In the original plan, TGV will be towed by gas turbine-electric locomotive. But in the end, the gas turbine engine was adopted, because it is small in size and high in unit power, and can be used for long-term high-power traction. The first prototype locomotive TGV 00 1 is the only locomotive equipped with this engine in TGV. However, with the 1973 energy crisis, oil prices soared, so gas turbine engines were abandoned. TGV is switched to electric locomotive, and electricity is transmitted from the newly-built nuclear power plant in France through overhead lines.
TGV00 1 is used to test high-speed braking, high-speed aerodynamics and signal system. TGV00 1 adopts articulated technology, that is, a bogie is used between two cars, and the two cars can move relatively freely. TGV00 1 hour can reach 318km, and it is the highest speed holder of non-electric traction trains. The exterior and interior of TGV00 1 were designed by French-born designer Jacques Cooper, which later became the design basis of all TGV trains, including the distinctive locomotive nose.
After the TGV train switched to electric traction, the original design was greatly adjusted. The prototype of the first electric traction locomotive was completed in 1974, and it was called "Zeblon". Zebillings carried out pantograph, suspension and braking tests, and * * * ran about 65,438+0,000,000 kilometers.
From 65438 to 0976, the French government funded the TGV project, and the first LGV, the southeast line of the French high-speed railway, started construction.
The first TGV train was delivered on April 25th 1980 after the two trains before mass production were fully tested and modified. 1981On September 27th, the TGV system running between Paris and Lyon was officially opened to the public. TGV's initial target customers are business people who travel between the two cities, but soon people outside the target market increasingly like to take this fast and practical means of transportation.
Since then, France has built more and more high-speed railways, including the French high-speed railway Atlantic Line (Paris to Tours and Le Mans, starting from 1985 and operating from 1989), the northern line (Paris to the border of Calais and Belgium, starting from 1989 and operating from 1993) and Rona. 1990 started, 1992 operated), Mediterranean line (Vallance to Marseille, 1996 started, 200 1 operated), and eastern line (Paris to Strasbourg, started in 2002 and operated in 2007). Belgium, the Netherlands and Britain have also built high-speed railway lines based on LGV technology, which are connected with French railways. Eurostar was put into operation on 1994, connecting continental Europe and Britain through the Anglo-French cross-harbour tunnel.
TGV trains designed for tunnels and British railways. Eurostar uses the northern line of the French high-speed railway in France. Britain also built a railway with the same TGV standard, connecting London and the British entrance of the tunnel, which was completed in the second half of 2007 and opened to traffic in June of that year. At that time, it only took two hours from London to Brussels and two hours from London to Paris. 15 minutes.
The signal systems of light trucks are TVM-300 and TVM-430, which is an upgraded version of TVM-300. Both of them are based on track circuit and transmit relevant information to locomotive onboard system, and both of them support double single-wire operation. TVM-300 adopts phased deceleration, and the driver must slow down manually according to the speed code displayed by the on-board system, otherwise the system will start emergency braking for protection after exceeding the specified speed limit. In order to shorten the train running interval and increase the route capacity, TVM-430 adopts continuous deceleration, but the driver must slow down manually according to the speed code. Both TVM-300 and TVM-430 are designed to allow access to occupied areas. Drivers can stop at a low speed (less than 30 km/h) after stopping according to the deceleration signal, and enter the occupied blocking area ahead.
In order to facilitate train dispatching and double-track and single-track operation, light trucks are provided with a crossing line and an emergency stop side line on the main line about every 20 to 30 kilometers. When the track is switched across the line, the allowable speed of the train is 160 ~ 170km/h, and the emergency stop side line can be used as a temporary stop when the train is in trouble or waiting for rescue, without affecting the operation of the main line. The braking system of TGV train set adopts electric braking system and tread braking system in power car, and the trailer is equipped with brake disc on the axle, which is driven by compressed air.
TGV is the second commercial high-speed railway system in the world after Shinkansen in Japan. The latter was opened on 1 96465438+1October1,connecting Tokyo and Osaka. In 2005, a TGV ran from Saint-Exé Sepperi International Airport to Aix in Provence, with an average speed of 263.3 kilometers per hour, setting a world record for the speed of regular trains [2]. On May 17, 2006, a group of actors and producers from Eurostar set off from London for Cannes with the film The Da Vinci Code. The journey took 142 1 km, which took 7 hours and 25 minutes [3], breaking the 3 hours set by TGV on May 26, 2006. On1October 28th, 2003, 165438+TGV welcomed the1millionth passenger, and it is estimated that the number of passengers will reach 2 billion in 20 10.