1. Material selection of rocks: Landscape bonsai is a landscape composed of mountains, stones, grass and trees arranged in a basin. Rock material is the main material for landscape bonsai creation. There are many kinds of rocks, most of which are excavated from nature, and their texture, color and grain are all natural. When selecting materials, we should first pay attention to the natural characteristics of stone materials and determine the shape suitable for that natural landscape. If a group of sandstone with vertical and simple grain, long shape and natural outline is selected as the material of a bonsai, it is certain that these materials are most suitable for the modeling landscape with steep sword peaks and high towering heights. When selecting materials, it should be noted that the texture, type and grain of materials must be unified.
2. Knock and cut the outline of the mountain: When we choose materials for bonsai, we must first observe the top outline of the stone, which will lead to ideas and repeated scrutiny. Whether it is hard stone or soft stone, when the outline arrangement is not obvious, it should be knocked and cut to make it undulating and rhythmic.
Third, sawing: Many times, a stone can't form a complete picture of a bonsai, and many stones need to be combined into a landscape. However, stone materials are generally natural and unprocessed, and must be sawed, connected and bonded according to landscape requirements. Stone can be sawed with a cutting machine or hacksaw, or hammered and leveled. Then use cement or clay to color, or use other adhesives to bond and shape.
4. Grain arrangement and strewn at random: Generally speaking, a bonsai requires roughly the same grain on the stone body to make the landscape picture more unified. However, due to the differences of stones themselves, it is sometimes necessary to sort out some stones with inconspicuous textures or large differences in textures on the premise of choosing natural lines with consistent textures as much as possible. Particle sorting is generally carried out by picking, digging, knocking and sawing, depending on the soft and hard properties of stone. If some textures can't be sorted out, they can be pieced together with stones with roughly the same color to form a large surface with obvious concave-convex patterns.
2. The shape and style of landscape bonsai
Creative conception is an important part of bonsai creation. The creative conception of bonsai is actually a process of determining, conceiving and expressing artistic conception. Generally speaking, there are two expressions:
(1) Make an idea first, and then choose appropriate trees, stones and mountains according to this idea. The arrangement and combination of grass and other materials in the basin space completed this idea.
(2) According to the specific morphological characteristics of mountains, grass, trees and stones, some ideas are generated, and then the morphological characteristics of these mountains, stones, grass and trees are conceived and used to arrange and combine to complete a certain landscape and artistic conception. Because the landscape composition of bonsai is limited by modeling materials, this conception method is to combine the common ideas of rock modeling and various combined bonsai.
Generally speaking, landscape bonsai has the theory of landscape modeling opening and closing, and complex landscape bonsai composed of mountains generally has the method of opening and closing for a while, two times or three times. Opening and closing is a complete mountain scene such as scattered stones between the subject and the object in the landscape bonsai. When mountains are placed in a basin, they can form a visual unit with the spatial position in the basin. Because of the "tension" in the sense of composition (omni-directional and bidirectional radiation), people's visual psychology has a sense of expansion (that is, "potential"), which has the effect of occupying space. At the same time, because it is directional in three-dimensional space (such as the direction of mountains in a basin), it occupies space asymmetrically, forming a sense of movement in people's visual psychology and pictures. The reason for the movement is actually the imbalance caused by the radiation of the unfolding lines of visual units such as points or blocks in the picture, which is related to the position of the mountain facet in the "perfect space".
In the modeling of rock landscape, contrast and contrast are also very important. The meanings of contrast and contrast are relatively broad and relative. For example, the contrast between big and small, the contrast between subject and object, the contrast between sparse and dense, the contrast between hidden and exposed, and so on. The contrast between emptiness and reality, front and back, stone and tree should be reflected according to the theme and technique of creation. Only by mastering the law of creation can we "use magic and concentrate on it wholeheartedly".
3. Application of loose stones in landscape
The subject-object stone of landscape bonsai is very important in the basin, and its charm, volume and posture are directly related to the artistic conception of the work. However, whether their functions are outstanding or not is related to the use of loose stones, which are usually ignored as a foil.
Scattered stones are a kind of foil placed in the blank space of landscape bonsai in groups, which has the nature of "point" in the sense of composition and is a visual unit with spatial position. When people focus on it, it produces a sense of expansion in people's visual psychology, so it can play the role of occupying space and dividing space itself.
The role of loose stones is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
As the foil of the main peak and guest peak in bonsai, bonsai is characterized by its small size, but no matter how big the bonsai is, the volumes of the main peak and guest peak are limited. In order to make people feel that "one peak is too beautiful to be found everywhere", it is necessary to highlight the main peak and the guest bee with some low foil, so that it appears much larger than the actual existence and increases the sense of volume.
As the division of leaving blank at the foot of the mountain, bonsai is a three-dimensional shape. It is impossible to suspend the mountain in mid-air like a landscape painting, and omit it with clouds or something else below. The rocks in the basin must take root and stand firm. When we put the subject and object rocks into the basin, the remaining blank needs to be carefully handled. The jargon of bonsai industry "the peak is good, but the foot is difficult to handle" refers to this process. The compassion of scattered stones is the treatment and division of the gap at the foot of the mountain. As mentioned above, scattered stones have a sense of expansion and a tension effect in people's visual psychology, so that they can play a role in occupying space in the blank. Therefore, if the scattered stones are arranged properly, the water surface at the foot of the mountain can be reasonably divided and varied. (Scattered stones act as nodes in open and closed modes)
In landscape bonsai, especially in an open-close bonsai, it plays the role of "knot": as we know, in bonsai, especially in an open-close bonsai, the arrangement of their directions generally includes four links: "starting, bearing, turning and knot". The so-called "building momentum at different levels" refers to the organic combination of these four links. Scattered stones are such a "node", which plays a closing role in a vivid overall picture and plays a final role in explaining the development of the mountain.
4. Planting of plants and decoration of accessories
After the rock combination modeling of landscape bonsai is completed, plants should be planted and accessories should be decorated. The painting theory says: "The body of the mountain, the stone is the bone, the tree is the clothes, and the balcony pavilion bridge is its decoration." Stone is an inanimate modeling entity, while tree is a symbol of its landscape life. The jargon says, "A stone stands well, but it is difficult to plant a plant." This shows the importance of plants in rock bonsai. Experts have a feeling that bonsai landscape is actually half finished after rocks are formed and plants are planted. Usually, more energy and time are spent on plants than on stone combinations.
Plants should be planted with thin leaves and short branches, and different plants should be planted in different landscapes. For example, if you have a lonely mountain landscape, you can choose a stout and old-fashioned plant; The peaks stand on the wall, and you can choose the combination of lush jungle planting; The gentle hillside is dotted with short plants. At the same time, you can use contrast, embellishment, insertion, flying out, overlapping, close planting and other methods to do specific operations. However, we should pay attention to the law of "Zhang Shan Shu Chi" in the general proportion of planting law, and it is better to plant according to the composition principle of "starting, knot, turning, knot and closing" in general.
Accessories are the starting point or foil of landscape bonsai, but it should be noted that landscape bonsai creation should not be based on ornament accessories, but on landscape modeling. Ornaments should not be placed in a heap, should be hidden and not exposed, and the density is moderate. It is necessary to emphasize the principle of "near the big and far from the small" and the perspective relationship.
The production of landscape bonsai is not only painstaking, but also the beautiful scenery produced conforms to the pattern in your mind. In the process of making landscape bonsai, users should first fix a theme and then look for their favorite stones. Different rocks represent different areas. After carving some rocks, it is a beautiful scenery like running water.