The disadvantages of large and medium-sized enterprises are established according to the product economic model. This enterprise owned by the whole people is essentially a * * * enterprise and a departmental enterprise. Resulting in unclear property rights. There is no clear definition between the management right and ownership of an enterprise. Enterprises lack motivation and vitality, external resources can not be effectively allocated, the state has too much administrative intervention in enterprises, and the state has unlimited responsibility for enterprises. This is an important reason why our large and medium-sized enterprises do not distinguish between government and enterprise, and enterprises lack necessary management, and even become accessories of state administrative agencies.
In view of these disadvantages, we have carried out reforms.
We feel that implementing the shareholding system in China and transforming our large and medium-sized enterprises through the shareholding system may have three benefits:
First, the shareholding system reform may make some fundamental changes in the dynamic mechanism, restraint mechanism and risk mechanism of enterprises. So, where is it? In my opinion, the shareholding system is not a patent of capitalism, but a product of socialized mass production and developed commodity economy. No matter China doesn't do it now, I'm afraid there will be a joint-stock system in the future. I think so, too. So from its internal mechanism, I think the shareholding system is not the separation of two rights, but the separation and unification of three rights.
What is the separation and unification of the three powers? In other words, the shareholding system is the separation and unification of equity, legal person ownership and management right. Moreover, they have their own carriers and responsibilities. In this case, it can be said that it is a glory and a loss.
Secondly, what are his strengths? At the beginning, everyone said that the joint-stock system is to enhance everyone's cohesion. What kind of social fund-raising, in fact, its main role is not here. The main function, I just said one, and the other is conducive to the effective allocation of social resources. What does that mean? Of course, this is related to the market mechanism. In other words, the typical shareholding system is the monetization, commercialization, marketization and securitization of equity. Then, his transfer is more flexible. Of course, it is also possible to have national policies and industrial control. In this case, the allocation of social resources may shift relatively quickly. Now we are really unhappy, and we can't turn around through a wall. Then, this is a theoretical problem, that is, it may be a kind of interest.
The third benefit, I think, can promote the reform of the enterprise system by the state. After the shareholding system reform, the state is also one of the owners. Generally speaking, there is no doubt that the state controls large shares on behalf of ownership by the whole people. But the state, as the owner, plays the role of shareholders' rights and interests. He can attend the shareholders' meeting or send someone to the board of directors for decision-making and operation. For major decisions and operations, he can only enjoy shareholders' rights and interests, but he does not directly interfere with the administration and bears limited responsibilities. That is, everyone loses, not the country, but all shareholders have to bear it. Then, as we are now, the state assumes unlimited responsibility. Why can't our enterprise go bankrupt? Of course, socialism must feed everyone, which is a ... in fact, it has been destroyed and closed. Who is unlucky, or the country? Isn't that on display? The state should support it. Is it possible to go bankrupt? It's impossible. So we don't go bankrupt, which has something to do with this. In the case of joint-stock system, as a shareholder, the state can only change from direct control to indirect control. The owner country can also set up a representative, whether it is specifically related to the management of state-owned assets or as the owner representative of an investment institution controlled or reinvested by shareholders, and so on.
