The main business income occurs at the lender's place, and should be transferred from the borrower to the profit credit of this year at the end of each month. After the carry-over, the main business income has no balance at the end of the month, and there is no loan difference. Fill in the cumulative amount of the current fiscal year in the cumulative column. The specific situation can be treated in a specific way. The main business income can record the amount of this month or set the cumulative amount column.
The calculation of main business income generally includes the following concentration:
Income from construction contract:
1. Construction contract and construction contract income
(1) Construction contracts refer to contracts concluded for the construction of one or more assets that are closely related in design, technology, function and end use, including fixed-cost contracts and cost-plus contracts.
(2) The contract income of construction projects includes the initial income stipulated in the contract and the income from contract changes, claims and rewards.
If the result of the construction contract can be reliably estimated, the contract income and related contract expenses shall be confirmed by the percentage of completion method on the balance sheet date.
13. Under the completion rate method, the following formula should be used to calculate the contract income and contract expenses confirmed in the current period:
(1) Contract revenue confirmed in current period = (total contract revenue × completion progress)-Cumulative revenue confirmed in previous fiscal years.
⑵ Contract gross profit confirmed in the current period = (total contract revenue-estimated total contract cost) × completion progress-accumulated gross profit confirmed in previous fiscal years.
⑶ Contract cost confirmed in the current period = contract income confirmed in the current period-contract gross profit confirmed in the current period-estimated loss reserve in previous fiscal years.
4. If the result of the construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, the contract income cannot be determined by the percentage of completion. If the contract cost can be recovered at this time, the income shall be recognized according to the actual recoverable contract cost; When the contract cost cannot be recovered, revenue is not recognized.
Installment sales:
1. Installment sales refers to a sales method in which the goods have been delivered, but the payment is recovered by installments. Installment sales are characterized by large value of goods sold, long collection period and high collection risk. Therefore, under the installment sales model, enterprises should confirm the sales revenue by installments according to the payment date agreed in the contract.
Income statement of main business
2. Enterprises that adopt the method of installment sales should set up the subject of "goods issued by installment" to account for the cost of goods that have been issued but have not been carried forward.
3. Example of accounting treatment for installment sales:
[Example] Dahua Company sold product A by stages on June 1 day of 20X0, with a price of 500,000 yuan, a VAT rate of 17% and an actual cost of 300,000 yuan. The contract payment will be recovered in five years, and the annual payment date is June of that year 1, and the first futures payment will be paid after the goods are delivered. Recover the payment for goods every year 100000 yuan (500000 ÷ 5).
The enterprise shall make the following accounting entries (assuming that all conditions for revenue recognition of sales commodities are met):
(1) When distributing goods:
Borrow: 300,000 installments.
Credit: 300,000 items in stock.
② Every June 1:
Debit: accounts receivable (or bank deposit) 1 17 000.
Loan: main business income 100 000.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 17 000
③ Cost of goods carried forward at the same time = 300,000 ÷ 500,000×100,000 = 60,000 yuan.
Debit: The main business cost is 60,000 yuan.
Credit: 60,000 installments.
Sales returns and sales discounts:
[Example 1] Dahua Company sells a batch of goods to Daxing Company. The price on the VAT invoice is 80,000 yuan, and the VAT amount is 13 600 yuan. After the goods arrived, the buyer found that the quality of the goods was unqualified and asked for a 5% discount on the price.
① When sales are realized, Dahua Company shall make the following accounting entries:
Debit: Accounts receivable-Daxing Enterprise 93 600
Loan: The main business income is 80,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 13 600
② When issuing sales discounts:
Debit: the income from main business is 4,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 680
Loans: Accounts Receivable-Daxing Enterprise 4 680
③ When the payment is actually received:
Debit: Bank deposit 88 920
Loans: Accounts Receivable-Daxing Enterprise 88 920
[Example 2] If Daxing Company requests to return the goods in the above example, then
① When sales are realized, Dahua Company shall make the following accounting entries:
Debit: Accounts receivable-Daxing Enterprise 93 600
Loan: The main business income is 80,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 13 600
(2) when issuing sales returns:
Debit: The income from main business is 80,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 13 600
Loans: Accounts Receivable-Daxing Enterprise 93 600
Sales involving cash discounts:
[Example] Dahua Company sold 1 00 pieces in May/year, 20x 1, and the value-added tax invoice indicated the payment 10000 yuan, and the value-added tax 1700 yuan. In order to recover the payment as soon as possible, the cash discount clauses stipulated in the contract are as follows:
2/ 10- 1/20-n/30, assuming that the value-added tax is not considered when calculating the discount. The company uses the total price method to calculate the cash discount.
