio of cash to total debt = net operating cash flow/total debt. The greater the above indicators, the faster the cash flow of the enterprise, the greater the flow generated by the business activities of the enterprise, the more stable the financial foundation of the enterprise, and the reasonable and effective internal control, so that the stronger the solvency and external financing ability, the better the liquidity of the enterprise and the higher the anti-risk ability. Generally speaking, the debt due in this period is ...................................................................................................................................................................... & gt
Question 10: How to reflect the cash flow of enterprises? The preparation method of the capital statement that reflects the cash flow in time is:
1, daily fund receipts and payments need to be registered in the fund statement to accurately reflect the flow of funds;
2. Capital flow refers to the process of transferring self-owned funds into merchant accounts after users confirm the purchase of goods. As the most special of the three streams of e-commerce, capital flow plays an important role. In e-commerce, customers purchase goods or services by browsing web pages, and pay online through postal services after the purchase is completed. Whether the money paid by customers can reach the merchants safely, timely and conveniently is related to the ultimate success or failure of the transaction. Therefore, online payment is of great significance to both customers and businesses. The key to online payment is the construction of capital flow platform.