Question 2: The significance of state-owned enterprise reform. Promoting the reform and development of state-owned enterprises and enhancing the vitality of state-owned enterprises and the control of state-owned economy are of great significance for establishing a socialist market economic system, promoting sustained, rapid and healthy economic development, improving people's living standards, maintaining a stable and United political situation and consolidating the socialist system. State-owned enterprises are the pillars of our national economy. To develop the productive forces of socialist society and realize the industrialization and modernization of the country, we must always rely on and play the important role of state-owned enterprises. Under the situation of economic globalization and accelerated scientific and technological progress, state-owned enterprises are facing increasingly fierce market competition. Development is the last word. We must keenly grasp the domestic and international economic development trends, effectively change the mode of economic growth, expand the development space, and form new advantages of state-owned enterprises as soon as possible. The reform of state-owned enterprises is the central link of the whole economic system reform. To establish and improve the socialist market economic system and realize the effective combination of public ownership and market economy, the most important thing is to make state-owned enterprises form a management system and operating mechanism that meets the requirements of market economy. We should continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, take it as the fundamental standard that it is conducive to developing the productive forces of socialist society, enhancing the comprehensive national strength of socialist countries and improving people's living standards, boldly use all management methods and organizational forms that reflect the laws of modern socialized production, strive to explore forms of public ownership that greatly promote the development of productive forces, and take new steps in deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises. Doing a good job in the reform and development of state-owned enterprises is an important foundation for achieving long-term stability of the country and maintaining social stability. We should correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, and the strength and speed of reform should adapt to the national strength and social affordability, and strive to create a new situation in which reform, development and stability promote each other. In "naturally developed" countries, market expansion presents a trajectory from commodity market to capital market. Although the financial system serving production is also developing, the rise and large-scale development of the securities market is directly affected by a large number of financing and the demand for mergers and acquisitions between enterprises. As a "transitional" country, we have basically established a modern industrial base and reached a high level in some areas, which can compete with western developed countries. The factory system is not only established, but also has a relatively systematic management system. Different from "natural development", these factories did not grow up under the market expansion, but mainly relied on the planning of * * *. Therefore, they are "factories" rather than "enterprises". From such a starting point, how to realize the market-oriented "transformation" of these factories and what kind of order and logic to adopt in the "transformation" have become the problems we are facing. For some time, the development of commodity market has caused some substantial changes in all enterprises, including state-owned enterprises, and even the whole national economy. There are very few enterprises that rely entirely on the state for food and livelihood (although it cannot be said that there is no). For the reform of state-owned enterprises, the changes brought by the commodity market have created an indispensable prerequisite for the development of the capital market. Here we are concerned about the above-mentioned market development order. Theoretically, it can be assumed that the capital market develops before the commodity market, or both advance simultaneously, but the operators of the capital market will soon find that enterprises will not produce and sell products according to the market demand, and they don't know which enterprises can survive and make profits in the market competition, become the leading enterprises, who will merge who in the enterprise restructuring, and who are real entrepreneurs rather than fake entrepreneurs. In this case, it is self-evident what kind of development the capital market can have. On June 5, 20 15, at the 13 meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, * * * emphasized that the pilot project is an important task of reform, and it is necessary to take steps, explore boldly, act positively, and play a good role in demonstrating, breaking through and driving the overall reform. This makes the significance and value of the pilot project of central enterprises for the reform of state-owned enterprises prominent. In fact, with the recent market adjustment, the task of central enterprise reform in the second half of the year has clearly emerged from the statement of SASAC that central enterprises should take measures to maintain stock market stability. SASAC requires all central enterprises not to reduce their shares in listed companies. At the same time, support central enterprises to increase their holdings of listed companies whose share prices deviate from their value, and strive to maintain the stability of listed companies' share prices. SASAC also stressed that it will further promote the deepening reform of central enterprises, accelerate the pace of enterprise restructuring and integration, and improve the efficiency of market-oriented resource allocation. Continue to adopt the methods of asset reorganization, fostering capital injection, etc. , strive to improve the quality of listed companies, support the listed companies controlled by them to speed up transformation and upgrading and structural adjustment, and establish and improve investment. & gt
Question 3: What is the significance of the shareholding system reform of public-owned enterprises? The shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises is an important way to establish a modern enterprise system. Through the shareholding system reform, state-owned enterprises not only injected a lot of funds, but also accelerated the innovation of enterprise system and the transformation of operating mechanism, and enhanced the vitality and vitality of state-owned enterprises.
First, the significance of the shareholding system reform
1. The joint-stock economy occupies a certain position in the national economy.
At present, there are about 9,200 joint-stock enterprises mainly transformed from state-owned enterprises and 700 listed companies in China. The benefits of joint-stock enterprises are better than those of general state-owned enterprises. Take the joint-stock enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets as an example. In the first half of 1997, 38 of the 700 listed companies suffered losses, accounting for 5.4% of the listed companies, far below the average loss level of state-owned enterprises.
In terms of enterprise scale, the average balance of net fixed assets of industrial enterprises in China in 1996 was 3,449.3 billion yuan, including 22 14 1 billion yuan for state-owned enterprises and 2200 joint-stock enterprises, accounting for 5.86% and 9. 16 respectively. It can be seen that the production strength of the joint-stock economy has accounted for a considerable proportion in the national economy.
As far as enterprise benefits are concerned, the average sales profit of original products of state-owned industrial enterprises in 1996 was 4.56 million yuan/household, while the average sales profit of 2200 joint-stock enterprises that can be counted was18.36 million yuan/household.
