1, chip
At present, China's chips are relatively backward in both manufacturing technology and mass production. At present, Huawei has produced a 5-nanometer chip, but other domestic companies have not reached this level, and most of them stay at 14 nanometer. The United States, Japan and South Korea have already exceeded 2 ~ 3 nanometers, even to 1 nanometer.
2. Mask aligner
China's mask aligner has reached 14 nm mass production, and some countries will start mass production at 4 nm, 3 nm or even 2 nm. We still have a certain gap!
3. Photoresist
At present, the resistance of photoresist abroad can reach 10 15, but it basically stays at10/0 at home. still
Mask aligner coolant and mask aligner immersion system are relatively backward in mask aligner.
4. Mobile phone RF equipment
The top five suppliers of mobile phone RF front-end devices are all foreign countries, accounting for 97% of the global market share. They are Skyworks, Qorvo, Broadcom, Qualcomm, Qualcomm and Murata. Now China has also broken through the RF devices of 5G mobile phones, but there is still a gap.
Second, the Internet field.
1, root server
At present, according to the data, there are 13 root servers, but there are nearly 1000 mirror servers of domain name root servers, but some people say that there are many root servers, but they did not disclose them. The root server in China is a primary server and three secondary servers, while China does not have its own root server. In 20 19, China began to build its own domain name root servers (F, I, K, L root mirror servers).
2. Operating system
The mobile phone system is now imported from Huawei in China to HarmonyOS system, and now the operating system of HarmonyOS system is developing well. Computer operating system, now basically windows system, although there are computer operations in China, but it is not so easy to popularize. It is worth mentioning that China's database management system has reached the top ranks in the world.
3. Industrial software
CAD (Computer Aided Design), CAE (Computer Aided Engineering), CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing), CDE (Public Desktop Environment, a tool for automatically packaging the code, data and environment involved in running Linux commands), ALM (Solution for a series of applications), AEC (Automatic Exposure Control) and EDA (Electronic Automation).
MCAD (Computer Aided Manufacturing Design), ERP (Manufacturing Enterprise Core Management Software), MES (Manufacturing Execution System), PLM (Product Lifecycle Management Software), CAPP (Manufacturing Parts Processing Technology), SCM (Supply Chain Management System), FEA (Finite Element Analysis Software), DCS (Distributed Control System) and APC (Automatic Position Control System).
Core industrial software and aviation design software such as APS (Advanced Dispatching System), Maya (3D Animation Software), 3DMAX (3D Animation and Modeling Rendering).
At present, some core industrial software in China is still controlled by people, and some software such as domestic CAD is also under development.
4. Programming software
China's programming software and programming language are still relatively backward at present. It is said that Huawei is developing Chinese software for warehouse recording programming.
5. Browser kernel
At present, most of our country use IE browser kernel. Recently, Huawei began to develop browser kernel.
Third, the field of machine tools.
In the field of high-end machine tools, it relies on imports. The competition in the field of low-end machine tools is fierce.
Fourth, the engine field.
1, automobile engine
China's automobile engines have always been monopolized. Although China can manufacture domestic engines now, it is still relatively backward in the field of high-end automobile engines. At present, China Weichai Power has been at the forefront of the world in the field of diesel engines. However, there is still no major breakthrough in gasoline engines. The highest level in gasoline engine field is in Europe, America and Japan.
2. Aeroengine
China has made some breakthroughs in the field of aero-engines and caught up with the advanced level in the world. China's c9 19 flight test was successful, and the J-20 was mass-produced, which was a successful performance of China aero-engine.
3. Aeroengine nacelle
The nacelle, that is, the cabin where the engine is placed on the plane, looks like a fairing, which is mainly composed of the engine inlet, fairing and tail nozzle. It plays the role of rectification, noise reduction and protection, and provides a platform for installing some engine accessories. Nacelle belongs to cryogenic component technology and is one of the most important core components of aviation propulsion system.
4. Airworthiness standards
Simply put, it is to meet the standards of flight release, and make corresponding requirements and regulations from the beginning of aircraft design, research and development, manufacturing, experiment, flight test, verification, operation and maintenance, and more than 50 dimensional inspections. There are mainly FAA and EASA airworthiness standards in the world and also in China, but only these two are internationally recognized.
5, heavy gas turbine
China's latest R0 1 10 heavy-duty gas turbine broke the monopoly of Europe and America for decades, and now it has reached 100% domestic production, playing an important role in aircraft carriers and warships.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) steel field
1, aviation steel
China's aviation steel field is now at the advanced level in the world, as well as high-strength special steel for aircraft carriers, and China has broken the monopoly.
