Advantages of enterprises (large state-owned enterprises): more rigid and more rules. You can muddle along if you want to be idle, but you can learn a lot as long as you are willing to bear hardships and have the heart. Disadvantages: no one is difficult to get up, even if you are skilled. Because the technical project is difficult, others can do what you can, unless there is a real shortage of people. If you graduate from a doctor, you may not earn much more than a junior college student. When I worked as a technician in a large state-owned enterprise, some of my colleagues used to be PE teachers. There were others, with many projects and of course many bonuses.
Forget about small state-owned enterprises. I've been there and I don't think it's that good.
Advantages of the institute (those who have the strength but have not changed their systems): there are more people to exercise, because there are fewer people, you will have job opportunities. There are many academic talents, and you can get in touch with many novel things and projects. If you have the ability, you will be more leisure. There are not so many rules, and there is no need to work overtime. I can spend several winter and summer vacations with my students every year. Disadvantages: it is meaningless to go in without a high degree. Most leaders are doctoral supervisors, but you can't get a doctorate from him. There are few people in the office, which is boring. Most of them are different from those in enterprises, and there are not many opportunities to enjoy the struggle between people. Of course you want to climb up, that's another matter.
Don't just look at the salary of the recruiter, it's full of water. What kind of treatment is closely related to the ability of the enterprise, and the place with strong ability is well treated. There are too many idle people in state-owned enterprises, many of whom don't work, but you don't have to worry about income. Large state-owned enterprises are backed by the state, and even if they don't work for the time being, they won't fall. A good research institute can attract national projects, and some private enterprises are willing to queue up for cooperation if they are famous abroad, even if the price offered by the research institute is very high. I feel that these two places are similar, and it is also good for R&D personnel to go to these two places. Small state-owned enterprises and private enterprises do not recommend you to go (unless you know it is really good). Personally, I think it is very famous, and there are few good ones in the world. You'll regret it after a few years.
Maybe you will think that what I said has nothing to do with research and development. In fact, I have always been engaged in research and development, and you should find out what the word research and development is.