Located in the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it belongs to the hilly area of southern Anhui. The northeast of the mining area is undulating hills, and the southwest is a large alluvial plain with an altitude of 8-9 meters. Qingshan River runs through the west of the mining area.
Gushan Iron Mine is an old mine with a history of more than 70 years. According to historical records, in 19 12, Xu founded a private Fumin mining company in Gushan; 19 13 Tongcheng Lv Fang rents Dagu Mountain and its nearby Fishing Mountain and Zhongshan Mountain. , and founded Zhenye Mining Company. By1936 * *, more than 500,000 tons of ore had been mined and sold to Japan. 1September, 938, Japanese invaders set foot here and successively plundered iron mines such as Xiaogushan, Dagushan, Diaoyu Island and Zhongshan. Until Japan surrendered, * * * plundered 1 more than ten thousand tons of iron ore in this area.
The mineral resources in Gushan mining area have long been concerned by geological experts and scholars at home and abroad. Since the establishment of 19 12 in New China, the iron ore resources in this area have been investigated successively by German sorgue, Swedish Dinglan, Japanese Kobayashi Ichiro, Matsuoka Kenjiro, Ikeda Zaomiao and Nakano Yuesan. China has Xie, Zhang and so on. 1923, Shi Ding published the monograph "China Iron Mine Records" in the special issue of Beiping Geological Survey, which was the detailed work of China Iron Mine at that time. According to the province, each chapter is divided into counties. In the chapter of Anhui Province, the iron ore reserves and grade in Gushan mining area of Dangtu Iron Mine are estimated as follows:
Big and small isolated mountains: the reserve is about 6.5438+0.9 million tons, and the grade is 50%;
Zhongshan: the reserve is about 3 million tons, with a grade of 50%-55%;
Fishing Mountain: The reserve is about 6.5438+0.2 million tons.
1in April, 935, Xie, Sun Jianchu, Cheng and Chen Kai co-authored Iron Ore Records of the Lower Yangtze River based on the survey results, and this work was published in Geological Special ReportNo. 13. Xie and others believed that the iron ore in the lower Yangtze River was located in the south of the Yangtze River, with convenient transportation and excellent minerals. Iron ore reserves account for 4.2% of the national reserves, which is an important iron ore resource in China and has great economic value. For the composition of iron ore in Gushan mining area, the investigators have taken samples for testing, and the results are as follows:
The Discovery History of China Deposit
For the iron ore reserves in Gushan mining area, Mineral Records also estimated that Xiaogushan is 2 1.6 million tons; Dagu Mountain has 360,000 tons.
Because of the rich information and convenient transportation in Gushan mining area, Japanese imperialism has been spying on this treasure for more than 20 years. Mineral resources here are often explored. During the general survey of Gushan mining area, drilling, roadway exploration, geophysical exploration and other means were used for repeated exploration, and a lot of information such as topography, geology, hydrology, transportation, iron ore distribution, reserves and chemical composition in this area was mastered, which made full preparations for plundering the resources of Gushan mining area. 1945165438+10. In October, the Special Commissioner's Office of the wartime production bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Kuomintang sent personnel to take over Gushan and Zhongshan mines owned by Huazhong Mining Co., Ltd. operated by the Japanese, but they have not been mined.
From the founding of New China to 1954, no one from the mineral development and exploration department has set foot in this area.
Because the iron ore resources in Gushan mining area are shallow buried or even exposed to the surface, it takes a long time to discover them, so it is difficult to verify who discovered them first. Its mining history has exceeded 70 years. However, the truly thorough disclosure of iron ore resources in this mining area was completed in 1950s and 1960s. Since 1954, exploration in this area has started one after another.
1954 10, Nanjing Branch of Geology Bureau of Ministry of Heavy Industry sent four geological technicians, including Hu Chengcheng and Yuan Fengshan, to the Gushan mining area for investigation, and made a detailed geological survey design. The Gushan exploration team, composed of 804 teams, carried out geological survey and guangshan work in the mining area. By the end of geological exploration in May 1956, it is certain that Dagushan and Xiaogushan have further exploration value. In June, the preliminary exploration and design of Dagushan and Xiaogushan proposed that four drilling rigs should be started. In June, the annual exploration summary reports of 1957 and 1956 Gushan Iron Mine were submitted, and the reserves of Xiaogushan Iron Mine were 279 1 1000 tons, which was not approved by the superior because the structure and hydrogeology of the deposit were not clearly studied.
While exploring the mining area, Gushan detachment sent a survey team composed of geological technician Lin to conduct a regional geological survey of1∶ 50,000 between Dangtu and Wuhu, and drew a topographic and geological map of1∶ 50,000, covering an area of about 500 square kilometers. At that time, he was the captain and chief engineer of the 804 team, Yang and Cao Zhiyong were geologists, Shen Congxiang and Cong Zhihua were the captain of the Gushan team, the technical vice captain, and Xiang Jixi was the geological leader. Members include Zhu, Wang Da, Zhang Guangmin and Joe.