2. The implementation of the shareholding system has opened up new financing channels.
Joint-stock system can distribute shares to original shareholders, also can strive for a quota to issue shares to the public, and can also issue B shares or go public overseas. Quickly raise a large amount of funds in a relatively short period of time to accelerate the development of enterprises. By the end of August, listed companies in China had raised 256 billion yuan through domestic and foreign securities markets. These capital injections have laid a foundation for the development of state-owned enterprises and their participation in market competition.
3. The implementation of the shareholding system reform is conducive to the establishment of a modern enterprise system.
After the shareholding system reform, the state owner has changed into the company shareholder, and the relationship between the state and the enterprise has changed from administrative subordination to shareholder relationship, which only has indirect management power over the enterprise and weakens administrative intervention. At the same time, enterprises have independent property rights and are responsible for their own profits and losses, changing from administrative subjects to market subjects. After the shareholding system reform, shareholders' meeting, board of directors, board of supervisors and managers were established, and a relatively scientific and standardized corporate governance system was initially established, which laid a good foundation for enterprises to implement scientific management and supervision. The diversification and decentralization of investment subjects have constrained enterprises from both internal and external aspects, prompting enterprises to strengthen scientific management internally and actively explore markets externally, restraining the blindness of investment to a certain extent and overcoming short-term behavior.
4. The implementation of joint-stock system is conducive to the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets.
The shareholding system reform has realized the value form of state-owned assets and avoided the loss of state-owned assets. The net assets of state-owned enterprises are priced as shares, invested or sold to joint-stock enterprises to obtain dividends and bonuses, so as to realize the appreciation and preservation of state-owned assets. At the same time, the distribution principle of "the same share and the same right, benefit sharing and risk sharing" of joint-stock enterprises provides a guarantee for the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets.
Carrying out the shareholding system reform has straightened out the profit distribution relationship between enterprises and the state and is conducive to improving the accumulation ability of enterprises. The profits of joint-stock enterprises pay income tax first, then pay provident fund and public welfare fund, and finally distribute dividends. The more profits an enterprise realizes, the more income tax levied by the state and the more accumulation of the enterprise, thus laying a foundation for the further development of the enterprise.
Joint-stock system is an economic organization form associated with highly socialized productive forces and developed commodity economy. Perfect laws and regulations are the inherent requirements for the emergence and effective operation of joint-stock system. Strictly speaking, the pilot reform of state-owned joint-stock system and the establishment of securities market are carried out under the condition of imperfect laws and regulations, so there is a situation that there are laws to follow and no rules to follow when it comes to the definition of property rights, equity income and the interests of millions of investors. Therefore, laws and regulations should be established and improved to promote the joint-stock system to play an active role in China's economic life.
Question 4: What is the significance of the shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises? It can invigorate various economies and further promote the development of productive forces. It is conducive to expanding the control scope of public capital and strengthening the dominant position of public ownership.
Question 5: Briefly describe the significance of deepening the shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises to play the leading role of state-owned economy. Deepening the shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises is of great significance for adhering to and improving the basic economic system, adhering to the Socialism with Chinese characteristics road, implementing the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation, adapting to the new normal of economic development, promoting China's economy to achieve medium-high growth and move towards the middle and high-end level, getting rid of the shortcomings of institutional mechanisms, and strengthening and improving state-owned enterprises.
Question 6: What is the meaning of "enterprise shareholding system reform"? The shareholding system reform refers to the transformation of ordinary enterprises into joint stock limited companies in accordance with the Company Law and the Securities Law.
Joint-stock system is an enterprise management system that raises funds by issuing stocks and establishes joint-stock companies for production and operation.
The economic components of the joint-stock system are joint-stock companies, shares, share capital, stocks, shareholders, board of directors and so on.
The shareholding system has the functions of separating government from enterprises, separating and unifying ownership and management rights, raising funds on a large scale, and making shareholders profit by shares and taking corresponding risks.
The purpose of shareholding system reform is to establish a modern enterprise system. 2, clear property rights, clear responsibilities. 3, realize the separation of government and enterprise, enterprises have the right to operate independently. 4. Establish a scientific management system.
