Graphite is the most advantageous nonmetallic mineral resource in Heilongjiang province, which not only has a large resource reserve, ranking first in the country, but also has good metallogenic conditions and great resource potential. There are 22 deposits that have been assessed and submitted to the provincial reserve balance table, with resource reserves of113.597 million tons (unit: crystalline graphite); Mainly distributed in Jixi to Luobei in the eastern region, there is only one graphite mine in Menduli, Mohe County in the western region. Graphite ore is of good quality and high grade, and most of them are scaly crystalline graphite. The soil graphite (aphanitic graphite) is only 1 in Xiaobaihe graphite mine in tieli city.
Large and super-large graphite mines include Liumao graphite mine in Jixi City, Foling graphite mine in Boli County, Malaishan graphite mine in Mishan City, Guangyi graphite mine in Muling City and Yunshan graphite mine in Luobei County. The rest are medium-sized mines.
There are 0/2 graphite mines/kloc-,including Jixi Liumao graphite mine, Yongtai Anshan graphite mine, Shichang graphite mine, Lingnan graphite mine, Sandaogou graphite mine, Dongsandaogou graphite mine, Muling Tudingzi graphite mine, Heping graphite mine, linkou county Nianzigou graphite mine, Badaogou graphite mine, Luobei Yunshan graphite mine and tieli city Xiaozihe graphite mine.
Large mining enterprises mainly include Liumao graphite mine in Jixi City, Zhongxing graphite mine in Muling City (Guangyi Mine) and Yunshan graphite mine in Luobei County. Others are small collective and private coal mines. The annual mining capacity is about 6.5438+0 million tons, and the graphite mineral resources are about 6.5438+0 million tons, including 40,000 tons of Liumao graphite mine in Jixi City and 6.5438+0 ~ 6.5438+0.5 million tons of Zhongxing graphite mine in Muling City. It is difficult to count the output of Yunshan graphite mine in Luobei county, because many concentrator are enterprises from other provinces.
Due to the influence of the international market, the development of graphite experienced the expansion period from the end of 1980s to 1990s, the depression period from the end of 1990s to 2002 and the prosperity period after 2003. Most products are exported as primary raw materials, mainly high-carbon graphite from Zhong Yi, and only Liumao graphite mine produces deep-processed products, such as graphite electrodes. The recovery rate of mineral processing is low, the output of large flake graphite is low, and the phenomenon of indiscriminate mining and digging, abandoning poverty and mining broken ore is serious.
By the end of 2008, there were large graphite production mines 15, medium graphite production mines 3, small graphite production mines 2 and small graphite production mines 10, with 2,822 employees annually, with an annual output of 20 1500 tons, a total profit of 6.72 million yuan and an industrial output value of190. In recent years, the demand for graphite products in the international market fluctuates greatly, and the consumption of graphite is also unstable. In the medium and long term, we should make use of the advantages of rich graphite resources and good ore quality in Heilongjiang Province to find the way of deep processing and upgrading products, increase the proportion of graphite products and form a leading industrial chain.
2. sillimanite
It is distributed in the eastern region. At present, four mineral deposits in the provincial reserve balance table are concentrated in Jixi to linkou county, with a resource reserve of 7154,700 tons (sillimanite mineral), of which Sandaogou sillimanite mine in Jixi is a large deposit and Longzhaoshan sillimanite mine in linkou county is a medium deposit.
With the main producers and exporters of andalusite, a traditional high-temperature refractory mineral in the world, such as South Africa and India, the resources tend to be exhausted, and the important position of sillimanite in Heilongjiang Province is more prominent. However, except that there is a certain production scale in Longzhaoshan sillimanite mine in linkou county, it is mainly privately-run sporadic mining. The main problems in development and utilization are low recovery rate of mineral processing, poor deep processing of products and short industrial chain.
3. Decorative stone materials (including granite, granodiorite and gabbro)
Heilongjiang province is rich in decorative stone resources. Due to the low degree of evaluation, there are about 26 mineral deposits that can reach the provincial reserve balance table, with a resource reserve of nearly 63.06 million cubic meters, mainly small and medium-sized mines. Linkou county Chushan Granite, Zhangjiagou Granite, Dongning Xilin Hedong Shengcun Granite, Acheng Dongjiatun Granite and hailin city Dahailin Forestry Bureau Nantianmen Granite have been developed and utilized. The main mining enterprises are concentrated in Chushan, linkou county. Linkou Hualong Stone Group is a leading stone enterprise in Heilongjiang Province, with an annual output of about 20,000 cubic meters of various stones. Followed by Harbin Aier Aisi Co., Ltd., based on Acheng Dongjiatun Mine, with an annual output of about 2000 cubic meters of stone waste; Others are small-scale mining, and there are at least a dozen collective and private mining enterprises outside Longhua Stone Group.
