The executor of the system is human, and the complexity of human nature affects human behavior. We must start from the ideological, subtle and persistent, mainly including the following three aspects.
1. Improve the risk awareness of all employees. Most enterprises are sensitive to financial risks, but they lack safety awareness of the risks in the company's operation process, and most employees still lack this knowledge.
An employee of an enterprise took advantage of his position to transfer the checks paid by customers to the accounts of a bag company opened by friends, engaged in gambling activities, and finally owed high gambling debts, causing huge economic losses to the company. In the process of his stepping into the abyss of crime, some former colleagues inadvertently became his "assistants" in crime. Its method is nothing more than changing the account number of the money that the customer originally wanted to transfer to pay, which led to the failure of bank collection and forced the customer to pay by check, so he took advantage of the customer's trust and exchanged the user's check for the receipt voucher. For some checks that did not write the payer, he endorsed the checks himself and transferred the money to his account. In this case, the employee took advantage of being the backbone of the company and asked his colleagues with lower positions to "help", but these colleagues didn't realize that they were also involved in activities that endangered the interests of the company when they gave them the green light. They think that the things assigned by the leaders are not bound by the system, and they have no awareness of the risk of violation, so the implementation of the system disappears.
Grass-roots employees are engaged in the most fundamental daily work of enterprises, and it is difficult to build tall buildings without a good foundation. Employees' awareness of risk prevention directly determines the safety of enterprises. For grass-roots employees, their understanding of the system determines the execution of the system. When preaching rules and regulations, enterprises should not simply recite rules and regulations, but also publicize and explain the risk prevention ideas behind the system. This can not only enhance employees' understanding of the system, but also arouse their conscious will to abide by it. In addition, enterprises can instill the awareness of risk prevention through daily training, lectures, case analysis, knowledge question and answer, etc. Use the standard of a qualified professional to standardize their behavior and improve the professional quality of employees.
If the risk awareness of employees determines the safety of enterprises, then the risk awareness of management is related to the life and death of enterprises. In the process of pursuing high-speed and efficient development, enterprises tend to ignore potential dangers; When the management only pursues high rate of return, ignores the execution of the system and turns a blind eye to violations, it will undoubtedly push the company to the edge of the cliff. In the case of Bahrain Bank, it was precisely because of the outstanding performance of the traders in the past that they did not arouse the company's vigilance, but got the acquiescence of the company's top management, and the situation that could have been saved was out of control.
As the management of an enterprise, the understanding of business risks must keep pace with the times, because risks can bring benefits and losses. In terms of risk tolerance, the management should consider the stable and sustainable development of the enterprise, not rushing headlong into it, and have enough grasp of the risk. In this way, the company will have strong conceptual support in system formulation, system implementation and system supervision. At the same time, the company will have a deeper understanding of the system, which will help improve the implementation.
2. The rewards and punishments are clear, and the restraint and incentive mechanism coexist. Establishing a good restraint and incentive mechanism and clarifying the company's attitude towards strict compliance with the system are conducive to the strengthening of execution. Large enterprises often have complicated interpersonal relationships. Because they take a shortcut with emotion, they think that it is "reasonable flexibility" to abide by rules and follow standard procedures. Inspectors found problems in daily inspections, but only verbally warned, and there was no clear reward and punishment mechanism to assess violators. The low cost of violation makes some people tend to be lucky.
To change this mode of thinking, we must use a strong reward and punishment system to correct it.
When setting up reward and punishment measures, enterprises should usually consider the cost-benefit problem to ensure the fairness and justice of rewards and punishments, and at the same time, it should be easy to operate and well-founded. Setting up a "bonus pool" is a good way to solve this problem.
In the research activities of the company's project team, I participated in the feasibility study of setting up the bonus pool scheme. The bonus pool plan aims to adjust the bonus level among employees with different performance, motivate employees with good performance and strong execution, and spur employees with poor performance and weak execution.
