The last struggle of the old industrial civilization means that countries may plunder the exhausted natural resources for the last time, which means that the relationship between man and nature and between people may have a greater collision in the short term.
In the thousands of years of civilization history in China, the contradiction between man and nature has never been so serious as it is today. With the sustained development of China's economy and society and the continuous expansion of population, resource bottlenecks and environmental capacity are increasingly restricted.
The transformation of human civilization is accompanied by war and bloodshed.
Human history has experienced many civilization transformations. The so-called civilization transformation means that due to the great changes in production technology and social organization mode, the relationship between man and nature, people and related cultural value systems have undergone fundamental changes. Every civilization transformation in human history is accompanied by war and bloodshed, ideological confusion and social unrest, and the great adjustment of the relationship between the state and the nation. More than 2,000 years ago, after more than 500 years of chaos in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China completed its first civilization transformation, and China's traditional civilization of "iron farm tools+small-scale peasant economy+monarchical bureaucracy+Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism" finally took shape. Since Qin unified China, the population has increased from100000 to 400 million at the beginning of the 20th century. The destruction of nature by traditional farming civilization is gradual, but the general trend of destruction has never stopped. Hundreds of years ago, the development of European agricultural civilization was faced with the fierce contradiction between population and resources. Later, a Black Death swept the west, and more than 1/4 of the European population disappeared. After the Black Death, there was a new change in western civilization. The Renaissance began, and the invention of the steam engine affected the industrial revolution and launched a greater conquest of nature.
The exploitation of industrial civilization has excavated hundreds of mineral resources deep underground and turned them into disposable wealth of mankind, which has supported a new round of population expansion. After hundreds of years of civil and foreign wars, liberal democracy with free enterprise as its core has been gradually established. Throughout the 20th century, mankind consumed 654.38+042 billion tons of oil, 265 billion tons of coal, 38 billion tons of iron, 760 million tons of aluminum and 480 million tons of copper. Industrially developed countries, which account for 0/5% of the world's population/kloc-,consume 56% of the world's oil, more than 60% of natural gas and more than 50% of important mineral resources, and there is a serious imbalance among countries and nationalities in the world.
In order to obtain resources and markets, the leading countries of industrial civilization have opened the doors of other nations and countries on earth with guns, forcing all backward nations to industrialize. In order to achieve national equality and national development, modern China entered a transition period from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization, with a hundred years of turmoil, internal troubles and foreign invasion, and rivers of blood. It was not until the * * * Party in China came to power that the Chinese nation began its difficult industrialization movement.
The modernization of China is accompanied by the profound contradiction between resources and environment.
After more than 20 years of reform and opening-up, China's industrialization process has advanced by leaps and bounds. From 1990 to 200 1, China's oil consumption increased by 100%, natural gas by 92%, steel by 143%, copper by 189%, aluminum by 380% and zinc by 3/kloc. This consumption rate has quickly exhausted domestic resources. China has 2 1% of the world's population, but its oil reserves only account for 1.8% of the world's, with natural gas accounting for 0.7%, iron ore less than 9%, copper ore less than 5% and bauxite less than 2%. Today, it is impossible for us to rely on domestic resources to support future development. In terms of total consumption, by 20 10, China's dependence on foreign countries will reach 57% for oil, 57% for iron ore, 70% for copper and 80% for aluminum.
China's domestic resources can no longer support the sustained growth of traditional industrial civilization, and China's environment is even more difficult to support the sustained expansion of the current production mode with high pollution, high consumption and low efficiency. The existing desertified land area in China is more than 2.674 million square kilometers, accounting for 27.9% of the total land area, and it is still increasing by 1 10,000 square kilometers every year; In 47/kloc-0 counties in China 18 provinces, nearly 400 million people's cultivated land and homes are threatened by desertification to varying degrees; At present, China's total wastewater discharge is 43.95 billion tons, exceeding 82% of the environmental capacity; Among the seven major water systems in China, 40.9% are inferior to the five categories of water quality, and 75% of lakes are eutrophic to varying degrees. More than 400 cities in China are short of water, of which 100 cities are seriously short of water; There are still 360 million rural people in China who can't drink water that meets sanitary standards; In China, the emission of sulfur dioxide in waste gas is 6.5438+0.927 million tons, the emission of smoke and dust is 6.5438+0130,000 tons, and the emission of industrial dust is 94 1 10,000 tons, which seriously harms people's health.
All mankind is facing a new population and resource crisis, and all mankind is facing a new civilization transformation. Without the revolutionary breakthrough of new technology and the innovation of new global resource allocation system, the contradiction between man and nature and between people will intensify rapidly, and mankind may not be able to cross the threshold of this civilization transformation. For China, if we continue to follow the current development model, it will be difficult to solve the contradiction between population and resources, regional differentiation and class differentiation, and global environmental deterioration. We may be a lucky generation, and we can see the dawn of a new civilization in the future, which will completely realize the harmony between man and nature; We may be the least fortunate generation, because we may experience a disaster after a complete collision between man and nature.
