1. Ownership structure: The ownership of state-owned enterprises belongs to the state, while the ownership of joint ventures is decided by the parties to the joint venture.
2. Different business objectives and responsibilities: The business objectives of state-owned enterprises are mainly to serve the interests of the country and society, and they have certain public welfare nature. Their responsibilities are mainly to create wealth and employment opportunities for the country and society, while the business objectives of joint ventures are mainly to create value for shareholders and investors, and their responsibilities are mainly to obtain returns and profits for shareholders and investors.