What are the characteristics of the development of commercial cymbidium production in China?

The production of commercial cymbidium in China has gone through three stages: technical reserve period, initial production period and independent production period. The technology reserve period began in 1980s when China implemented reform and opening up. At that time, there was no commercial orchid production in China. As the initial stage, we should learn from commercial cymbidium producing countries, send relevant technicians to Thailand, Singapore, the United States, the Netherlands, Japan and South Korea for study, learn the techniques of cultivation, sales and export of commercial cymbidium in these countries, introduce some seedlings of commercial cymbidium varieties, and try to breed and cultivate them in China. At the same time, in order to speed up the production of commercial Phalaenopsis, the Ministry of Agriculture of China specially invited Japanese companies to set up a Phalaenopsis company in Hua Le, which mainly produces tissue culture seedlings and finished plants. Some scientific research institutions have also set up scientific research projects focusing on the production of Cymbidium hybridum, and achieved a lot of results. Some areas have invested huge sums of money to introduce foreign large-scale glass self-controlled greenhouses, trying to produce commercial orchids for export on a large scale, and planting cut flowers of Dendrobium nobile and Oncidium on a large scale according to Thailand's experience. However, due to the limited domestic cut flower market at that time, and the unfavorable factors such as poor quality and high cost, the products were sold to domestic and Hong Kong and Macao markets in small quantities, making ends meet, and finally ended in a bleak situation, which became the failure lesson of blindly launching the production of cut flowers of cymbidium at that time because of the lack of conditions.

The 1990s became the beginning of commercial orchid production in China. At that time, China's economy developed rapidly, and the social consumption and technical resources of Cymbidium hybridum began to meet the production conditions of commercial Cymbidium hybridum, which led to the emergence of large-scale Cymbidium hybridum companies and smaller production plants in China. Beijing Yanjiao Orchid Company was first established in 199 1, which was jointly invested by the then Ministry of Iron and Steel and the State Science and Technology Commission. Lanzhou Orchid Company provided seedlings and technology, but failed for various reasons. In the mid-1990s, Japan established a large-scale Qingcheng Orchid Company in Kunming, Yunnan Province, mainly producing potted Phalaenopsis, most of which were sold back to Japan. In the same period, the State Science and Technology Commission cooperated with the Yunnan Provincial Government to establish the Zheng Jing Orchid Company, which is also located in Kunming, and its products and scale are equivalent to those of Qingcheng Orchid Company. At the end of 1990s, many orchid companies in Taiwan Province Province of China saw the infinite business opportunities of orchid production in Chinese mainland, and set up Phalaenopsis production plants in Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian, Beijing and Shanghai in China to cultivate Phalaenopsis potted flowers in greenhouses. At the same time, in tropical areas of China, such as Sanya, Hainan, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and other places, a number of field plantations have been established to produce cut flowers of Dendrobium nobile and Oncidium, which have achieved good results for the domestic flower market at low prices and high quality.

In the new century, with China's entry into WTO, the commercial production of Phalaenopsis has become the main project of domestic flower production. With the surge of domestic demand for Phalaenopsis, especially the Phalaenopsis potted flower, which is the protagonist of the Spring Fair, has become a best-selling variety, which makes the production field of Phalaenopsis potted flower blossom everywhere in China. Almost all major cities have set up greenhouses for Phalaenopsis planting, which greatly increases the output of Phalaenopsis potted flower in China, and its price ranges from 80 ~ 100 yuan. In addition to Phalaenopsis potted flowers, there are also some orchid plants that produce commercial potted flowers, such as Cymbidium hybridum, Paphiopedilum, Oncidium, Dendrobium nobile and Cattleya. It supplies the domestic flower market and the Lunar New Year Fair every year and becomes the best-selling flower product.