(1) When1sales volume is realized in May, the revenue is calculated based on the total sales price:
Debit: accounts receivable 1 1 700.
Loan: main business income 10 000.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 1 700
(2) The buyer pays off the payment on May 9th and enjoys a cash discount of 2% of the selling price. 200 yuan (10000× 2%), Dahua Company records:
Debit: bank deposit 1 1 500.
Financial expenses 200
Credit: accounts receivable 1 1 700.
(3) If the buyer pays off the payment on May 8, 2008, he shall enjoy a cash discount of 1000 yuan (10000× 10%) according to the selling price. Dahua Company shall record:
Debit: bank deposit 1 1 600.
Financial expenses 100
Credit: accounts receivable 1 1 700.
(4) If the buyer fails to pay before the end of May, it shall pay in full. Dahua Company records:
Debit: bank deposit 1 1 700.
Credit: accounts receivable 1 1 700.
Income from labor services that do not cross the year:
Labor income that does not cross the year shall be accounted for in accordance with the completed contract law.
[Example] A laundry company completed the washing of a batch of clothes for a hotel, and when it received the clothes at the hotel, it obtained a check for 3000 yuan and deposited it in the bank, so the laundry company should record:
Debit: 3,000 pounds in the bank.
Loan: The main business income is 3,000 yuan.
Payment and delivery of sales:
[Example] Dahua Company sold 500 pieces of commodity A to Nanshan Company on September 15, and the special VAT invoice indicated that the price of the commodity was 42,735 yuan and the VAT was 7,265 yuan, which was 50,000 yuan. The goods are sent out, and the transfer check from Nanshan Company is received and the entry formalities are completed. The entries are as follows:
Debit: Bank 50,000.
Loans: income from main business 42 735
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 7 265
If Dahua Company receives the commercial draft drawn and accepted by Nanshan Company in this case, Dahua Company shall record:
Debit: notes receivable 50 000.
Loans: income from main business 42 735
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 7 265
Sale by collection, acceptance or entrustment ['kk] n.Dahua Company sold 500 pieces of commodity A to Nanshan Company on September 15 as agreed in the contract. The special VAT invoice lists the price of goods as 42,735 yuan, and the VAT is 7,265 yuan, which is 50,000 yuan. When the goods are sent out, Dahua Company pays the freight of 2000 yuan by bank deposit (the invoice has been forwarded). Payment for goods and prepaid freight have been collected from the bank, and the receipt of collection and acceptance settlement voucher has been obtained. The entries are as follows:
Debit: Accounts receivable-Nanshan Company 52 000.
Loans: income from main business 42 735
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 7 265
Bank deposit 2 000
When the Company receives the payment acceptance notice and prepaid freight of 52,000 yuan from the bank, it shall record:
Debit: 52 000 in the bank.
Loan: Accounts receivable-Nanshan Company 52 000.
Advance payment ['advance payment] n.Dahua company is a general taxpayer of value-added tax. According to the contract, on May 8, the company received a payment of 6,000 yuan in advance from Ding Company. On June 5, 65438, the company sent 200 pieces of product A to Ding Company at a price of10,000 yuan, and the value-added tax payable was 1 700 yuan.
(1) On May 8th, when the company receives the payment in advance from Company D, it shall record:
Debit: 6,000 pounds in the bank.
Loan: Accounts received in advance-Company D borrowed 6,000 yuan.
2. In May of 15, when the company issues goods to Company D, it shall record:
Debit: accounts received in advance-Ding Company 1 1 700.
Loan: main business income 10 000.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 1 700
(3) On May 25th, the enterprise shall record:
Debit: Bank deposit 5,700.
Loan: accounts received in advance ── Company D 5 700 yuan.
Sales of export commodities ['fK] a. Dahua Company sells a batch of goods to overseas company A, and the payment is $20,000 calculated on FOB basis. When the goods are sent out and the documents are handed over to the bank, the exchange rate of the US dollar on that day is 8.80 yuan. The entries are as follows:
Debit: accounts receivable-company A- USD account (USD 20,000) ￥ 65,438+076,000.
