How should an iron and steel enterprise write the future trend?

According to the analysis released by Metallurgical Economic Research Center, in the next few years, China's steel investment will tend to three major areas: improving product quality, energy saving and environmental protection, and iron ore mining. In the future, due to the fierce market competition in the steel industry, the competition among enterprises will shift from price orientation to product quality and service orientation, while domestic enterprises have overcapacity in the fields of excellent talents and middle and low-grade plates, while the proportion of high-tech and high value-added products is low, so steel enterprises need to increase investment in these fields. In terms of energy conservation and environmental protection, due to the overall gap in the steel industry and the strict requirements of the country, the investment of enterprises in this area will inevitably increase. In recent years, the tight supply of raw materials has led some large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises to invest or participate in upstream raw material enterprises to ensure the stable and safe supply of raw materials, such as the mining and dressing projects invested by Angang Group and Liaoning Hengye Group in Qian 'an Mining. The future development direction of iron and steel industry-establishing the technology of coal-free ironmaking 1. Views and predictions on the future of the steel industry In recent years, the steel industry has become a hot topic from the perspective of investment and public opinion, resulting in many popular views, judgments and predictions about the steel industry, which greatly affected the decision-making of enterprises and governments. As far as the author is concerned, these popular views are quite inappropriate. Therefore, the author hereby puts forward the following views that he thinks are correct for readers' reference: 1. Iron and steel enterprises should not expect too much from high value-added deep-processed products, because the technology of producing high value-added steel products is in the hands of foreign enterprises, and basically whoever has money can produce it. Nowadays, many steel enterprises are rushing to introduce high value-added products. However, due to the slowdown of economic development, the demand for producing high value-added products has decreased, so the future benefits of producing high value-added steel products are worrying. For example, at present, the automobile industry is in recession, and the ability to bear the rise in steel prices has declined, and the efficiency of the automobile sector has dropped significantly. 2. Iron ore resources are not as scarce as many people think. In fact, iron ore resources are very rich, which can fully meet the needs of the steel industry. The shortage of iron ore supply is mainly due to the fact that the mining and transportation capacity can not keep up with the demand of the steel industry in recent years. Now that the price of iron ore resources has been speculated very high, it is not recommended that iron and steel enterprises invest in controlling iron ore resources in the near future. 3. For the iron and steel industry, the supply of coal is much more important than the supply of iron ore, especially the coking coal resources that will be exhausted in a few decades, but now the price of coking coal and other coal resources has been fried very high, and the risk of buying coking coal and other coal resources is also relatively high. 4. Although the rise of RMB exchange rate reduces the cost of iron ore procurement in the steel industry, it also reduces the export of steel products and other steel products, and may also lead to the import of overseas steel products to China, so the rise of RMB exchange rate is unfavorable to the steel industry as a whole. As far as China is concerned, there will be excessive competition in every freely competitive industry, and the price of products is far below the cost, and the steel industry is no exception. Due to the rising price of raw materials and the decline in the growth rate of users' demand for steel products, as an intermediate industry that can expand its production capacity indefinitely, the overall depression of the steel industry in the future is inevitable. The severity of the depression is vividly described, that is, in the next few years, Maanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. will drop from 5 yuan to around 1.5 yuan. 6. It is unreasonable for iron and steel enterprises to blindly pursue scale. The reasons are: 1) The group's pursuit of large-scale behavior leads to the rapid expansion of production capacity and is prone to vicious competition; 2) The large-scale increase of single equipment has brought about the increase of single equipment capacity investment and technical difficulty; 3) The increase of the scale of a single enterprise will bring the problem of expanding the transportation radius of products and raw materials; 4) The excessive scale of the joint venture group will bring internal management problems, especially the interests of the merged enterprise are different from those of the main company. In the case of industry depression, if it is not handled properly, it will easily lead to fierce internal contradictions and make enterprises fall into internal friction, such as the problems arising from the merger of Yunnan Airlines and China Eastern Airlines. Therefore, the scale of iron and steel enterprises should have a reasonable value. Iron and steel enterprises should coexist in size according to the different needs of society, instead of a simple big fish eat small fish. 7. Don't expect too much from the closure of small steel mills, because wildfires are not clean. The closure of small and medium-sized steel enterprises in Spring Breeze can not solve the problem of oversupply of steel products. As long as the situation in the steel industry improves slightly, these enterprises will resume production. 8. Many iron and steel enterprises have gained huge benefits from the long-term agreements signed with international mining companies, but sooner or later, some of the benefits gained from the signed long-term agreements will be repaid. In the next few years, it is entirely possible that the spot price is lower than the long-term agreement price, and the long-term agreement as a mineral trade model may disappear in the future. 