In a broad sense, chips include integrated circuits, sensors, discrete devices and photoelectric devices, while in a narrow sense, chips refer to integrated circuits. Wafer manufacturing is mainly wafer foundry.
The major foundry companies in the world are TSMC, Global Foundry Company, UMC, SMIC, Tajueshi, Visa, Huahong, Fixed Hitec, X-Fab and SSMC. Among them, SMIC and Hua Hong are Chinese mainland enterprises. Mainland enterprises also include Sanan Optoelectronics, Silanwei, Huali Microelectronics, Changxin Storage, Puhua Storage and Changjiang Storage.