Loan: main business income-export (US$ 20,000) ￥ 65,438+076,000.
After receiving the notice from the bank that the payment was received from company A, the exchange rate of the US dollar on that day was 8.70 yen. The entries are as follows:
Debit: Bank deposit-USD account (USD 20,000) ￥ 65,438+074,000.
Financial expenses-exchange gains and losses of 2000 yuan.
Credit: Accounts receivable-Company A- USD account (USD 20,000) ￥ 65,438+076,000.
It is regarded as a buyout sale (it is regarded as a buyout).
1. Consignment as a buyout means that the entrusting party and the entrusted party sign an agreement, and the entrusting party collects the consignment payment at the agreed price. The actual selling price can be decided by the Consignee, and the difference between the actual selling price and the agreed price belongs to all sales methods of the Consignee.
2. If the agreement between the entrusting party and the entrusted party clearly indicates that the entrusted party has nothing to do with whether the consigned goods can be sold or not, there is no substantial difference between the consigned goods transaction between the entrusting party and the entrusted party and the direct sale of goods by the entrusting party. When the confirmation conditions of sales revenue are met, the entrusting party shall confirm the relevant sales revenue.
13. Examples of accounting treatment in which consignment mode is regarded as buyout.
[Example] Enterprise A entrusts Enterprise B to sell goods A 100, and the agreed price is 100 yuan/piece. The cost of this commodity is 60 yuan/piece, and the VAT rate is 17%. Enterprise A receives the consignment list from enterprise B and issues a VAT invoice, which indicates that the selling price is 10000 yuan and the VAT is 1700 yuan. The value-added tax invoice issued by enterprise B in actual sales indicates that the selling price is12,000 yuan, and the value-added tax is 2,040 yuan.
(1) An enterprise shall make the following accounting entries:
(1) When an enterprise delivers goods to enterprise B:
Debit: accounts receivable-enterprise B 1 1 700.
Loan: main business income 10 000.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 1 700
Debit: The main business cost is 6,000 yuan.
Credit: 6,000 items in stock.
② Upon receipt of the payment for goods from 1 1 700 yuan remitted by Enterprise B:
Debit: bank deposit 1 1 700.
Credit: accounts receivable-enterprise B 1 1 700
(2) Enterprise B shall make the following accounting entries:
(1) When receiving the goods:
Borrow: Consigned goods 10 000.
Loan: Consigned goods 10 000.
(2) Actual sales:
Debit: bank deposit 14 040
Loan: main business income 12 000.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 2 040
Debit: main business cost 10 000.
Loan: Consigned goods 10 000.
Borrow: Consigned goods 10 000.
Loan: Accounts Payable-Enterprise A 10 000
(3) When making payment to Enterprise A according to the contract price:
Debit: Accounts Payable-Enterprise A 10 000
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 1 700
Loan: bank deposit 1 1 700.
Consignment sales:
Commission sales (charge commission)
1. Consignment is a sales method in which the trustee collects commission from the principal according to the quantity of goods on consignment. For the trustee, the fee charged is actually a kind of labor income.
3. In the case of collecting commission, the entrusting party shall confirm the income when the goods have been sold by the entrusting party and the entrusted list is drawn up to the entrusting party; After the goods are sold, the trustee shall confirm the income according to the handling fee that should be charged.
13. Examples of accounting treatment of commission collection methods.
[Example] Enterprise A entrusts Enterprise B to sell 100 commodity A, and the cost of this commodity is 60 yuan/piece. Suppose the consignment contract stipulates that enterprise B sells to customers at the price of 100 yuan per piece, and enterprise A pays the handling fee of enterprise B at the price of 10%. When enterprise B actually sells, it will issue a special VAT invoice to the buyer, indicating that the price of commodity A is 1 ten thousand yuan and the VAT is 1 700 yuan. After receiving the consignment list submitted by enterprise B, enterprise A issues a VAT invoice with the same amount to enterprise B. ..
(1) An enterprise shall make the following accounting entries:
(1) When enterprise A delivers commodity A to enterprise B:
Borrow: 6 000 consignment goods.
Credit: 6,000 items in stock.
(2) when enterprise a receives the commission:
Debit: accounts receivable-enterprise B 1 1 700.
Loan: main business income 10 000.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 1 700
Borrow: Operating expenses-handling fee 1 000.