The basic idea of setting bonus pool is: according to the scale of the enterprise, set up bonus pool at the department or company level, and the human resources department and the finance department will supervise the use and standardization of bonus pool. The Operation Department will draw up the assessment standards of rewards and punishments in advance and make them public, and at the same time, assess the substandard behaviors found in daily inspections, and deposit the bonuses withheld by the responsible person into the bonus pool. The bonus in the bonus pool will be used to reward employees who find problems, report problems and perform well. Awards can be awarded in the form of semi-annual, annual or star employee awards. The bonus pool is hollowed out every year, and all the money should be used to motivate grassroots employees. By using this assessment system with clear rewards and punishments, a fair and upright working atmosphere can be established. In the operation test of the bonus pool scheme, 86.5% of the employees said that they paid more attention to the rules and regulations, and their work initiative and enthusiasm were improved. Moreover, statistics show that compared with unused outlets, outlets using bonus pool scheme have fewer work mistakes and higher performance, which further improves the implementation of the system. Establishing bonus pool is only one of the means and methods to improve execution, and enterprises can also establish their own reward and punishment mechanism according to their own characteristics and conditions.
3. Establish corporate culture and form a good atmosphere. The construction of corporate culture is to form a big environment, pass on the values of the enterprise to every employee, make employees agree with the values of the enterprise, and then influence their concepts and ways of thinking, and finally standardize their behavior in the enterprise, actively implement the system, and change their psychological state of passively accepting the system. The establishment of corporate culture is usually from top to bottom. Management should make use of various occasions and time to strengthen and inherit enterprise spirit and corporate culture. At the same time, the management should set an example, practice this concept with their own actions, and establish an honest and trustworthy, positive, dedicated and law-abiding, pioneering and innovative corporate culture. Only when managers constantly set an example and moisten things quietly can they influence employees subtly and employees will take the initiative.
The construction of enterprise culture should avoid being blunt and dogmatic. In addition to the publicity of the company's concept and enterprise spirit, we can also publicize it through various rich group activities, such as outward bound training, sports competitions, knowledge contests, lectures and other forms of team activities, which are all good ways to cultivate employees' comprehensive quality. Employees practice the spirit of enterprise in a relaxed activity atmosphere and solidify this way of thinking in their hearts, so as to carry forward the spirit of the company independently and consciously in their future work.
Second, objectively strengthen the execution of the system.
It is necessary to supervise the implementation through a certain external force to avoid the system becoming a "paper regulation" and becoming a mere formality. This can be started from the following three aspects.
1. Combination of regular and irregular inspection. An unsupervised system is like an eagle without wings. Only when supervision is in place can the system be implemented and the rights and interests of enterprises be effectively safeguarded.
Grass-roots employees of an enterprise embezzled other people's work accounts, unauthorized examination and approval, and took out the repeated money forgotten by customers in cash, which was later discovered by others, ending the criminal behavior, but it did great harm to the reputation and capital security of the enterprise. In this case, according to the provisions of the enterprise system, there is a standardized process for refund. According to the size of the amount, the refund can only be made after the approval of managers with different authorities. However, the employee is familiar with the enterprise regulations, and steals other people's system accounts for approval through certain means. The refund process is completed by one person and one stop. It can be seen that the perfect system lacks supervision and inspection, and its execution cannot be guaranteed.
When formulating the system, the company should also consider its future implementation, write the future inspection arrangements into the system together, specify the form of inspection in the annual or semi-annual period, supervise the implementation of the system, and form a written report on the inspection and submit it to the competent leader.
In this way, regular inspection becomes a part of the system, and the competent leaders can also directly understand the implementation of the system, which is conducive to their guidance or improvement of future work and nip the crisis in the bud.
If regular inspection is suitable for department self-inspection, then irregular inspection is more focused on the company's inspection of the department. Among the means of supervision, flight inspection has always been known for its fairness, rapidity and high efficiency, and it can also be introduced into the supervision of the company's operational risks. Because all the people who participated in the inspection were convened on the same day, the contents and methods of the inspection were also announced on the same day, and most of them were cross-departmental inspections, which had good accuracy and could directly reflect the problems. The key to flight inspection is that before the inspection, knowledgeable experts need to make the contents and standards of the inspection in advance, and form clear and effective written instructions and forms, so that the personnel involved in the inspection can see at a glance and operate easily. The inspection results are submitted to the company leaders who organize the flight inspection in the form of tables, and the data collected and analyzed by the inspectors are provided to the company management, which intuitively reflects the implementation of the system by grassroots employees.