Call for new civilization and avoid the recurrence of historical disasters.
Therefore, we call for a new ecological industrial civilization to replace the traditional industrial civilization. It will achieve greater harmony between people on the basis of harmony between man and nature. Thousands of years of human civilization have exchanged the destruction of nature for the growth of human population and the progress of civilization, but the pace and scale are different. Especially in the history of industrial civilization for more than 300 years, the destruction of nature is the most thorough and ruthless. So far, human scientific and technological wisdom and social civilization do not seem to be part of the natural system, but always oppose nature. Therefore, this kind of "indulgence of freedom" is absolutely difficult to maintain. Can't we find a way of hope,
So that human beings can achieve the dual harmonious goals of people, people and nature? Although 1972 Stockholm Conference on Human Environment showed the awakening of human beings to environmental problems, and although 1992 Rio Conference on Environment and Development put forward the concept of sustainable development, there is no corresponding technological revolution. Protecting the environment and taking the road of sustainable development is only a beautiful wish, which can not prevent the sustained growth of population and the continuous consumption of non-renewable resources, nor can it prevent human beings from polluting and destroying the environment more. Fortunately, the green technology revolution has emerged; Unfortunately, many politicians in the world have not fully understood its far-reaching significance.
In July 2002, a solar car race was held in Texas, USA. 10 solar cars started silently, with an average speed of 56 kilometers per hour. Don't underestimate the speed of 56 kilometers per hour. This is a positive green technology revolution. 100 years ago, the first car race in history was also in the United States. At that time, the top speed was 8 kilometers per hour, so that some viewers stood up and shouted angrily: Malays!
A few years ago, the world's first Sun City was built in Freiburg, Germany. The office buildings and houses in the city are all solar power stations, and the building materials are all solar cells. The power supply generated by each solar house is more than five times that of the house itself, and the surplus power is sent to a central distribution station for some more energy-consuming businesses.
The U.S. Department of Energy and Stanford University recently completed a report that the energy demand of the whole country can be met only by the existing technical conditions and the wind power in several states. The European Energy Commission has also recently completed a report, which shows that the wind power in the Great Plains of North America, northwest China, eastern Siberia and northern Argentina, together with the wind power in major coastal cities of various oceans, can fully meet the global energy demand. But to do this, we need the full cooperation of governments around the world.
Besides the transformation of energy structure, the world circular economy is also changing with each passing day. Fossil fuels used in industrial civilization are not recyclable, but hundreds of other materials such as steel, copper and aluminum can be recycled. Improving the recycling level of raw materials is an inevitable choice for resource efficiency and use efficiency. 198 1 year, the Danish government issued a decree stipulating that beer and soft drinks can only be sold in "reusable packaging". This means that the use of plastic and metal containers is prohibited, and it also means that enterprises must establish a system of recycling and reusing beverage packaging. Joint Danish Brewery Company responded quickly to the law, and 99% of its bottles were recycled, and some bottles were reused for more than 30 times. In 2002, 90% parts of BMW German-made cars were recycled. In 2000, the recovery rate of scrap steel in some countries in the world was 80% in Germany, 78% in the Netherlands, 75% in Austria, 67% in the United States and only 20% in China.
The revolutionary development of the world's circular economy marks that the world's energy resources have changed from non-renewable scarce resources to renewable abundant resources, marks the emergence of new civilization and the re-transformation of human civilization, and marks that human beings can fundamentally realize the double harmony between man and nature and between people. But at the same time, it also means the last struggle of the old industrial civilization, which means that countries may plunder the exhausted natural resources for the last time, which means that the relationship between man and nature and between people may have a greater collision in the short term. More than 200 years ago, when Watt's steam engine and Jenny's spinning machine first appeared in Britain, no one would have thought of the arrival of a comprehensive industrial civilization era, let alone the next two world wars.
In the thousands of years of civilization history in China, the contradiction between man and nature has never been so serious as it is today. With the sustained development of China's economy and society and the continuous expansion of population, resource bottlenecks and environmental capacity are increasingly restricted. We don't have enough resources to support high-consumption production methods, and we don't have enough environmental capacity to carry high-pollution production methods. We must strengthen people's awareness of resource and environmental crisis, develop circular economy to improve the efficiency of resource utilization, develop clean production to reduce the pollution cost in the production process, develop green consumption to reduce the ecological damage caused by consumption process, and develop new energy to completely surpass the production mode. Only in this way can our people bid farewell to all kinds of disasters in history, build a brand-new society, and cultivate a brand-new ecological civilization with double harmony between man and nature and between people.