The concept of plate is called BIPV.
There are two main reasons why it is sought after by market funds: first, carbon neutrality, which was frequently mentioned during the two sessions, happens to be a branch of carbon neutrality; The second is to acquire a construction enterprise of Longji, a leading photovoltaic enterprise.
What exactly is a BIPV?
BIPV is a subdivision track in the field of photovoltaic, the full name is building attached photovoltaic, which refers to the integration of photovoltaic buildings, that is, a technology that people integrate photovoltaic products into buildings.
Compared with BAPV, BIPV is a solar photovoltaic power generation system installed on buildings. To put it bluntly, it is a solar panel installed on the surface of a house. BIPV is special. It not only has the function of building, but also acts as a "power station". How to understand? BIPV directly turns solar panels into a part of building materials, such as doors and windows, walls, balconies, roofs, etc. At present, the most widely known typical BIPV is Tesla roof.
In a word, the goal of BIPV and BAPV is to rely on the building surface for solar power generation. There is only one word difference between them, but their processes from design to integration to building are essentially different.
What are the competitive advantages of BIPV products? At present, BIPV product iteration has gone through three development stages:
First generation BIPV: Photovoltaic modules (silicon-based batteries) are simply supported or directly attached to the building surface.
The second generation of BIPV: Photovoltaic modules (thin film batteries) have the properties of building materials, and can replace traditional glass, roof tiles and cement walls.
Third generation BIPV: Optimize the second generation and add smart grid technology.
Compared with the characteristics of various technologies and the requirements of BIPV, the first generation of power generation has poor effect and lacks aesthetic feeling. The appearance of the second generation has been improved, but it needs a lot of power conversion devices and wiring structures to meet the power supply requirements, which is very troublesome to maintain. The third generation has been improved on the basis of the second generation, reducing maintenance costs and further pursuing aesthetic design and customization requirements, which is the mainstream of current development.
From an economic point of view, BIPV also has the advantages of replacing income and generating benefits. First of all, BIPV components can save the cost of building materials in the corresponding areas during construction; Second, the spontaneous use of BIPV to generate electricity saves the owner's electricity bill. More importantly, the product price and installation cost of BIPV can be allocated to the building materials and projects it replaces, reducing the overall cost. This is what BAPV didn't have in the past.
However, BIPV still faces some problems. For example, if the installation angle of BIPV is different, the power generation capacity will be weakened. Moreover, in terms of material life, the current warranty period of photovoltaic modules is 20-30 years, which is still insufficient compared with building materials.
In addition, the design also needs to consider the artistic aesthetics of the building. When two completely different knowledge fields are mixed together, it becomes a great challenge for designers.
Although BIPV is very popular now, it didn't appear in the last two years. In fact, the earliest use of BIPV can be traced back to satellites and the International Space Station in the last century. At that time, the power supply system on the satellite was the earliest prototype of BIPV.
1967, Japan MSK company processed the transparent front and rear panels into semi-flexible lightweight photovoltaic modules and pasted them on the roofs and walls, and BIPV technology ushered in its first commercial application.
But what really brought BIPV into the global vision was a construction industry exhibition held in Munich, Germany in 199 1. During the exhibition, Xu Ge Company launched the "Photoelectric Curtain Wall" which combines photovoltaic modules with artistic space design for the first time.
Because this novel and environmentally friendly thing has aroused the interest of most people, many BIPV buildings have been built in some countries, such as German, American, Spanish and China. For example, Berlin Central Station, Expo China Pavilion, Kyocera Headquarters, Shanghai Raphael Gallery and Jiaxing Xiuzhou Photovoltaic Science and Technology Museum. ......
At present, the application of BIPV has expanded from the early single roof to all aspects of architecture, such as photovoltaic conventional roof or transparent lighting roof, curtain wall, sun visor, platform, electronic tree and other scenes. Among them, photovoltaic roof is the product with the largest market share of BIPV, accounting for about 60% of BIPV's total revenue. According to statistics, in 2020, the output of BIPV applied by six global enterprises on industrial and commercial roofs will be as high as 709MW. In addition, the building glass curtain wall is the second largest product of BIPV.
2 1 century, emission reduction has become a global awareness, and new energy sources have more uses.
Photovoltaic power generation is the third largest power supply mode in the world. With the decrease of kilowatt-hour cost, various scene applications emerge one after another. As a photovoltaic subdivision track, BIPV has attracted the attention of major countries in the world.
Since 2000, Europe, America and Japan have introduced relevant policies, and BIPV has been listed as a key development goal.
Because the early BIPV used crystalline silicon batteries, and the products were simply supported or attached to the surface of the house, which was too unsightly, and the photovoltaic modules were expensive in technology, the market did not break out in the end.
After 20 10 years, after several iterations, the technology of BIPV products has been greatly improved in both economy and applicability, and some consumers have gradually accepted this product. At the same time, with the development of zero-energy buildings, low-carbon communities and smart cities, the BIPV industry is maturing.
20 16 benefited from the California policy. Tesla cut into the BIPV business from photovoltaic roofs by acquiring SolarCity (American home solar system installer), and released the first and second generation solar roofs of BIPV products for European and American houses. At this point, BIPV is really welcomed by Europeans and Americans.