1In March, 957, Team 808 of East China Branch of Heavy Industry Geology Bureau took over all the work of Team 804. On the basis of the team's work, the surface work plan was put forward, and the topographic and geological map of 1∶ 1000 was drawn, and geological research and hydrogeological exploration were carried out. In August, 1958 put forward a special summary report on hydrogeological exploration of Gushan iron mine. Through hydrogeological exploration, it is proved that the hydrogeological problems in the mining area are not serious and the deep ore bodies can be mined. At the beginning of 1959, it was officially transferred to the stage of comprehensive and detailed investigation. Through comprehensive research and a small number of drilling projects, it is confirmed that Dagushan ore body is not only connected with Xiaogushan ore body, but also tends to develop to the northwest and southwest. Moreover, Dagushan not only has poor ore for separation and utilization, but also contains many rich ores, which reverses the previous understanding that Dagushan mines are all poor and non-mineral. 1September, 964, completed all site construction.
The summary report on geological exploration of Gushan Iron Mine in dangtu county was submitted in July, 1965. At that time, Team 808 belonged to East China Metallurgical Geological Exploration Company (Nanjing), with Song Hongzhang as the captain, Plateau as the geological captain, Jiang Zhimo as the geological director, Jiang Zhimo as the report editor, and Qiu Chuanzhu and Zhang Yongliang as the main editors. Other contributors to this report are Yu, Yu, Chen Zuozhou, Wang, Gu Kuizhen, Wan Changpu and Liu Leshan. At that time, East China Company also sent Lin to the team to assist in compiling the geological report.
The total exploration investment of Gushan Iron Mine over the years is 3.69 million yuan, and the main exploration workload is: 133 drilling with a total footage of 25,400 meters; Trough exploration is 4592 cubic meters, and well exploration is 58 meters. Total proven iron ore reserves 1.28 billion tons. The average grade of total iron is 43.73%. The average exploration cost per ton of ore is 0.03 yuan, and the exploration economic benefit is good. The exploration report was approved by the Reserves Committee of the Ministry of Metallurgy 1972.
On may 1954 and 16, the first shot of production in Maanshan mine was fired in Gushan mining area, and Gushan mine was formally established as a workshop under Maanshan iron works. Over the past 30 years, Gushan Iron Mine has been built from a small mine with manual mining into a modern mine integrating mining, transportation, mineral processing and welfare, which has contributed to the development of Maanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. After 35 years of mining (1end of 988), * * produced iron ore (raw ore) 15342600 tons, loaded 8.3 million tons, 7.27 million tons of concentrated ore and 3.548 million tons of iron concentrate. The product variety has developed from a single original rich ore in the early stage of mine construction to today's blast furnace rich lump ore and iron concentrate. 1988 The total industrial output value is 22 1 54,200 yuan, which is the second largest raw material base in Masteel, with an annual production capacity of110,000 tons.
Gushan iron ore body is mainly produced in gabbro intrusion and its adjacent contact zone, which is dome-shaped, with the long axis direction of 70 NE, the length of 1 100 m and the short axis width of 880 m. The ore body inclines around, and the northern inclination angle is generally 40-60; The south is about horizontal. The exposed ore body on the surface has an elevation of 75m and a vertical extension of 481m.. The distribution range is 0.745 square kilometers, and the thickness of main ore bodies is10-140m, with an average thickness of 60.6m. The edges of ore bodies are bifurcated and pointed out. In addition, there are sedimentary iron ores in volcanic sedimentary rocks, which are140m long and 40m thick and lenticular.
The mineral composition of the ore is relatively simple, mainly including hematite, pseudomorphic hematite, semi-pseudomorphic hematite, magnetite, molybdenite, specularite, limonite and so on. The first four are dominant. The natural types of ores are compact hematite, magnetite, breccia hematite, reticulate vein hematite, magnetite, disseminated hematite and magnetite. The content of vanadium pentoxide, an associated beneficial component, is 0. 1 1%, which shows the same fluctuation relationship with the iron content. The general content of harmful impurity sulfur is about 0.05%, and the average content is 0.38%.
The wall rock alteration of ore body includes kaolin, carbonation, sericitization, chloritization, Pan Qing, silicification and hornblende. Kaolinite is mainly developed in gabbro near the mine, and its alteration degree changes from weak to strong with the distance from the ore body, mainly because plagioclase is replaced by kaolinite, which preserves the residual form of plagioclase; Carbonization mainly occurs at the outer edge of kaolinized gabbro near the ore body; Silicification and hornblende are mainly found in shale and limestone near the mine, and secondly in shale and limestone invading the contact zone. When the alteration intensity is different, the microcrystals become fine particles to replace limestone and shale in the secondary reaction.
According to the geological characteristics of the deposit, the main ore bodies in this area may belong to post-magmatic intermediate (high) hydrothermal deposits, and the ore bodies appearing in volcanic rocks may also belong to volcanic eruption sedimentary deposits. Some people think it belongs to Ningwu porphyry iron ore or pulp iron ore.
The exploration degree of shallow ore bodies below 300 meters can meet the needs of mine design and production, but the ore bodies below 300 meters in the northwest end still lack engineering control. According to the structure and metallogenic characteristics of the mining area, the same type of hydrothermal deposits can be further searched in the south of the mining area. At the same time, pay attention to looking for iron ore related to volcanic rocks in the volcanic rock distribution area around Gushan.