Before organizing flight inspection activities, the following preparations must be made: (1) Participants: Cross-inspection across departments or different types of work is conducive to strengthening the authenticity of feedback information; (2) Inspection content: Since most inspections are surprise inspections and inspectors are often non-professionals, the inspection data must be easy to understand, and the feedback form should be to fill in a form and answer questions with "Yes" and "No"; (3) Action time: The inspection process takes less than half a working day, and the inspection results are directly fed back to the event organizer to avoid errors caused by long circulation time.
In the practice of participating in the company's flight inspection, it is found that the inspection can reflect the real implementation of the front-line work and has a good guiding role for the top management of the enterprise to understand the grass-roots work. The inspection can be initiated by the manager of any department or enterprise, with flexible time and method, and can accurately find problems. In several flight inspections, the inspected department immediately rectified the problems found, corrected the negligent mentality, and the effect of preventing the delay was obvious.
2. Combination of system inspection and on-site inspection. Modern information technology has greatly improved the operational efficiency of enterprises. Using computer data statistics system to filter and sort out relevant information, managers can view key information more pertinently. In the general marketing management system, there is a "custom query"
Module, managers can put forward requirements according to their own needs, and information maintenance personnel can write query programs, so managers can filter out the needed information in this module to facilitate daily inspection and spot checks.
For some illegal operators who are familiar with the principle of computer background operation and tamper with data, using computer data statistics system is the basic means of plugging and repairing. For example, in the above-mentioned illegal refund case, the managers of enterprises regularly screen the refund information through the system and check the approval items within their personal authority, which may find that their accounts have been stolen earlier, and at the same time, it will also deter people with ulterior motives and reduce the economic losses caused by the theft of similar authority.
System inspection is suitable for enterprises with flat organization, and the relationship between supervisor and supervisor belongs to direct management. However, with the development of modern enterprises, multinational corporations and chain enterprises have become a trend. As for the Bahrain Bank mentioned above, the huge losses occurred in the overseas department in Singapore; The case of employees' unauthorized refund also occurred in the business hall far away from the headquarters, and the branches of enterprises are prone to lack of monitoring because of their remoteness. Most of the headquarters' management of branches in different places still depends on the branches themselves. Once the managers of branches are negligent or fraudulent, or those who violate the rules are proficient in the computer system, avoid the monitoring of the system and use false information to achieve their personal goals, it is difficult for the headquarters to find out the problem, so on-site inspection is particularly necessary.
Headquarters can use regular inspection or flight inspection to send special inspectors to various business outlets or branches for on-the-spot inspection, collect first-hand data, and evaluate the implementation of the system, so as to reduce the phenomenon of ineffective supervision and illegal behavior caused by many intermediate links and remote geographical location. For some cases that evade the supervision of computer system and forge information, the accounts can be consistent with the facts through physical inspection.
3. The use of modern information technology, early warning of suspected violations.
In today's information revolution, we can also make full use of information technology, add computer monitoring in the process of operation and management, report suspected violations, build a risk management system, improve supervision, find and warn problems in time, thus improving system execution and reducing losses.
First of all, the computer early warning system can warn against violations.
When the operator fails to implement the rules and regulations, the system will issue a warning so as to find the problem in time and correct it immediately. Enterprises can establish a computer early warning system according to their own business characteristics. For example, securities companies can set the amount of investment funds in their accounts to prevent traders from operating beyond their authority; Business organizations require business personnel to pay money at a specified time every day, and the system will prompt the list of business personnel who failed to pay money on time that day.
Secondly, the computer system can analyze the existing business information in probability and non-probability, evaluate the potential risks, eliminate the uncertainty of enterprise management and reduce the possibility of risks. This requires the management to have a scientific management concept, introduce advanced academic achievements, and combine computer technology to apply the convenience brought by informatization to the company's operation.
Through the establishment of early warning target, early warning object, early warning mechanism and analysis operation mechanism, computer early warning system can not only remind relevant departments of possible risks, but also serve as the basis for daily inspection and spot check of enterprises.
To sum up, if enterprises can attach importance to the formulation of the system, improve the execution of the system subjectively and objectively, do both internal and external repairs, pay attention to the system and culture, prevent any small mistake from developing into a big mistake, make up in time, and prevent delaying the opportunity, then enterprises will certainly develop more solidly, safely and for a long time.