Loan: Accounts receivable-Enterprise B 1 000
(3) When receiving the net payment 10700 yuan (1kloc-0/700-1000) remitted by enterprise B:
Debit: bank deposit 10 700
Loan: Accounts receivable-Enterprise B 10 700
(2) Enterprise B shall make the following accounting entries:
(1) When receiving the goods:
Borrow: Consigned goods 10 000.
Loan: Consigned goods 10 000.
(2) Actual sales:
Debit: bank deposit 1 1 700.
Loan: Accounts Payable-Enterprise A 10 000
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 1 700
Borrow: Taxes payable-VAT payable (input tax) 1 700.
Loan: Accounts Payable-Enterprise A 1 700
Borrow: Consigned goods 10 000.
Loan: Consigned goods 10 000.
③ When returning the loan of Enterprise A and calculating the commission:
Debit: accounts payable-enterprise A 1 1 700.
Loan: bank deposit 10 700.
The income from main business is 1 000.
The result of the transaction can be reliably estimated:
Inter-annual labor service transaction (the transaction result can be reliably estimated)
The beginning and completion of labor services belong to different accounting years. Under the condition that the result of providing labor service transactions can be estimated reliably, the enterprise shall confirm the relevant labor service income according to the percentage completion method on the balance sheet date. The degree of completion of labor services should be determined according to the measurement of completed work, the proportion of labor services provided to the total amount of labor services to be provided or the proportion of incurred costs to the estimated total cost.
4. When the percentage of completion method is adopted to confirm the income, the income and related expenses shall be calculated according to the following formula:
(1) Revenue recognized in this year = total labor revenue × labor services completed at the end of this year-revenue recognized in previous years.
② Expenses confirmed this year = total cost of labor services × degree of completion of labor services at the end of this year-expenses confirmed in previous years.
3. Examples of accounting treatment
[Example] A property management company signed a service contract with a customer. According to the contract, the service period is from July 1 year to June 30, 20X3, and the total service fee is 60,000 yuan. The customer pays in three equal installments in July 1, June 30, 20X2 and 20X3 respectively. The annual fees are as follows:
year
20X 1
20X2
20X3
total
Cost incurred
16 000
22 000
10 000
48 000
The income of this service is confirmed by the percentage of completion method, and the corresponding cost is carried forward. Determine the completion degree of the service according to the time proportion.
In addition to the above methods, there are:
1. Tax planning of income that is not recorded according to the time when the tax obligation occurs.
The failure of an enterprise to pay taxes according to the time when the tax obligation occurs mainly means that the enterprise fails to follow the accrual principle, and the corresponding sales revenue is delayed or credited to the current account without being transferred to the sales revenue in time. In tax planning, we should pay attention to: (1) check whether the sales of enterprises are reasonable, and check by confirming the sales methods of enterprises. For general sales business, such as payment and delivery, entrusted collection, collection and acceptance, sales establishment has two signs. First, the goods and products have been issued; Second, the money has been received, or a receipt for the money has been obtained. For other sales methods, according to financial practice, the realization time of income is determined respectively. ⑵ Check the original vouchers such as sales invoice and freight settlement of the enterprise, and find out whether the sales invoice of the enterprise has been issued and whether the commodity products have occurred in combination with the credit subsidiary ledger and product (commodity) outbound order of the enterprise's finished products, self-made semi-finished products, inventory goods and production costs.
(3) Review the records of cash books, deposit journals, accounts receivable ledgers and accounts receivable ledgers, and compare relevant accounting vouchers with product sales contracts to find out whether the enterprise has obtained the payment for goods or the voucher requesting payment for goods, and whether there is a phenomenon that the sales income should be recorded in the current account for a long time and the sales income is unclear.
(4) Check the credit subsidiary ledger of "main business income", and check the original vouchers of enterprise sales with the entry time of sales income to see if they are consistent. If not, further review the relevant accounting vouchers and original vouchers of the enterprise to find out whether the enterprise deliberately delays the entry of income.
Tax planning of sales returns, discounts and discounts.
The sales return of an enterprise, whether in the current year or in the previous year, should offset the current sales income. If an enterprise sells goods at a discount, if the sales amount and discount amount are indicated separately on the same invoice. Sales returns, discounts and discounts occur in enterprises, and virtual sales returns will occur in actual work, or the sales amount and discount amount are not on the same invoice, but the discount amount will be deducted from the sales amount.