The classification unit number of the national standard plot 1 is 445121010302, which is located in Long Xue Cun, Anbu Town, Chao 'an County. Used as basic farmland, the utilization status is paddy field. The standard plot has deep soil layer, heavy loam soil, organic matter content of 2.74%, pH value of 5.65, profile configuration of all soil, low groundwater level, flat field surface, irrigation condition of 1 and drainage condition of 2. See Figure 7-1 for the landscape and profile of the national standard plot1.
Figure 7- 1 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot
2. National standard sample plots 2
The classification unit number of GB Plot 2 is 445 12 1053003, which is located in Biandi Village, dongfeng town, Chao 'an County. Used as basic farmland, the current utilization status is paddy field. The standard plot has deep soil layer, heavy loam soil, organic matter content of 2.67%, pH value of 6, profile configuration of all soil, low groundwater level, flat field surface, irrigation condition of 1 and drainage condition of 2. See Figure 7-2 for the landscape and profile of National Standard Plot 2.
Figure 7-2 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot 2
3. National standard plots 3
GB No.3 plot is located in Miaobei Village, Lingshan Town, Panyu District, and its classification unit number is 44011313203144. The standard plot is representative and can represent the agricultural land situation in Panyu, which is the best cultivated land with the best agricultural production conditions and land quality in this area.
Panyu has a subtropical monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 265,438 0.9℃. The average temperature in Leng Yue still reaches 13.3℃ in June, 28.4℃ in July, with frost-free period of more than 340 days, average accumulated temperature of 8000℃ and average annual precipitation of1655.7mm.
The soil type of this standard plot belongs to mud field. The plough layer is thick, 7 ~ 2 1 cm, with moderate proportion of sand and mud, soft structure, honeycomb shape, easy to plow and harrow, black mud oil, and easy to bead in the open field. Strong fertility and stable stamina. Good soil structure, water and fertilizer conservation, hydrophobic and breathable. Moderate pH, no rust and other toxic substances. Its profile features are as follows: ① 0 ~ 2 1 cm: yellow-gray, loamy, honeycomb structure, soft, with a few rust spots, many pores, many and thick roots, pH 7；; ② 2 1 ~ 46 cm: dark gray, clayey loam, massive structure, slightly solid, obvious rust spots, few pores, many roots, and pH value of 7.2; ③ 46 ~ 100 cm: grayish yellow, clayey loam, massive structure, soft, obvious iron rust spots, many pores, few roots, pH 7.3.
The standard sample plot is located in the plain area, with a flat terrain and an altitude below10m. The farmland capital construction is in good condition, the infrastructure is sound, the sample plot is flat, and the irrigation and drainage facilities are fully guaranteed. Rice yields 850 kilograms per mu. Close to the urban area, convenient transportation and high degree of intensification. The main crops have high economic benefits, and the land use coefficient is 0.722 for early rice, 0.66 1 for late rice, 0.687 for early rice and 0.638 for late rice. See Figure 7-3 for the landscape and profile of National Standard Plot 3.
Figure 7-3 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot 3
4. National standard plots 4
The standard plot is located in Paotai Town, Jiedong County, Jieyang City, and is a basic farmland protection area. The classification unit number is 44522 10503005, which belongs to collective land. The natural quality index, utilization index and economic index of this unit are 3 128, 267 1 and 2269 respectively.
The soil type of this standard plot belongs to muddy paddy soil, and the organic matter content of the surface soil is 1.87%. The surface soil texture is medium loam, the soil layer is deep, the structure is good, the surface soil is soft and fertile, and the water and fertilizer conservation performance is good. The soil configuration is soil/sticky/sticky, with no barrier layer, no soil erosion and pollution. This soil is a high-yield field cultivated for a long time and carefully cultivated.
Figure 7-4 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot 4
The standard plot is located in the plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain and large slope.
5. National standard plots 5
This standard plot is located in Fengnan Village, Jinggang Office, Jieyang City, and its classification unit number is 4452040 1042 1, which belongs to collective land. The natural quality index of this unit is 3 158, the utilization index is 2690, and the economic index is 2238.
The soil type of the standard sample plot is muddy soil, which belongs to the floodplain accumulated soil in paddy soil and is dark brown, and the organic matter content of the surface soil is above 3%. The surface soil texture is medium loam, the soil layer is deep, the structure is good, the surface soil is soft and fertile, and the water and fertilizer conservation performance is good. The soil configuration is all soil, without interlayer, soil erosion and pollution. This soil is a high-yield field cultivated for a long time and carefully cultivated.