The products are famous at home and abroad for "Chushan Grey" (also known as "Linkou Grey") in Chushan area, mainly used as tombstones, and most of them are exported; Secondly, the "ice flower" of Dongjiatun Mine is exported to Japan; Other brands include Snow Black, Willow Black, Striped Black, Nidhogg, Hengdaohong, Liuhong, Tianmen Red, Sunshine Red, Peony Red and Black Peony.
The main problems in the development and utilization are the lack of unified planning, weak macro-control (especially in Chushan, linkou county), underdeveloped processing industry and weak awareness of creating famous brands.
4. Marble for cement and limestone for cement
There are nearly 40 mineral deposits in the province's reserve balance table, with a resource reserve of nearly 2 billion tons, most of which have been developed and utilized; In addition, there are more than 140 marble mines, which have been developed and utilized without detailed evaluation. There are more than 300 mines.
Large-scale deposits include Guanniaohe marble mine in Nenjiang county, Taiqing marble mine in Yichun city, Haolianghe marble mine, Sunjiayao marble mine in Binxian county, Mengjiadian marble mine in Acheng city, Xin Ming marble mine in He Shan, Yuquan marble mine, Shifatun marble mine, Laotouzi marble mine in huanan county, Baishilazi marble mine in Boli county, Dapandao marble mine in linkou county, Yunshan marble mine and Mudanjiang. There are four marble mines 14 in Mishan city, among which Shifatun marble mine and Yuquan marble mine have a long history of mining. At present, after decades of mining, Shifatun Mine has a resource reserve of less than100000 tons.
Among more than 300 mining enterprises, the only large-scale mines are the quarry of Harbin Swan Industrial Company and the Xin Ming marble mine in Acheng, with an annual mining capacity of more than 6,543.8+00,000 tons. In addition, there are 12 companies with an annual mining capacity of more than 200,000 tons, 20 companies with an annual mining capacity of more than 654.38+10,000 tons, and the rest are mostly sporadic small mines. Most ores are used as calcareous raw materials for cement plants. There are 105 cement enterprises in the whole province, among which Harbin Swan Industrial Company, Mudanjiang Cement Group, Yichun Haolianghe Cement Plant and Jiamusi Hongji Cement Group are the four leading enterprises in the cement industry in Heilongjiang Province, and they are rarely used in foundry, fine chemicals and feed industries.
There are abundant limestone resources for cement in this province, which can meet the needs of the whole province. However, the exploration and evaluation of high-quality cement limestone is obviously lagging behind, and some high-quality cement in Heilongjiang Province needs to be imported and imported to meet the market demand. There are production mines 105, large mines 18, 4 medium-sized mines and 83 small-sized or small-sized mines in the province, mainly small-sized production mines, accounting for 2.5% of the total number of mining enterprises in the province, with an annual output of 62,035,438+00,000 tons. In that year, the sales income of mineral products was 6.5438+0.22622 million yuan, the total profit was 26.6 million yuan, and the industrial output value was 6.5438+0.265438+0.497 million yuan.
5. Clay for ceramsite (including shale and slate)
There are many clay, shale and slate minerals for ceramsite in Heilongjiang Province. Due to different exploration degrees, there are only 9 places on the provincial reserve balance sheet, with a resource reserve of about 25 million tons. At present, there are 9 mining mines, and the mining scale is not large. The larger ones are Hegang Guangxin ceramsite shale mine, Binxian Yongfatun ceramsite slate mine and Muling Guangyuan ceramsite shale mine. The annual mining capacity of these mines is 50 thousand tons, which has not yet reached the output. Hegang Junde ceramsite clay ore is of good quality, and most of it is used to produce ultra-light ceramsite.
6. Zeolite
Zeolite is rich in resources and has great potential. More than 20 mineral deposits have been discovered, and 4 provincial reserves balance tables have been evaluated, with a total resource reserve of 1 19084900 tons. Dalazi zeolite, hailin city zeolite and bentonite in Nenjiang county are large deposits. The Dalazi zeolite ore in Nenjiang county is of good quality, mainly clinoptilolite, and only one ore body is mainly mordenite; The content of zeolite minerals in the ore is above 60%, which is a rare high-quality zeolite mine in China. In addition, although the Gangouzi zeolite mine in Muling City has not been evaluated in detail, it is determined to be a large and medium-sized mine with mordenite as the main component through preliminary investigation and sampling test.
The four zeolite mines that have been evaluated have all been mined, and the mining amount is relatively large in the 1980s and 1990s, with an annual mining amount of about 250,000 tons (not counting small mines mined sporadically). In recent years, with the consumption of zeolite as cement active admixture greatly reduced, the mining output also decreased. At present, there are about 16 mines with an annual mining capacity of 50,000-60,000 tons. Raw ore is mainly sold after mechanical crushing, used as a carrier of compound feed additives and trace element additives, or used to produce compound fertilizer. However, its special physical and chemical properties have not been used to develop deep-processed products.
