Dupont is the largest chemical company in the world, established in 1802. From 1980 to fine chemical industry, it started later than Germany and Japan, but it developed rapidly. The company aims to improve quality, reduce costs and improve the market competitiveness of general products in the past. Since 1980s, it has expanded the production of special chemicals, mainly fine chemical products, such as pesticides, drugs, special polymers and composite materials. The company's long-term goal is to develop life science products, such as health care products, anticancer, anti-aging drugs and bionic medical products. From 65438 to 0995, the company earned $3.3 billion.
Dow Chemical Company was established in 1897. At the end of 1970s, through product structure adjustment, we strengthened the production of medicine and various engineering polymers, especially automotive coatings and adhesives. In 1973, the company's output value of fine chemicals was only $540 million, and the rate of fine chemicals was 18%, which soared to 50% in 1996. In the early 1990s, the total output value was $20 billion, and the output value of fine chemicals accounted for110 billion.
BASF, Hearst and Bayer are the three pillars of German chemical enterprises. Most of them increase investment by means of merger, transfer and sale, implement core business with the strength of technical force, and try their best to increase the proportion of core business and the market share of leading products. Focus on the development of high-tech fields such as health care and medical supplies, agricultural chemicals, electronic chemicals, medical diagnostic supplies, information and video supplies, aerospace chemicals and new materials, and greatly improve the scientific and technological content and economic benefits of fine chemical products. For example, the sales of BASF's special products, such as coatings and photosensitive resins, increased from 65438+ 1 1% in 1980 to 30% in 1995. The company's turnover in 1994 was 46.2 billion Deutsche Mark, that in Hearst 1996 was 52/kloc-0.0 million Deutsche Mark, and that in Bayer 1994 was 26.7 billion dollars. They all attach great importance to the development of high technology. By the end of 1995, Bayer had obtained 155000 patents and 24000 products. Its leading pharmaceutical product has a history of 100 years.
Ciba-Jiaji Company of Switzerland is a world-famous manufacturer of pesticides, medicines, dyes, additives, cosmetics, detergents and aviation adhesives. And it is the only large enterprise in the world that outsources all raw materials to develop fine chemicals. 1994 turnover 16 1 100 million USD, and the rate of fine chemicals ranks first in the world, reaching over 80%.
Developed countries constantly adjust the product structure of chemical industry according to the needs of economic benefits and development, as well as the guidance of market, environment and resources. The focus of their transformation is fine chemical industry, and the development of fine chemical industry has become a worldwide trend. 199 1 year global sales of fine chemicals are more than 40 billion dollars, mainly in western Europe, the United States and Japan. In the early 1990s, the rate of fine chemicals in developed countries was about 55%, and it rose to 60% in the late 1990s. The development speed of fine chemicals has been higher than other industries. Take the United States as an example In the late 1980s, the growth rate of industry was 2.9%, while that of fine chemicals was as high as 5%. The main goal of their development is to expand the production of special products such as medical and health products, electronic chemicals, special polymers and composite materials, and vigorously develop life science products, such as anticancer drugs, bionic medical products, pollution-free and efficient herbicides and fungicides.
Since China took fine chemical industry as its key development goal in 1980s, the policy has been tilted and developed rapidly. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, there were 10 fine chemical technology development centers, with an annual production capacity of more than 8 million tons and about 1 10,000 kinds of products, with an annual output value of 90 billion yuan, which laid a certain foundation. By the end of the 20th century, the rate of fine chemicals reached 35%. Compared with foreign developed countries, there is a big gap. They need16,000 kinds of fine chemicals, and the electronics industry alone needs more than 7,000 kinds of color TVs. The matching rate of domestic products is less than 20%, and the rest are all imported. Others are in short supply in terms of fabric finishing agents and leather finishing agents. In addition, the quality, variety, technical level, equipment and experience of fine chemical products in China can not meet the needs of many industries.
Every year, there will be a slack season for fine chemicals. Before China's entry into WTO, March-May, August-165438+10 were the peak seasons, while 65438+February-February was a little lighter, and June-July was very poor. At present, it mainly depends on the situation of the international chemical industry, but generally, it fluctuates little, generally following the oil price and depending on the situation of the textile industry.