The standard plot is located in the plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain and large slope.
Figure 7-5 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot 5
6. National standard plots 6
The standard plot is located in Dongzhai Village, Xinan Office, Jieyang City, and its classification unit number is 44520403 100 1, which belongs to the basic farmland protection area.
The soil type of this standard sample plot is muddy soil, which belongs to floodplain accumulated soil in paddy soil and is dark brown, and the organic matter content of the surface soil is above 3%. The surface soil texture is medium loam, the soil layer is deep, the structure is good, the surface soil is soft and fertile, and the water and fertilizer conservation performance is good. The soil configuration is all soil, without interlayer, soil erosion and pollution. This soil is a high-yield field cultivated for a long time and carefully cultivated.
The standard plot is located in the plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain and large slope.
Figure 7-6 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot 6
7. National standard plots 7
The standard plot is located in Wenche Village, lintou town City, Dianbai County, and its classification unit number is 44092300702 100 1, which is located in Fufo Village, Xiangang Town. The utilization type is irrigated paddy field, and the soil parent material is developed from river alluvium, and the profile configuration is all soil. The topsoil of the plough layer is loam, moist and loose, dark brown-gray, with fine particles, granular structure, complete pores and a large number of animal residues and plant roots. The lower part of the plough layer is grayish yellow-brown, with more water and more root tissue. The thickness of the whole plough layer is 25 cm. The bottom of the plow is charcoal black, red and moist, with fine particles, slightly tight soil, a small amount of plant root tissue and a thickness of about 20 cm. The heart soil layer is yellow-red, moist and dense, with rust spots and few traces of roots. The parent material layer is loam, moist and about 50 cm thick.
After observation, the standard plot has no calcium nodules, intrusions and barriers, good irrigation facilities and excellent drainage conditions, and is close to residential areas, which is convenient for farming. The average annual output of early rice is above 7500 kg/ha, and that of late rice is above 7500 kg/ha. The annual average temperature is 26℃, the accumulated temperature is 8 1 15℃, the frost-free period is 340 days, and the annual average precipitation is1750 mm. Its land use type is paddy field, which belongs to mud-bottom field with deep soil layer and complete soil profile. See Figure 7-7 for the landscape and profile of National Standard Plot 7.
Figure 7-7 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot 7
8. National standard plots 8
This standard plot is located in Bajiaoshan Village, Baoguang Street, Gaozhou City, and its classification unit number is 440981014013016. Its utilization type is irrigated paddy field, the soil parent material is river alluvial material, and the profile configuration is all soil. The topsoil is heavy soil, hard and cracked in drought, light gray in wet, with massive structure, complete pores, medium plant root tissue, rust color and strong water and fertilizer retention. The thickness of the whole plough layer is about 30 cm. The bottom of the plow is grayish yellow, with block structure, dense soil and a small amount of plant root tissue, and the thickness is about 15 cm. The reservoir is grayish yellow with prismatic structure, dense soil, rusty and wet, containing a small amount of root tissue, and the thickness is about 40 cm. The parent material layer is yellow-gray and soft.
After observation, the standard plot has no intrusive body and barrier layer, good irrigation facilities, excellent drainage conditions and convenient farming. The average annual output of early rice is 7500 kg/ha, and that of late rice is 7500 kg/ha. See Figure 7-8 for the landscape and profile of National Standard No.8 plot.
Figure 7-8 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot 8
Figure 7-9 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot 9
9. National standard plots 9
This standard plot is located in Zhonghe Village, Xindong Town, Gaozhou City, and its classification unit number is 440981019017013. The land use type is irrigated paddy field, the soil parent material is weathered granite and gneiss, and the profile configuration is all soil. The topsoil of the tillage layer is light, dry, loose, taupe, with granular structure, well-developed pores, well-developed plant root tissues and few traces of animal activities. The thickness of the whole plough layer is about 25 cm. The bottom of the plow is grayish brown, wet, dense, and contains a small amount of plant root tissue, with a thickness of about 20 cm. The parent material layer is dark gray, wet and soft, and about 50 cm thick.
After observation, the standard plot has no intrusive body and barrier layer, good irrigation facilities, excellent drainage conditions and convenient farming. The average annual output of early rice is 8250kg/ha, and that of late rice is 6750kg/ha. See Figure 7-9 for the landscape and profile of National Standard No.9 plot.
10. GB plot 10
This standard plot is located in Baluo Village, Diaofang Town, xingning city, and its classification unit number is 4414810502001,which belongs to collective land. The natural quality index, utilization index and economic index of this unit are 32 15, 2972 and 2644 respectively.