7. bentonite
Rich in resources and mineral deposits, especially in coal measures strata, bentonite ore with large reserves and good quality has also been found. Although high-quality bentonite ore has great resource potential, most of it has not been evaluated. There are 6 places in the reserve balance table of Shandong Province, and the resource reserves are145.954 million tons. Hailin city has the largest zeolite and bentonite deposits. The newborn bentonite mine in Baiquan County, Tuanshanzi zeolite and bentonite mine in Boli County are small in scale, and all belong to calcareous soil with medium quality (montmorillonite content is less than 60%, generally 40% ~ 50%). In addition, sodium soil was found in Jiayin county, and the scale was unknown. A large amount of bentonite is associated with Hongqi-Muerqi coal mine in Nenjiang county, with a resource of nearly 100 million tons, but its quality evaluation is not enough.
Baitushan Bentonite Mine in Longjiang County, Xinsheng Bentonite Mine in Baiquan County and hailin city Zeolite Bentonite Mine have been developed and utilized. Baitushan Mine in Longjiang County has a small mining scale and the largest annual mining capacity, with an annual mining capacity of only 2-3 thousand tons. At present, it is mainly used for casting and producing compound fertilizer, and has also tried to produce activated clay and white carbon black.
8. Perlite
At present, many mineral deposits 10 have been discovered, with good metallogenic conditions and great resource potential. There are four places in the reserve balance table of Shandong Province, and the resource reserves are 293,865,438+10,000 tons. Among them, the evaluation ore body of Menluhe perlite mine in Nenjiang County is only a part of the exposed surface of the ore body, and its resources/reserves have reached more than 654.38+million tons.
The development and utilization of perlite in Xingfutun, Muling City was earlier, and the resources have been basically exhausted. The exploitation of Shimadagang perlite mine in Xunke County has stopped. Although the scale of Menluhe perlite mine in Nenjiang County is large, it has not been exploited on a large scale, and only a few self-employed individuals can produce thousands of tons of ore annually. The largest mining scale is Tai 'antun No.4 Mine in Muling City, with an annual mining capacity of about 50,000 tons. The quality of perlite ore in Heilongjiang Province is generally good, and the best Mentouhe mine in Nenjiang County has an expansion ratio of more than 20 times, up to 40 times.
9. Colored yellow clay
Pigment yellow clay ore is a special mineral in Heilongjiang Province, which is unique in China. The proven reserves are Qingshanzuizi yellow clay mine in Laolai, nehe city and Shuang Shan yellow clay mine in Nenjiang County, with a resource reserve of 6.5438+0.92 million tons. Qingshanzuizi Mine in Nehe County has been mined for many years, with an annual output of about 1 10,000 tons, most of which are sold to Japan.
10. Volcanic ash
It is a mineral with a high degree of development and utilization. There are three mines in the average reserve table of the whole province with a resource reserve of 49.48 million tons, namely Yiweizishan Mine in Maanshan City, Ludao Mine in Ning 'an County and Maanshan Mine in linkou county. The annual output of each mine does not exceed 654.38+10,000 tons, mainly for cement production in cement plants.
1 1. basalt
There are two evaluations: basalt is cast stone and basalt is rock wool.
Cast-stone basalt mine: Mudanjiang City has only 1 Huanghua cast-stone basalt mine, with a resource reserve of11120,000 tons, mainly individual sporadic mining. There are more than one miner 100, and the total annual mining output is about 800,000 tons. Among them, the annual consumption of stone casting plants is only about 1 10,000 tons, and the rest is used for building rubble.
Basalt ore for rock wool: There are Erkeshan basalt mine in Keshan County, Wudalianchi basalt mine and Xiaowangou tholeiite mine in Jixi City with an estimated resource reserve of 72.74 million tons. Only Erkeshan basalt mine in Keshan County is mined, with an annual mining capacity of less than 20,000 tons, providing raw materials for the rock wool factory in the province.
12. Transparent
There are piezoelectric crystals and molten crystal minerals.
There are two piezoelectric crystal mines with a resource reserve of 8527 kg (single crystal). Among them, Dongfeng piezoelectric crystal mine in Yichun city is a large deposit with proven resource reserves of 8527kg. The mine was once destroyed by disorderly mining, and now it has been listed as forbidden mining and stopped mining.
There are five smelting crystal mines, with proven resource reserves of 77 1 ton, including the associated mine of Dongfeng piezoelectric crystal mine in Yichun city and the natural smelting crystal mine in Tonghe county. Both of them have been mined, and the natural mine reserves in Tonghe County are less than 400 tons, and the products are sold as raw materials.