Unlike Europe and America, China's BIPV started at the beginning of this century. In 2004, the concept of BIPV was first introduced to Shenzhen Garden Expo Park and Beijing Pu Tian Industrial Park.
Although BIPV started late, in fact, the BIPV industry has been emerging since 20 10. However, at that time, Europe and the United States blocked the photovoltaic industry in China, and the domestic photovoltaic industry was not perfect, which led to the problems of high manufacturing cost, immature technology accumulation, false policy support and so on, and finally it was difficult to develop BIPV.
It was not until the last two years that China's photovoltaic industry stood in the forefront of the world, and the BIPV industry began to have a good foundation for large-scale industrial development.
According to the statistics of IMSIA, in 20 19, the total installed capacity of BIPV in the world was 1. 15GW, and the penetration rate was only 1%.
Overall, the global BIPV market is still in its infancy, and it is far from large-scale development.
However, in recent years, with the continuous improvement of emission reduction targets around the world, it is the future development trend for buildings to move towards zero energy consumption, and the development of BIPV industry is also gradually accelerating. In this context, the scale of the global BIPV market is also expanding.
Grand View Research optimistically estimates that the global BIPV market will reach $36.74 billion in 2025.
In fact, the economic value of developing BIPV industry in China is much higher than that in developed countries.
China is one of the countries with the richest solar energy resources in the world. Except for a few areas in Northeast China, the average annual sunshine hours in other areas are above 2,600 hours, which makes the BIPV power generation benefit not bad.
As early as 2009, China started the "Solar Roof Plan". In that year, it started the11solar photovoltaic building application demonstration project with an installed capacity of 9 1MW. By 20 1 1, the installed capacity of photovoltaic buildings in China has reached 535.6MW.
After 20 19 "electricity reform" was accelerated, BIPV had more opportunities to participate in the competition. In the same period, the first BIPV Alliance was established in China. Through policy guidance and financial assistance, the "bottleneck" of technology was overcome and a new era of BIPV development was opened.
In addition, the Tenth Five-Year Plan and Carbon Neutralization also clearly pointed out the goal of peak or even negative growth of coal consumption. This means that photovoltaic has ushered in an important development opportunity, and BIPV is welcoming the strongest outlet!
Taking 20 18 as an example, the cumulative installation scale of China BIPV is only about 1. 1GW, and the market scale is expected to be less than 5 billion. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, China's annual construction completion area is about 4 billion square meters. If the penetration rate of BIPV is 2%, the incremental space of newly added buildings will exceed 1000 billion each year, which is far higher than the current market capacity.
The whole industrial chain of BIPV is divided into three parts: upstream photovoltaic cell manufacturers, midstream BIPV system integrators and downstream BIPV applications. From the distribution of the whole industrial chain, the BIPV system integration service in the middle reaches is expected to become the most profitable link.
Longji and Tesla are the two giants in the current BIPV layout. Longji shares face the ToB market and Tesla faces the ToC market.
As mentioned above, Tesla entered the BIPV orbit by acquiring local solar system installers. 20 19 10, Tesla launched the third generation solar roof. The third generation solar roof is a new type of ceramic tile made of black textured glass, which integrates components and roof, and faces the high-end residential market in Europe and America.
It is an inevitable development trend that BIPV will reach a trillion-dollar market scale in the future. Musk has repeatedly publicly stated that solar roofs will become another core business of Tesla after electric vehicles.
In addition to Tesla, Longji, a domestic photovoltaic module giant, has also entered the BIPV market with its accumulated experience in BAPV. 20/kloc-in June, 2009, Longji started to build the first BIPV factory, and in August, 2020, it released the first BIPV product "Ding Long". Other photovoltaic companies such as Jingke, Hanergy, CITIC Bo and Yingli Energy are also launching their own BIPV products.
However, with the approach of photovoltaic parity, "subsidy-driven" will be transformed into "demand-driven", and BIPV will usher in new development opportunities. By then, leading enterprises with advantages of brand, channel and concentration will have obvious opportunities.
The following is a summary of the main manufacturers of BIPV:
Tesla (TSLA): A global leader in solar-powered rooftop BIPV products, has launched the third generation of products.
Longji Co., Ltd. (60 10 12): Domestic BIPV faucet, with Tesla as the benchmark. 20 19 only developed the BIPV market. In 2020, BIPV products such as "Ding Long" and "Jinlong" will be launched to supply industrial and commercial roof customers. The company plans that the revenue of BIPV will reach10 billion in the next five years.
CITIC Bo (688408): BIPV business is still in its infancy. 20 16, BIPV system development, has done enough technology and market accumulation. 20 17, the first BIPV product-Zhi Ding went on sale. In 20 19, it undertook the domestic 40.9MW Mei Wei Ceramics Project in Jiangxi and 3MWBIPV Project in Jiangsu Dongfang Risheng, and contributed millions of income in that year. In 2020, the company launched Zhi Ding iterative products, and the BIPV business further matured.
(Article from: Analyzing Investment)