The soil type of this standard plot is paddy soil muddy field, with distinct layers, deep plough layer, light loam to heavy loam, moderate sand-mud ratio, broken or micro-aggregate structure, good permeability, soft and slippery, well cultivated, rich in organic matter, total nitrogen and total potassium, moderate in phosphorus content, with an average organic matter content of 3.95% and an average total nitrogen content of 0. The pH value of the plough layer is slightly acidic to neutral, and the plough bottom layer is blocky. The texture is moderate to heavy soil, which is relatively dense and has suitable water and fertilizer retention capacity and leakage capacity. The loam to heavy loam in the aquifer is conducive to the exchange of water and substances between the upper and lower layers, and is conducive to the deep rooting of crop roots. Mud meat field is a high-yield paddy soil with high maturity after long-term application of farm organic fertilizer, intensive cultivation and intensive cultivation.
The standard plot is located in the plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain and large slope.
Figure 7- 10 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot
1 1. GB plot 1 1.
This standard plot is located in Nalang Village, Tang Peng Town, Lianjiang City, and its classification unit number is 44088 1 170400. The land use type is irrigated paddy field, the soil type is muddy mud field, the soil parent material is weathered granite, and the cross-sectional shape is all soil. Topsoil of the plough layer is medium soil, moist and loose, light grayish yellow, with well-developed fragment structure and pores, well-developed plant root system and traces of animal activities. The thickness of the whole plough layer is about 20 cm.
After observation, the standard plot has no intrusive body and barrier layer, good irrigation facilities, excellent drainage conditions and convenient farming. The average annual output of early rice is 6500 kg/ha, and that of late rice is 6500 kg/ha. See figure 7-11for the landscape and profile of the national standard plot1.
Figure 7- 1 1 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot
12. National Standard Plot 12
The standard plot is located in Tangtan Village, Zhou Xin Street, Qingcheng District, Qingyuan City. The classification unit number is 44 18020 107004, and the area is 45. 19 hectares (the plot area is 0.2 hectares). The annual average temperature is 22. 1℃, the accumulated temperature is 7000℃, and the frost-free period is 3004. The present situation of land use is paddy field, the soil type is river mud field, the soil texture is heavy loam, the profile configuration is whole soil, the organic matter content is 2.692%, the soil layer thickness is 100 cm, the soil nutrient status is good, the total nitrogen content is 0. 145%, the total phosphorus content is 0.080%, the total potassium content is 2.394%, and the available phosphorus is available. The plot is rectangular, 2 kilometers away from the central town and 2 meters wide. Irrigation guarantee rate and drainage conditions are first-class, without pollution. The standard grain output of early rice is 6075 kg/ha, late rice is 5925 kg/ha, and winter sweet potato is 17287 kg/ha, so the total standard grain output is 20644 kg/ha.
The natural quality index of the standard plot is 2927, and the natural quality index is 15, etc. The utilization index is 2662, and the utilization index is 14. Economic index 2 169, economic index 1 1. See fig. 7-12 for the landscape and profile of the national standard plot12.
Figure 7- 12 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot
13. National Standard Plot 13
This standard plot is located in Qiaoqian Village, Jinzao Town, Chaoyang District, Shantou City, and its classification unit number is 44051310600701,which belongs to permanent agricultural land. The soil type belongs to Kuroshio mud field, which belongs to tidal sand mud field in paddy soil. This kind of soil has deep soil layer, good ploughability, wide adaptability and high nutrient content. The soil texture is mainly heavy loam, and the soil profile configuration is whole soil.
The standard plot is located in the plain, with open and flat terrain, gentle terrain and large slope.
Figure 7- 13 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot
14. National Standard Plot 14
This standard plot is located in Huang Wu Village, Danxia Town, Renhua County, Shaoguan City, and its classification unit number is 440224 108204002. It belongs to permanent agricultural land and is within the scope of basic farmland protection areas. Geographical coordinates are 1 13 10.826', 25 29.688' north latitude,112m above sea level.