13. Silica raw materials for glass
Include quartz sand ore for glass and vein-like timing ore for glass.
Quartz sand mine for glass: It is distributed in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province, with evaluation sites in Yi 'an County, Keshan County, nehe city City and Heihe City, with a resource reserve of about1.596,5438+0.3 million tons. The annual output of Ming Dow quartz sand mine that has been developed and utilized in the upper reaches of Yi 'an County does not exceed 50,000 tons. After mineral processing, the best grade of concentrate can reach the first-class and second-class standards, and it cannot be used as raw material for producing flat glass alone.
Timely glass vein: the resource reserves rank first in China, reaching 7.096 million tons. Among them, Jianshanzi glass vein timely mine, the largest in Luobei County, has a resource reserve of 6175,000 tons, accounting for 99% of the whole province, but its quality is poor, with an average content of 95.56%, which is still a mineral resource that is difficult to use. The annual output of glass in the province is 6.88 million weight boxes, and most of the raw materials are purchased from other provinces, so Heilongjiang Province is a province with a shortage of glass silica raw materials. Although there are more than a dozen small mines in Heilongjiang province, the supply gap of raw ore is not big. It is necessary to strengthen the exploration and development of mines to alleviate the supply situation in this province.
14. Ceramic clay
The resource reserves of ceramic clay mines rank third in China, but strictly speaking, there are no high-quality ceramic clay mines in Heilongjiang Province. At present, the quality of the ore evaluated is not good. The content of A 12 O3 is generally less than 17%, and the content of Fe2 O3 is more than 3%, so it can only be used as raw materials or ingredients for the production of daily coarse pottery. Some ceramic enterprises in Heilongjiang Province have been purchasing from other provinces for many years, and the farthest place is Guangdong. In recent years, some ceramic enterprises in Heilongjiang Province have closed down and switched to production, so ceramic clay mines are also scarce nonmetallic minerals in Heilongjiang Province.
15. Feldspar
There are not many feldspar minerals in Heilongjiang province, and a large number of them are potassium-bearing rocks. The total resource reserves in the reserve balance table are17.558 million tons. Among them, the largest mine is Qishan nepheline syenite mine in Yangmuxiang, Mishan City, with a resource reserve of over 1 100 million tons. The real feldspar mine is the Shahezi pegmatite type potash feldspar mine in Beishan, Wuchang, with a resource reserve of only 6.5438+0.2 million tons, which has not yet been mined.
16. Opal shale
Opal shale is a new mineral. Before its development and utilization, it was called "Nenjiang shale" and "light shale", and it was defined as opal shale according to its composition. Found in a large area in Nenjiang County. The content of silica is above 80%, and the composition is defined as opal shale. It has been mined and can also be used as an additive for producing alkaline cement and a raw material for producing silicon fertilizer. It is a nonmetallic raw material with great development and utilization prospects.
17. Building sand
By the end of 2008, there were 3 12 production mines in Heilongjiang province, and the production enterprises were mainly small and small mines, accounting for 7.3% of the total existing production mines in the province, an increase of 1 1.03% over the previous year, with an annual output of 6,630,200 cubic meters of ore. In that year, the sales revenue of mineral products was 50.903 million yuan, the total profit was 44.6 million yuan/kloc-0.0 million yuan, and the industrial output value reached 52.8223 million yuan. The mineral resources of building sand in the whole province can meet the demand, but as the sand mining industry meets the market demand, it also increases the pressure of environmental management and needs to strengthen protective mining.
18. Clay for brick and tile
By 2008, there were 33 production mines 1096 in Heilongjiang province, a decrease of 3.00% compared with the previous year. Mainly small mining enterprises, accounting for 24.86% of the total number of mining enterprises in the province, with an annual output of 654.38+07866 million tons. In that year, the sales revenue of mineral products was 572.0033 million yuan, the total profit was 508 1.8 1 10,000 yuan, and the industrial output value reached 646.0333 million yuan. The province is rich in resources. Due to the serious destruction of cultivated land, it should no longer be advocated, and alternative resources should be sought and exploited as soon as possible. For example, Heilongjiang Province is rich in ceramsite shale and slate, which are ideal mineral resources for producing wall materials. It is necessary to intensify exploration, find out the resources of the whole province, and study this subject from a strategic perspective.
There are also a large number of nonmetallic mineral resources in Heilongjiang Province, such as cement mixed clay, flux limestone and serpentine used as fertilizer. Pyrophyllite mine, diopside mine, fluorite mine, garnet mine, mould placer mine and mud coal mine are small in scale. Magnesite has been basically mined; Mica ore and asbestos ore have not yet been developed.