2. High-end bearing steel
Once upon a time, China's high-end bearing steel got stuck around her neck. At present, bearing steel in China is OEM by Japanese companies and has not been found. China's high-end bearing steel has broken the monopoly, but there is still a gap in high-end bearing steel, and the gap is getting smaller and smaller.
3, high strength stainless steel
China's high-strength stainless steel used to be monopolized, but now it has finally broken the monopoly and taken the lead in the world.
4, milling cutter
Milling cutter is a kind of rotary cutter with one or more teeth, which is used for milling. When working, the cutter teeth intermittently cut off the redundant parts of the workpiece. Milling cutters are mainly used for machining planes, steps, grooves, forming surfaces and cutting off workpieces on milling machines. China has developed the smallest milling cutter in the world with a diameter of 0.01mm. Compared with the world, there is still a gap in China's milling cutter.
Sixth, the field of robots.
1, tactile sensor
Tactile sensor is a sensor used by robots to imitate tactile function. According to the function, it can be divided into contact sensor, force torque sensor, pressure sensor and sliding sensor. Japan leads the world in tactile sensors, but there is still a gap in China. Like the present hyperuniverse, the demand for tactile sensors will increase.
2. The core algorithm of robot
Robot algorithms can be divided into perception algorithms and control algorithms. Perception algorithm is generally path planning, while control algorithm is generally divided into decision algorithm and motion control algorithm. Environmental awareness algorithm obtains all kinds of environmental data, which usually refers to image recognition seen by robot vision.
Robots can be divided into service robots and industrial robots. Compared with the advanced industrial robots in the world, there is still a big gap in the failure rate, stability and usability of industrial robots. Japan (Fanuc), Japan (An Chuan), Germany (KUKA) and Switzerland (ABB).
Service robots include bionic robots, sweeping robots, companion robots, medical robots, commercial office robots, logistics robots, balance robots and so on.
Seven. Biomedical field
1, iCLIP technology
It is one of the most critical technologies for innovative drug research and development. It can determine where RNA and protein meet, and even read the site code.
2, medical imaging equipment components
It is an important physical component of the signal transmitting and receiving part. Medical imaging equipment can be divided into six categories: magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonic imaging, nuclear medical imaging, optical imaging, thermal imaging and X-ray imaging. At present, China still relies on imports, and Switzerland is more advanced in this respect.
3. microspheres
Microsphere refers to a particle dispersion system formed by drug dispersion or adsorption in polymer matrix.
4. Scanning electron microscope
It is a microscopic observation method between transmission electron microscope and optical microscope, and can directly use the material characteristics of sample surface materials for microscopic imaging.
Seven. Battery power supply field
1, high-side capacitance resistance
It is the most used basic component in the consumer electronics industry. Japanese products can reach 1000 floors, while China has only 300 floors. The low-end field is ok, but the gap in the high-end field is still large. China consumes trillions of pieces every year.
2. Underwater connector
China has a 2000m underwater plug-in connector project.
3. Key technologies of fuel cell
Core technologies such as membrane electrode assembly, bipolar plate and sealing element are still in the verification stage in China. The key technology is in the hands of the United States, Japan and Europe.
4. High end welding power supply
The underwater welding robot technology in China is limited by the high-end welding power supply technology. China is a big manufacturing country and the largest German welding power source manufacturing base in the world. Our country has not broken the monopoly! Now this technology is mainly in the hands of the United States and Japan.
5, lithium battery diaphragm
In the structure of lithium battery, the diaphragm is one of the key internal components. In the low-end market, China can already replace it, while in the high-end market, China still depends on imports.
Eight. Industrial field
1, ultra-precision polishing
Ultra-precision polishing belt is made of micron, submicron or nano grinding powder (diamond, silicon carbide, alumina, etc.) uniformly dispersed by advanced precision coating technology. ) and a new polymer adhesive material, and then coating it on the surface of a high-strength film, and then processing it by high-precision cutting technology.
2. Epoxy resin
Epoxy resin refers to a polymer containing more than two epoxy groups in its molecule, which is a polycondensation product of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A or polyol. At present, the price of epoxy resin in China has been rising all the way, and it is hard to find a product.
At present, the scale of epoxy resin plant in China is not economical enough, the product specificity is low and the product quality stability is not good. Now the main manufacturers are in the United States, Total, kops and other companies.
3. Vacuum evaporator
It is a method of heating the substance to be evaporated in the evaporation container under vacuum condition, so that its atoms or molecules escape from the surface to form steam flow, which enters the substrate or the surface of the substrate and condenses into a solid film. It has always been monopolized by Japan and South Korea, and one is as high as 700 million, which is as difficult as mask aligner. China has made a breakthrough now, but there is still a gap with the advanced level.