The principle of shareholding system reform is 1, the principle of best benefit. 2. Highlight the main business. 3. Avoid horizontal competition. 4. Reduce related party transactions. 5. divest non-operating assets. 6. Establish and improve the internal management mechanism.
I hope I can help you, and I hope to adopt it!
Question 7: What are the advantages of implementing shareholding system in state-owned enterprises? The shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises is an important way to establish a modern enterprise system. Through the shareholding system reform, state-owned enterprises not only injected a lot of funds, but also accelerated the innovation of enterprise system and the transformation of operating mechanism, and enhanced the vitality and vitality of state-owned enterprises.
First, the significance of the shareholding system reform
1. The joint-stock economy occupies a certain position in the national economy.
At present, there are about 9,200 joint-stock enterprises mainly transformed from state-owned enterprises and 700 listed companies in China. The benefits of joint-stock enterprises are better than those of general state-owned enterprises. Take the joint-stock enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets as an example. In the first half of 1997, 38 of the 700 listed companies suffered losses, accounting for 5.4% of the listed companies, far below the average loss level of state-owned enterprises.
In terms of enterprise scale, the average balance of net fixed assets of industrial enterprises in China in 1996 was 3,449.3 billion yuan, including 22 14 1 billion yuan for state-owned enterprises and 2200 joint-stock enterprises, accounting for 5.86% and 9. 16 respectively. It can be seen that the production strength of the joint-stock economy has accounted for a considerable proportion in the national economy.
As far as enterprise benefits are concerned, the average sales profit of original products of state-owned industrial enterprises in 1996 was 4.56 million yuan/household, while the average sales profit of 2200 joint-stock enterprises that can be counted was18.36 million yuan/household.
2. The implementation of the shareholding system has opened up new financing channels.
Joint-stock system can distribute shares to original shareholders, also can strive for a quota to issue shares to the public, and can also issue B shares or go public overseas. Quickly raise a large amount of funds in a relatively short period of time to accelerate the development of enterprises. By the end of August, listed companies in China had raised 256 billion yuan through domestic and foreign securities markets. These capital injections have laid a foundation for the development of state-owned enterprises and their participation in market competition.
3. The implementation of the shareholding system reform is conducive to the establishment of a modern enterprise system.
After the shareholding system reform, the state owner has changed into the company shareholder, and the relationship between the state and the enterprise has changed from administrative subordination to shareholder relationship, which only has indirect management power over the enterprise and weakens administrative intervention. At the same time, enterprises have independent property rights and are responsible for their own profits and losses, changing from administrative subjects to market subjects. After the shareholding system reform, shareholders' meeting, board of directors, board of supervisors and managers were established, and a relatively scientific and standardized corporate governance system was initially established, which laid a good foundation for enterprises to implement scientific management and supervision. The diversification and decentralization of investment subjects have constrained enterprises from both internal and external aspects, prompting enterprises to strengthen scientific management internally and actively explore markets externally, restraining the blindness of investment to a certain extent and overcoming short-term behavior.
4. The implementation of joint-stock system is conducive to the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets.
The shareholding system reform has realized the value form of state-owned assets and avoided the loss of state-owned assets. The net assets of state-owned enterprises are priced as shares, invested or sold to joint-stock enterprises to obtain dividends and bonuses, so as to realize the appreciation and preservation of state-owned assets. At the same time, the distribution principle of "the same share and the same right, benefit sharing and risk sharing" of joint-stock enterprises provides a guarantee for the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets.
Carrying out the shareholding system reform has straightened out the profit distribution relationship between enterprises and the state and is conducive to improving the accumulation ability of enterprises. The profits of joint-stock enterprises pay income tax first, then pay provident fund and public welfare fund, and finally distribute dividends. The more profits an enterprise realizes, the more income tax levied by the state and the more accumulation of the enterprise, thus laying a foundation for the further development of the enterprise.
Joint-stock system is an economic organization form associated with highly socialized productive forces and developed commodity economy. Perfect laws and regulations are the inherent requirements for the emergence and effective operation of joint-stock system. Strictly speaking, the pilot reform of the shareholding system of state-owned enterprises and the establishment of the securities market are all carried out under the condition of very imperfect laws and regulations, so there is a situation that there are laws to follow and no rules to follow when it comes to the definition of property rights, equity income and the interests of millions of investors. Therefore, laws and regulations should be established and improved to help the joint-stock system play an active role in China's economic life.