What is a joint-stock enterprise? Is it public or private?

A joint-stock company refers to a company with shares as its capital, and its shareholders are liable to the company to the extent of the shares subscribed by them. To establish a joint stock limited company, there shall be no less than two promoters and no less than 200 promoters, and the minimum registered capital shall be RMB 5 million. . Because all joint-stock companies must be limited liability companies (but not all limited companies are joint-stock companies), they are generally called "joint-stock companies". Whether the shareholding system is public ownership or private ownership exists in both capitalist and socialist countries. China is a socialist country with many joint-stock enterprises. The official conclusion is that the shareholding system is the realization form of public ownership, and emphasizes "making the shareholding system the main realization form of public ownership", while many netizens think that the shareholding system is the realization form of private ownership because it is based on private shareholding. So does the shareholding system belong to public ownership or private ownership? Before understanding this problem, we must first understand the dialectical relationship between public ownership and private ownership. Public ownership and private ownership are two basic political and economic systems in society, which can neither be considered purely economically nor politically. There is private property protected by the state in society. Is this society private ownership? On the other hand, there is public property in society. Is this society public ownership? We know we can't make such a simple judgment. However, if a society has a lot of private property and a lot of public property protected by the state, what kind of society should such a society be? This really needs our answer. This problem actually involves such a question, that is, whether public ownership and private ownership can exist in the same society, that is, in a society where there are a large number of private property protected by the state and a large number of public property, are there two different ownership systems? If you ask further, it will actually involve such basic conceptual issues as what is public ownership and what is private ownership. Both public ownership and private ownership are state systems, and Marxist proletarian revolutionary theory is to overthrow private ownership and establish a public ownership society. If we think that there are two kinds of ownership in our country, no matter who owns the subject, it means that private ownership actually exists and that we have not carried out any thorough proletarian revolution, which is unacceptable and contrary to historical facts. Moreover, as a national system, it will not be both public ownership and private ownership. No, the national system is unique, either public ownership or private ownership. Socialist public ownership is the product of the socialist revolution and a social system established under the dictatorship of the proletariat after overthrowing the rule of private ownership. Private ownership is a social system in which private individuals possess material wealth under the dictatorship of the exploiting classes after overthrowing the original public ownership. Public ownership includes primitive public ownership, socialist public ownership and capitalist public ownership, which is the highest form of public ownership. Private ownership includes slave society private ownership, feudal private ownership and capitalist private ownership, and capitalist private ownership is the highest form of private ownership. At different stages, public ownership and private ownership have different forms of expression. However, whether in public or private ownership society, it is impossible to implement a simple public ownership economic form, nor can it implement a simple private ownership economic form. In fact, public ownership society also has private forms, and private ownership society also has public forms. For example, in primitive society, the original public ownership was evenly distributed, but after it was distributed to individuals, the distributed things were also protected, and others were not allowed to take them away and be punished, thus embodying the essence of private ownership. Similarly, in capitalist countries, the state-owned economy is also vigorously developed at present, and its economic form is also developing in various forms. In other words, although public ownership and private ownership are opposites, they also have a unified side. Both public ownership and private ownership exist in public ownership society and private ownership society. Pure public society or pure private society never existed. That is to say, whether it is the economic form of private ownership or public ownership, it is the realization form of public ownership in public ownership society, and it is also the realization form of private ownership in private ownership society. Moreover, in terms of function, the economic form of private ownership in public ownership society promotes the development of public ownership, and the economic form of public ownership in private ownership promotes the development of private ownership, so it can survive and develop under different systems. The key to understanding these is to understand the relationship between public ownership and private ownership, and between public ownership and private ownership. As a national system, public ownership and private ownership cannot coexist in any society, either public ownership or private ownership, but the public and private forms are different. They can coexist in private ownership society or public ownership society. From the above analysis, we can better understand that the statement that "public ownership is the main body and various ownership economies develop together" is very wrong, and the state should correct it as soon as possible. Returning to the issue of shareholding system, although there are factors of private ownership of shares, as an organizational form, shareholding system has always been limited to collectivization. Joint-stock enterprises are also open to the public through listing. In theory, the public can become stock owners by buying shares for free. This is similar to the collective form of primary cooperatives in the process of socialist transformation in China. Everyone shares their own finances and cooperates in production, but the finances are still their own. The socialist elements contained in this form are still primary, but it echoes the general situation that China is still in the primary stage of socialism. Joint-stock system is public ownership based on private ownership, and shares are held in private hands one by one. As a legal person, state shares are equivalent to ordinary shareholders here, but on this private basis, the merged shares are unified in one enterprise and become collective ownership of the enterprise, and individuals can no longer control them at will, which shows the characteristics of public ownership. If public ownership based on private ownership such as shareholding system is a form of economic realization, then private ownership based on public ownership also exists. For example, in China, the contract responsibility system is implemented. The land ownership is public, but the right to use it is private, and it is distributed to every farmer equally. Farmers are not interfered by anyone or any department within their own contracting scope, showing the characteristics of private ownership. Public ownership based on private ownership and private ownership based on public ownership complicate the relationship between public ownership and private ownership, both of which exist in public ownership society and private ownership society. Whether it is public ownership based on private ownership or private ownership based on public ownership, as long as they develop, then public ownership and private ownership are developing. This is because both public and private are born of the existence of these two forms of * * * *, and they * * * develop together, and * * * advance and retreat together. In the public ownership society, the proletariat controls the lifeline of the country. On this basis, it is correct to vigorously develop the shareholding system so that the development of the private economy will drive the development of the public economy. At the same time, the state holds shares in enterprises with public property, which increases the publicity of the shareholding system and can ensure that the shareholding system advances along the correct track of public ownership development. Similarly, in capitalist countries, the development of joint-stock public ownership is also promoting the development and growth of private ownership. It can't be said that capitalist countries must engage in socialism if they want to engage in joint-stock system. The key depends on whether they have changed the status quo that the bourgeoisie controls the lifeline of the country. Whether the proletariat or the bourgeoisie controls the lifeline of the country is the main difference between socialism and capitalism. We can make the shareholding system the main form of public ownership, but we should pay attention to strengthening the control of the proletariat working people on the lifeline of the country, firmly controlling the political power and the lifeline of the country's economy, so as to adhere to our socialist construction direction. Excerpted from /cirdbbs/dispbs.asp? boardid = 29 & ampId= 1 17720