"Rome wasn't built in a day", when enterprises encounter difficulties, the influencing factors are complex, and statistical analysis shows that the reasons for the operational difficulties of various enterprises are also five flowers. The following is the knowledge I brought to you about the cause analysis of enterprise crisis. Welcome to reading.
The enterprise has poor sales and operating losses.
Enterprises often only pay attention to the profits of products on the "income statement" and ignore the fact that losses may still be incurred on the "balance sheet". In the author's diagnosis and consultation experience, there are many such operators.
The first reason for the collapse of enterprises is "operating loss". If there are operating losses in the short term, enterprises can also use company funds to overcome this dilemma. Over time, they will consider borrowing from financial institutions or using commercial credit loans between enterprises to obtain temporary financing. But if the operating loss is long-term, it is necessary to discuss the root causes and find a solution. Otherwise, the interest burden will only get heavier and heavier, whether it is lending to banks or transferring money to other banks. At this time, enterprises are likely to face a crisis.
Unable to adapt to the ever-changing turbulent environment.
Dinosaurs died because they could not adapt to the changes in the environment; In the current rapidly changing business environment, it also confirms the wisdom of survival of the fittest. For example, Japan's Toyota swept the new American market, forcing American automakers to stop production and lose money.
If the market and customers of small and medium-sized enterprises are too concentrated, their risks cannot be dispersed. If they engage in a single product management form again, once the economy deteriorates, they will be unable to take contingency measures and can only "sit back and wait".
For example, 1982, the economic depression and the government's policy of tightening monetary policy have led to an unprecedented crisis in the housing construction industry. Construction companies have announced refunds and closed down everywhere. Therefore, operators should have keen insight, observe changes in the environment as soon as possible, be able to adapt to changes in the environment, adjust business objectives and policies in time, and avoid bankruptcy crisis.
I don't have enough cash to meet my needs.
The main reason for the difficulty in capital turnover is that the source of funds does not match the service life.
For example, the funds raised were intended for short-term use, but enterprises used them for long-term investments, such as building factories and expanding equipment. Short-term funds are used for long-term investment. When the enterprise needs a lot of funds, or when the short-term loan period comes, the enterprise simply can't come up with the money, and of course there will be turnover difficulties.
There is a common phenomenon in business circles, that is, when the economy is good, it is easy to borrow money from banks, or when inflation continues, they often borrow money to buy real estate. Because at these times, the appreciation rate of real estate is much higher than the interest rate. Once the economy is depressed or there is an oil crisis, the depression becomes more and more serious. If an enterprise buys a lot of real estate without a detailed plan, it will freeze funds because it is not easy to get rid of it, causing serious turnover problems.
Most people often mistakenly think that as long as there is surplus, enterprises will never have difficulties in operating. In fact, enterprises with profits and surpluses will still have "surplus closure" if they have no money and lack working capital (see chapter 15 of this book for details). The purpose of enterprise management is the second, the first is to obtain profits, and the second is to continue to operate; In other words, it is important to make money, and it is equally important to continue to operate! In order to achieve the second goal, there is no other way to achieve smooth capital turnover, but whether the capital turnover is flexible is only a sign of the quality of the enterprise's operating results. Therefore, if it wants to avoid capital turnover, it must trace back to the source, find out where the disease is and eradicate it completely. Otherwise, even if it can be turned over for a while, it will recur one day!
Misunderstanding of diversified investment
Diversification or excessive investment will lead to operational risks.
Diversification has the advantage of spreading risks, but in a recession, any one of these departments may be in danger at the same time. In this way, the risks are not only dispersed, but also concentrated and doubled. Diversified organizations, although they can use profit centers or different company names, will still involve each other because of their close relationship.
Due to the overheated economy, business operators often blindly expand the scale of production and sales, invest heavily in equipment, fail to gain insight into the changes in the marketing market, and do not have enough capital plans, which leads to the bitter fruit that funds are frozen in fixed assets. For example, blindly expanding equipment to double the original production capacity without considering its own weak funds. However, it suffered from a depressed market scene, which greatly reduced the machine rate, led to an increase in interest burden and high fixed costs, resulting in serious losses in its operating performance and bankruptcy.
Insufficient self-owned capital and high loan interest.
Small and medium-sized enterprise operators always hope that one yuan of investment can create one hundred yuan of sales. If the shortage of funds is clumsy, or even high-interest loans lead to an inherently bad financial structure, it is no wonder that the proportion of self-owned capital (total self-owned capital) of ordinary enterprises exceeds 50%.
If we don't pay attention to the business crisis of insufficient capital, once we face the depressed business environment, the effect will be counterproductive. Because your capital is weak, you have to bear heavy interest expenses, which will make the loss more serious, leading to a vicious circle of capital shortage, and reap the consequences.
Be bound by the guarantee of other enterprises
Guaranteeing for other enterprises and losing money, this example is especially common this year, and exchanging tickets with others (checks, promissory notes, promissory notes) also belongs to this type.
Because of the habit of using forward checks as credit tools, endorsement guarantee and bill exchange have become common means of corporate financing. In fact, this practice is extremely risky. For example, in the past, the famous China Plastics Company closed down, and those manufacturers who exchanged checks with China Plastics had no hope of cashing them, but their checks had been discounted by China Plastics to financial institutions, and now these tickets have expired one after another, resulting in a tragic situation of chain closures.
Another example is the crisis of Baolong Company, which has dragged down the mutually assured affiliated enterprises such as Dacheng Great Wall, leading to thorny problems.
More seriously, the business community often likes to start several companies and then guarantee each other. Of course, this is also a deformed phenomenon derived from the style of providing guarantees at the request of financial institutions. In this legal conjoined twins, if a company goes wrong, all related enterprises will be dragged down; Outsiders or business owners want to solve their own problems, and their integrity has become intertwined. It is difficult to sort out a clue, and finally even the subsidiaries that could have survived are dying.
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The reason for excessive inventory may be that the original estimate of the boom was wrong, and excessive expansion led to excessive inventory; Perhaps there is a problem with internal management; Or because you didn't obey orders, and so on. , which may cause turnover problems for manufacturers. In the early days, the famous Housheng Rubber Company had too much inventory, which led to the withdrawal of foreign banks. Fortunately, with the support of major banks, it has avoided the crisis of liquidity problems.
All accounts receivable cannot be recovered smoothly.
It is difficult to recover accounts receivable and the money is delayed; Or the quality of accounts receivable declines, which leads to the bounce of checks and the fate of high bad debts, which drags down the company itself.
Operators are not dedicated.
Operators lack care and management of their own enterprises and are not committed to management. Instead, I spent my energy on communication and public activities outside the enterprise, which unconsciously led to the failure of the enterprise.
Personnel differences within enterprises
If there is an "internal" situation of personnel disagreement within the enterprise, the lighter will reduce productivity, and the heavier will shake the foundation of survival and "dig their own graves", which is the internal responsibility of shareholders and management, and it is most likely to cause the company's crisis.
Secondly, it is the company's cadres. If there is personnel discord among employees, there will be factions, which will destroy each other and cause internal dissatisfaction, thus accelerating the company's predicament.
In addition, the quality of employees and the existence of team concept will also cause danger. Once the company loses money, it will shake employees' confidence in the company, because it may delay the payment of wages, reduce wages, worsen the treatment, or have no hope of raising wages, resulting in employee dissatisfaction. This situation will often accelerate the company's predicament; Therefore, if there is surplus at ordinary times, it is necessary to improve personnel management, promote good employee relations, cultivate the team spirit of employees through thick and thin, let the company get the support of employees in difficult times, and Qi Xin will work together to tide over the difficulties.
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