9. In terms of population and land size, a province in China can be completely equivalent to an ordinary country. For example, South Korea's land area and population are only equivalent to China's Zhejiang Province. By province, China's iron and steel enterprises are not scattered, and almost every province is a top iron and steel enterprise, which controls most of the market share. The scale of a single steel plant in the world is not bigger than that of China. During the period of rapid growth of the steel industry, the steel industry attracted a lot of investment because of its rich profits. The decline of production concentration is normal, which does not go against the historical development trend. On the contrary, it is conducive to increasing the output of steel products, ensuring the supply of steel products and curbing the price increase. With the decline of the prosperity of the steel industry into depression, it is normal for the concentration of steel production to rise. 10, the main role of the government in the steel industry is to prevent monopoly, not to promote monopoly. The government should proceed from the interests of all citizens, support the scale expansion of iron and steel enterprises to improve efficiency, and control the scale expansion for the purpose of monopolizing the market. The monopoly of iron and steel industry increases the cost of social and economic operation, which is harmful to social and economic development, the competitiveness of downstream enterprises and people's living standards. Moreover, the scale of iron and steel enterprises is not necessarily related to the high level of environmental protection and resource conservation. 1 1. The cyclical characteristics of the steel industry will fade and disappear, because periodicity is not the characteristics of the steel industry itself, but mainly caused by the cyclical fluctuations of the macro economy. With the weakening of macroeconomic cyclical fluctuations and the existence of excess capacity and capital, the price fluctuation of steel products may still exist, but the fluctuation of profit rate of steel industry will be very inconspicuous. Second, how should iron and steel enterprises develop in the future? In the past, people pessimistically predicted the future of the steel industry. How should iron and steel enterprises develop under the poor prospect? In addition to the steel industry, the best development direction of steel enterprises in the future should not be to acquire, merge or merge other steel enterprises at first, because the steel industry is bound to enter a depression and spend money to buy steel enterprises that will not make money in the future (it is entirely possible that steel enterprises will appear in a few years); Secondly, it is not to invest, acquire or control upstream resources, because the price of resources is too high now, and future investment is risky; Furthermore, it is not to develop high value-added deep-processed new products, because high value-added products consume less, have little room for development and have fierce competition. Of course, enterprises can appropriately develop some high value-added products according to their own conditions, but they cannot be used as the main means and pillar of enterprise development. After all, the steel industry is only a raw material production industry; Finally, it is not the enlargement of single equipment, but the construction of more and more large blast furnaces, coke ovens, sintering machines, converters, rolling mills and so on. The development goal of any industry is to meet the actual needs of society, and the steel industry is no exception. Based on the actual needs of society, it is also the development goal of the industry. At present, China's social and economic development has encountered the following problems: 1) The prices of oil and gas, steel, non-ferrous metals and agricultural products have risen sharply, which has increased the cost of almost all products and services in the whole social economy, reduced the profits of enterprises and the actual living standards of residents, and reduced domestic demand, making economic development face the risk of decline in the case of falling exports and investment; 2) With the development of economy, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, which affects the living environment of human beings and requires high environmental treatment costs; 3) The supply of oil, natural gas, coal and other non-renewable energy sources is tight, and hydropower and nuclear energy can't keep up for a while. Because of the high cost, the supply of new energy sources is insufficient in the short term, which directly threatens the normal operation of social economy and even society. In recent years, although the development of iron and steel industry has met the social demand for the variety and quantity of steel products, the rise of steel prices has reduced the profits of many enterprises, aggravated inflation, reduced people's consumption expenditure, affected market consumption, led to the decline of enterprises, and then affected people's income; In addition, the development of iron and steel industry pollutes the environment, reduces people's quality of life, increases the cost of environmental governance, and also has a negative impact on economic development; The steel industry also consumes a lot of energy, such as coal and coke for smelting, oil for transportation and a lot of electricity, which aggravates the shortage of social energy supply. Judging from the above problems, the three most urgent requirements of society for the steel industry are: 1) reducing the production cost and price of steel products; 2) Reduce the environmental pollution of iron and steel industry; 3) Require the steel industry to save energy, especially non-renewable energy. As far as the iron and steel industry itself is concerned, it is impossible to maintain the development model of relying on non-renewable resources all the time. At present, China's iron and steel industry, which is dominated by blast furnace smelting, must rely on the non-renewable and soon-exhausted resource-coking coal, and the known coking coal reserves can only last for 30 years. The shortage of supply leads to the rise of coking coal price, which makes the profits of steel industry flow out to coking coal production continuously. At present, most iron and steel enterprises pay attention to the development of new steel products after iron and steel, and the bosses of iron and steel enterprises are mostly from steelmaking and rolling. The main cost, environmental pollution and energy consumption of iron and steel industry are all in front of iron, and the key to determine the future competitiveness of iron and steel enterprises is in front of iron. Iron and steel enterprises should aim at the actual needs of society, look forward, and focus on technology research and development, technological transformation and investment in coking, sintering and ironmaking. Iron and steel enterprises must clearly realize the following points: 1) Now is not the time to choose suitable resources for steelmaking, but the steelmaking time must