During the Qin and Han Dynasties, dyes were more abundant and the dyeing process was very developed. Heavy dyeing? Batik, deepening and strengthening colors and other technologies? The dyeing and weaving industry in Qin and Han dynasties developed to an unprecedented prosperity on the basis of the warring States period?
Breakthrough progress has also been made in painting and printing technology, among which relief printing technology fully reflects the printing and dyeing skill level in Qin and Han dynasties in China?
Are the dyes in Qin and Han Dynasties plant dyes? The application of animal dyes or mineral dyes has made great achievements.
In ancient China, most of the dyes were natural minerals or plant dyes, mainly plant dyes? In ancient times, the primary color was green? Red? Yellow? White? Black is called "five colors"? Can you mix the three primary colors to get an intermediate color, that is, multiple colors?
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, fabrics were dyed blue? Red? Yellow? White? Black, is there a mature technology? Cyan is mainly dyed with indigo extracted from bluegrass? In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Malan had become an important cash crop in northern China? Is there a professional blue-producing area in Chenliu, Henan?
Zhao Qi, a scholar in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, passed by Chenliu and saw grass growing everywhere on the mountain. He wrote an article "Blue Fu" with great interest, and the preface said: "I went to see a doctor and stayed in Chenliu. People in this area make a living by planting blue dyes?"
Red is mainly dyed with madder? Large-scale planting of madder in Han Dynasty? At that time, a kind of safflower was introduced from the western regions? The red color dyed with madder is called "crimson", which is close to the so-called Turkish red in modern times. And the red dyed with safflower is called "Zhen Hong", which has the reputation that "the color of safflower covers thousands of flowers, and the blood of orangutans is not added"?
Yellow is mainly dyed by gardenia? Gardenia fruit contains anthocyanin yellow pigment, which is a direct dye and dyed yellow with reddish color. It is recorded in Hanshu Official Documents Compilation of Laws and Regulations of the Han Dynasty that "two money was dyed from the garden for royal clothes", which means that Gardenia was also used to dye the most advanced clothes at that time.
White can be painted with natural mineral sericite, but it is mainly bleached? Bleaching is the process of changing fabrics from bleaching to white with chemical solvents? Bleaching raw silk, removing sericin with strong alkali. Bleached hemp, plant ash and lime are used for repeated soaking and cooking?
Black is mainly made of oak? Acorn? Gallnut? Persimmon leaves? Hollyleaf? Chestnut shell? Lotus seed shell? Rat tail leaf? Chinese tallow leaves, etc? These plants contain tannic acid, which will form a black precipitate on the fabric when it reacts with iron? This color has stable properties, can withstand sun exposure and water washing, and is not easy to fall off or seldom falls off?
With the development of production and the needs of life, people's demand for plant dyes is increasing, so people who planted grass and dyed grass appeared in the Han Dynasty?
Sima Qian, a historian of the Han Dynasty, recorded in Records of the Historian and Biographies of Huo Zhi: "A thousand acres of gardenia and a thousand acres of ginger leeks, is everyone treating thousands of households?" Explain the grand occasion of planting gardenias at that time? After safflower was introduced into the Central Plains, people who cultivated safflower as their profession also appeared?
Cinnabar was the main mineral pigment in Qin and Han Dynasties. At that time, the production scale was expanding day by day, and it gradually became a widely used pigment? Besides, batik technology appeared?
Among a large number of painted printed silk fabrics unearthed from Mawangdui No.1 Han Tomb, many red patterns are painted with vermilion? If there is a silk robe made of cinnabar diamonds, is it dyed with cinnabar?
Cinnabar particles were finely and evenly ground, and its color is still very bright, which shows that the technical level of using cinnabar by working people in China during the Western Han Dynasty was quite high?
After the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the development of alchemy, artificial mercury sulfide was synthesized. In ancient times, artificial mercury sulfide was called cinnabar or purple powder cream to distinguish it from natural cinnabar. Sulfur and mercury are mainly extracted by sublimation reaction in special containers?
Printing and dyeing technology in Qin and Han dynasties