(1) wholly-owned subsidiary;
(2) holding more than 50% of the shares, or holding the first generous, is called holding state-owned enterprises or absolutely holding state-owned enterprises;
(3) Some shares, even less than 10%, are called state-owned joint-stock enterprises.
1. State-owned enterprises: If a subsidiary of a state-owned enterprise is wholly owned by a state-owned enterprise, it is also a state-owned enterprise, because the contribution ratio of state-owned assets is 100%.
2. Holding state-owned enterprises or absolutely holding state-owned enterprises: If the shares of subsidiaries of state-owned enterprises exceed 50% and belong to the largest controlling party, then such subsidiaries are called holding state-owned enterprises or absolutely holding state-owned enterprises and still belong to state-owned enterprises.
3. State-owned joint-stock enterprises: If there is a certain proportion of state-owned assets investment in the shares of subsidiaries of state-owned enterprises, but the proportion is lower than 10%, then such subsidiaries are called state-owned joint-stock enterprises, which usually do not belong to state-owned enterprises, because state-owned assets are just ordinary investments here.
In short, whether a subsidiary of a state-owned enterprise belongs to a state-owned enterprise depends on the proportion of shares of state-owned assets in this subsidiary. More than 50% is considered a state-owned enterprise.
Classification of state-owned enterprises:
1. A wholly state-owned company is fully funded by the government and regulated by the Company Law.
This kind of enterprise takes social public goal as the main goal, followed by economic goal. Such enterprises are mainly typical natural monopoly enterprises and resource enterprises, such as railways, tap water, natural gas, electricity, airports and so on.
From an economic point of view, the products or services of such enterprises should be priced at marginal cost or average cost to maximize social welfare, rather than seeking to grab more surplus from consumers.
2. State-owned holding companies are funded by the government and regulated by the Company Law.
This kind of enterprise has both social goals and economic goals, which are supported by economic goals. Such enterprises are mainly quasi-natural monopoly enterprises and pillar industries of national economic development, such as electronics, automobiles, medicine and airports.
It should be noted that such enterprises do not directly provide public services, but indirectly provide public services by paying dividends and bonuses to the state finance. If these enterprises have to perform some public functions due to special circumstances, the losses caused will be compensated by the state finance.
However, after compensation, dividends cannot be exempted. Of course, through agreement and accounting, the two can offset each other.
Strictly speaking, state-owned joint-stock companies should be called "state-owned joint-stock companies" or "government-owned joint-stock companies". Not a state-owned enterprise, the government is just an ordinary shareholder and is regulated by the company law.
There is no doubt that such enterprises and general competitive enterprises have no mandatory social goals, and economic goals are dominant. If they also provide public services, it is an act of consciously fulfilling social responsibilities and should be encouraged and supported.
For such enterprises, the government's share participation is only to strengthen the strength of the state-owned economy. In addition, the government has no other additional obligations to such enterprises.
Legal basis:
Company Law of the People's Republic of China
Article 14 A company may set up branches. The establishment of a branch company shall apply to the company registration authority for registration and obtain a business license. A branch company does not have legal person status, and its civil liability shall be borne by the company.
A company may set up subsidiaries, which have legal personality and independently bear civil liabilities according to law.
Article 64 The provisions of this section shall apply to the establishment and organization of a wholly state-owned company. Where there are no provisions in this section, the provisions in the first and second sections of this chapter shall apply.
A wholly state-owned company as mentioned in this Law refers to a limited liability company which is solely funded by the state and authorized by the State Council or the local people's government to perform the responsibilities of the investor.