1. As you said, mainland non-financial enterprises have just been allowed to issue bonds in Hong Kong. At present, the People's Bank of China strictly controls the return of RMB to China, so the symbolic significance of allowing mainland non-financial enterprises to issue bonds in Hong Kong is greater than the practical significance. Moreover, according to the policy, the amount of bonds issued by non-financial enterprises in the mainland is limited every year, which is 50 billion this year. It is not enough to rely solely on large state-owned enterprises. Therefore, it is difficult for small enterprises to issue bonds directly in Hong Kong in the short term.
2. Yes, it's foreign debt, because the money was obtained abroad and held by foreign creditors, regardless of whether it is RMB or not.
3. Not the theme. The main regulatory agencies that issue dim sum bonds are the Hong Kong Monetary Authority and the China Securities Regulatory Commission, and the China Municipal Government mainly examines and approves the issue of capital return.