Figure 7- 14 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot
The soil property of the standard plot is sandy field, the soil texture is medium soil, the soil pH value is 6.0, the organic matter content is 2.5%, there is no barrier layer, there is no rock exposure in the field, and the soil profile configuration is all soil and there is no soil pollution. The plot is flat, the infrastructure is complete, and the drainage capacity is good, which can completely guarantee irrigation. Close to the town, it belongs to hilly area, with convenient transportation, no industrial workshop around, no industrial pollution, and a high degree of intensive agricultural utilization. The production conditions and utilization level of early rice, late rice, peanut and sweet potato are among the highest in the town, with the land utilization coefficient reaching 0.736 1 and the land economic coefficient reaching 0.7888. The utilization index and economic index of the agricultural land classification unit where the plot is located are 2 17 1 and 1599 respectively. The natural quality of agricultural land is 15, the utilization index is 1 1 and the economic index is 8. Early rice 1000 kg/mu, late rice 1000 kg/mu, sweet potato 2000 kg/mu, peanut 300 kg/mu, the highest in the town. See fig. 7-14 for the landscape and profile of the national standard plot14.
15. National Standard Plot 15
This standard plot is located in Gao Lian Village, Dongtang Town, Renhua County, Shaoguan City, and its classification unit number is 440224 1052 19009, which belongs to permanent agricultural land and is within the scope of basic farmland protection areas. Geographical coordinates are113 39.578' east longitude, 25 04.474' north latitude and altitude 10 1 m.
The soil of this standard plot is mud field, with medium soil quality, soil pH value of 7.0, organic matter content of 2.5%, no barrier layer, no rock exposure in the field, all-soil soil profile configuration and no soil pollution. The plot has flat terrain, perfect infrastructure, good irrigation conditions and perfect drainage facilities. Close to the town, it belongs to hilly area, with convenient transportation, no industrial workshops around, no industrial pollution, and a high degree of intensive agricultural utilization. The production conditions and utilization level of early rice, late rice, peanuts and sweet potatoes belong to the highest category in the town. The land utilization coefficient of the agricultural land classification unit where the plot is located is 0.7500, the land economic coefficient is 0.7503, and the utilization index and economic index are 2 187 and 1773 respectively. The natural quality is 15, and the utilization rate and economy are 1 1 and 9 respectively. Early rice 1000 kg/mu, late rice 1000 kg/mu, sweet potato 2000 kg/mu, peanut 490 kg/mu, the highest in the town. See fig. 7-15 for the landscape and profile of the national standard plot15.
Figure 7- 15 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot
16. National Standard Plot 16
The standard plot is located in Sugong Village, Baitu Town, qujiang district City, Shaoguan City. Its taxonomic unit number is 4402211009008, and its geographical coordinates are 24 41'55 "north latitude and 0/3 28 east longitude. The use is basic farmland, the present situation of land use is paddy field, and the soil texture is sandy mud field. The soil-forming parent material is wide valley alluvial deposit with deep soil layer, and the effective soil layer thickness is greater than1m. The profile configuration of the soil is all soil, the surface texture is middle soil, the organic matter content is 2.9%, the pH value is 5.9, the diving depth is above 100cm, the plot is flat, the farmland infrastructure is complete, the irrigation and drainage conditions are 1, and the farming system is double cropping a year, with the output of early rice of 9000 kg/ha and late rice of 8250 kg/ha. The natural quality of agricultural land in this plot is 15, the utilization rate is 12, and the economic quality is 10. See fig. 7-16 for the landscape and profile of the national standard plot16.
Figure 7- 16 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot
17. National Standard Plot 17
The standard plot is located in Niangang Village, Niangang Town, Gaoyao City, and its classification unit number is 44 12830403002. The annual average temperature is 26℃, the accumulated temperature is 8 1 15℃, the frost-free period is 340 days, and the annual average precipitation is1750 mm. The land use type is paddy field, which belongs to mud field, and the profile configuration is all soil. Located in the plain area, the field surface is flat, the effective thickness of soil layer is about 140 cm, the groundwater level is below 60 cm, and there are no calcium nodules, intrusions and barriers. The topsoil of the plough layer is medium soil, with more clay particles, but the structural permeability is acceptable. It is taupe, with high water content, good water and fertilizer conservation performance, rich in organic matter, high in available nitrogen and medium to high in available potassium, but lacking in available phosphorus, animal residues and more plant roots. The thickness of the whole plough layer is about 20 cm. The core soil layer is brownish gray, containing a lot of rust spots and streaks, with fine particles and high wettability. The subsoil is brown and massive, with heavy and dense soil, high water content and slow drainage. Irrigation guarantee rate 1, pollution-free, close to residential areas. The average annual output of early rice is 7400kg/ha, and that of late rice is 7250kg/ha. The natural quality index is 3042, and the natural quality index is 16. The utilization index is 2788, and the utilization index is 14. Economic index 26 14, economic index 14. See fig. 7-17 for the landscape and profile of the national standard plot17.
Figure 7- 17 Landscape and Profile of National Standard Plot