adapt to the existing resources; 2) society will never tolerate the acquisition of steel materials at the expense of environmental pollution; 3) Energy saving is not the requirement of society, but the requirement of enterprises to reduce their own costs. In order to meet the needs of society, we can choose to change the pre-ironmaking mode centered on blast furnace and replace blast furnace ironmaking with non-blast furnace ironmaking process-coke-free ironmaking process. Because coke is not used in non-blast furnace ironmaking, the ironmaking cost is greatly reduced, and coking and sintering processes are not needed in non-blast furnace ironmaking, thus greatly reducing the emission of harmful pollutants such as phenylpropanoid, tar, dioxins and SO2. However, coal-based non-blast furnace ironmaking still needs coal, which can not meet the social requirements of energy saving in iron and steel industry. Although electric furnace ironmaking and electrolytic ironmaking do not directly consume coal, they consume a lot of electricity. At present, most of China's electricity is provided by coal, so it can't meet the needs of society. In this regard, the author puts forward the practice of developing coal-free ironmaking on the basis of coke-free ironmaking. Coal-free ironmaking, domestic garbage replaces coal, which is as combustible as coal. As long as there is human life, the supply of domestic garbage will never be interrupted, so domestic garbage will be an inexhaustible resource. Three. Developing coal-free ironmaking technology and building urban iron and steel plants. Coal-free (non-electric) ironmaking technology is completely feasible. Domestic waste, like coal, is combustible with carbon and hydrogen as the main elements, but domestic waste cannot be smelted in blast furnace instead of coal. The main reason is that the blast furnace is a gas-solid-liquid countercurrent reactor, and the materials into the furnace must be massive and breathable (the purpose of coking and sintering is to block up). However, domestic garbage can't be briquetted and can't be directly used for blast furnace ironmaking. It can only enter the coke oven for coking in a small proportion of about 65,438+0%, or some waste plastics (chlorine-free) and waste tires in domestic garbage can replace a small amount of blast furnace coal injection, so it can be used in a small amount. If iron-making is carried out by external heat reaction in a fixed bed, iron ore can be directly reduced by using domestic garbage without briquetting, and then the domestic garbage can be partially burned in an iron pool as a medium to make gas, and the sponge iron produced by direct reduction can be melted by using the generated heat, and the gas generated by the two processes can be heated externally. According to the above technical analysis, the existing non-blast furnace ironmaking methods, such as tunnel kiln method, powder metallurgy method and interval layer method, can realize coal-free ironmaking. 2. The cost of coal-free (non-electric) ironmaking technology is very competitive. The cost of coke and coal raw materials per ton of steel in iron and steel enterprises is about 2000 yuan, but replacing coke and coal with domestic garbage can hardly consume these costs, and even if other cost rising factors are deducted, the ironmaking cost will be greatly reduced. 3. Coal-free (non-electric) ironmaking technology is suitable for directly burning domestic garbage as fuel to generate electricity. The disadvantage is that dioxins will be produced, and the pollution control of dioxins is very difficult. However, the ironmaking process is a process of reducing iron oxide, and the whole atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, so dioxin will not be produced. For example, in coking and blast furnace production, dioxins will not be produced in reducing atmosphere, but only in sintering is an oxidative combustion process. At present, garbage incineration and sintering are the first and second largest sources of dioxins respectively. The application of coal-free ironmaking technology can not only reduce the pollution caused by garbage incineration, but also reduce the dioxin pollution caused by sintering in iron and steel industry. 4. The characteristics and advantages of urban steel mills are based on the coal-free ironmaking technology, and urban steel mills can be established. The so-called urban steel works are characterized by: 1, relying on the establishment of the city, relying on the city to provide domestic garbage as fuel for smelting, and also helping the city to deal with domestic garbage, forming a * * * relationship with the city; 2. The main production goal of the enterprise is to provide the city with the necessary steel, and at the same time provide the city with some gas or liquid fuel produced in the production process; 3. Limited by the amount of municipal waste, urban steel mills are relatively small in scale and widely distributed, showing a small and scattered situation; 4. Urban steel mills can also use the scrap steel produced in the city to smelt nearby; 5. Urban steel mills do not have heavy pollution production links such as coking and sintering, and do not need huge investment in environmental protection treatment, which can greatly reduce the emission of environmental pollutants and is suitable for relying on cities to build factories. The advantages of urban steel mills are: 1, solving the problem of domestic waste treatment and making full use of domestic waste resources; 2. It reduces the social consumption of non-renewable resources and energy such as coal, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of society; 3. The new ironmaking technology has been adopted by city steel mills to realize clean production, which greatly reduces the environmental pollution of iron and steel industry; 4. The wide distribution of urban steel mills has eased the imbalance of regional development and promoted social harmony and coordination of local interests; 5. Urban steel mills are small in scale, high in efficiency, low in cost and resource-saving, which ensures the supply of ordinary steel and some fuels in the city; 6. Urban steel mills can use local iron ore, domestic garbage and scrap steel nearby to supply by-products such as steel, which greatly reduces the transportation volume of materials, reduces the transportation pressure of cities and saves energy. 4. Conclusion: According to the current situation of resources and energy supply and the urgent demand of society for price reduction, pollution reduction and energy saving in the iron and steel industry, it will become the most promising development direction of the iron and steel industry to establish urban iron and steel plants by using the coal-free ironmaking technology in the foreseeable future. References: