According to the relevant regulations of China, foreign investors can invest in Pizhou in the following ways:
A. sino-foreign joint ventures
B. Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises
C. wholly foreign-owned enterprises
D. foreign-invested companies limited by shares
E.BOT project (construction-operation-handover)
F. Cooperative development
G. Compensation trade
H. Processing and assembly
I. International leasing
J. Technology transfer
exclusively foreign-owned enterprise
Foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals, in accordance with the laws of China, have the legal personality of China and are limited liability companies, and all risks and profits are borne and enjoyed by the sole proprietorship enterprise.
Chinese-foreign joint venture
Foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals, as well as companies, enterprises or other economic organizations in China and economic entities in China. Sino-foreign joint ventures are limited liability companies with legal personality in China. With the subscribed capital contribution and the proportion of capital contribution, Party B shall bear its corporate debts and share its rights and interests, which shall be protected by the laws of China. In a joint venture, the proportion of foreign investors shall not be less than 25%.
Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises
Foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals, in China, and companies, enterprises or other economic organizations in China, are economic entities and contractual joint ventures according to the enterprise contracts signed by both parties. The contract stipulates the rights and obligations of both parties, the distribution of income or the sharing of risks and debts, as well as the management mode and liquidation method of the enterprise.
(B) Mainland economic entities investment model
Mainland economic entities can invest in Pizhou in the following ways:
A. wholly-owned enterprises in the mainland
B. Joint operation between the Mainland and Pizhou
C. joint ventures between mainland and foreign investors
D. cooperation between the mainland and foreign businessmen
E. Mainland joint venture Pizhou and foreign joint venture
F. Technology transfer
Buy, share, contract and lease all kinds of enterprises in this city.
(3) Other modes of cooperation in foreign investment can be flexibly determined through consultation.
1. Three ways to use foreign capital
(1) Direct utilization of foreign capital. Including Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises, wholly foreign-owned enterprises, cooperative development, compensation trade, processing with supplied materials, etc.
(2) Indirect use of foreign capital. That is, borrowing various foreign loans, including low-and medium-interest loans from foreign governments and international financial organizations, export credit, bank loans, issuing securities and stocks, leasing, etc.
(3) Accept all kinds of free assistance. Including accepting funds, materials and technical assistance from foreign governments, international organizations and individuals.
2. Three ways to attract foreign direct investment
(1) Sino-foreign joint venture (joint venture). A joint venture refers to an enterprise established in accordance with the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Chinese-foreign Joint Ventures and its implementing regulations. It is an enterprise invested and established in China by one or several foreign companies, enterprises, individuals and other economic organizations with the approval of the China Municipal Government. It is a legal person in China, protected and governed by the laws of China. The joint venture is a limited liability company, and the liability of all parties to the joint venture to the enterprise is limited to their respective registered capital, in which the proportion of foreign investors' contribution shall not be less than 25% of the registered capital. The parties to a joint venture may make capital contributions in cash, in kind (buildings, factories, machinery and equipment or other materials), industrial property rights, patented technology and the right to use the site (only applicable to China joint venture). (to be determined by both parties through consultation based on the principle of fairness and reasonableness). If the Chinese side contributes capital with state-owned assets, it must be evaluated by the state-owned assets management department. The term of the joint venture shall be determined by the parties to the joint venture through consultation according to the specific characteristics of different industries and projects. Generally speaking, the term of a joint venture is 10 to 30 years, and some projects can reach 50 years. Within the scope of the approved contract, the joint venture fully enjoys the right to operate independently and pays taxes according to law. When a joint venture is dissolved, its property, creditor's rights and debts must be fully liquidated.
(2) Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises (cooperative enterprises). A contractual joint venture refers to an enterprise established by foreign enterprises, individuals or other economic organizations in cooperation with enterprises or other economic organizations in China with the approval of the China Municipal Government and in accordance with the provisions of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Sino-foreign Joint Ventures. The parties to the cooperation are cooperative relations based on cooperation, each of which bears risks and losses for its own capital contribution and shares profits according to the proportion stipulated in the contract.
(3) Wholly foreign-owned enterprises (wholly foreign-owned enterprises). Wholly foreign-owned enterprises refer to independent accounting enterprises established in China by foreign enterprises, individuals or other economic organizations with the approval of the China Municipal Government in accordance with the laws of China. All the capital is invested by foreign investors themselves and is protected and governed by the laws of China. A wholly-owned enterprise shall conduct business management activities in accordance with the articles of association approved by the China Municipal Government without interference; A wholly-owned enterprise may hire and dismiss its employees, but it must sign a contract according to law; Wholly-owned enterprises solve the balance of foreign exchange payments by themselves; The raw materials and fuels required by a wholly-owned enterprise can be purchased at home and abroad; A wholly-owned enterprise must set up accounting books in China for independent accounting, and its legal profits, other legal income and funds after liquidation can be remitted abroad; A wholly foreign-owned enterprise shall be subject to the administration and supervision of the foreign exchange, customs, accounting, auditing, taxation and industrial and commercial administration departments of China according to law.
3. Qualifications of the parties to the joint venture.
The parties to a joint venture shall meet the following conditions: ① Foreign companies, enterprises and other economic organizations and individuals of a joint venture may sign joint venture contracts with companies, enterprises or other economic organizations in China to establish a joint venture, but they shall submit copies of documents registered locally, and the chairman, president or general manager or their authorized persons. Individuals can also negotiate with domestic companies, enterprises or other economic organizations to establish joint ventures as long as they can provide bank deposit information to prove that they really have economic ability. The Chinese side of a joint venture should generally be an economic entity with independent property, independent accounting, legal approval, industrial and commercial business license and independent civil liability. (3) Joint ventures and foreign investors form new joint ventures. As long as foreign investors invest more than 25% in a new enterprise and are allowed to set up after approval, it is also regarded as a foreign-invested enterprise. Joint ventures and other domestic enterprises show that as long as the products are oriented to the international market or advanced in production, new enterprises are also encouraged and enjoy preferential policies for foreign-invested enterprises.
New ways of investment and financial management
Foreign exchange margin trading can increase your purchasing power. This is a simple example: if you have $2,000 in cash in the margin account and allow the leverage ratio of 65,438+000: 65,438+0, you can buy foreign exchange as high as $200,000, because you only need to show the purchase price of 65,438+0% in your account as a guarantee. In other words,
Benefits of profit
With more purchasing power, you can increase all your investment returns with less cash expenditure. To be sure, margin trading will expand your profits and losses.
The following is a hypothetical example showing the peer-to-peer trading of margin:
In a margin account with a balance of $5,000, you decide to underestimate the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Swiss franc. To achieve this strategy, you must buy dollars (and sell francs at the same time) and wait for the exchange rate to rise. At present, the buying/selling exchange rate of USD/CHF is 1.6322/ 1.6327. (That is to say, you can buy 1 USD or sell 1 USD with1CHF. You execute this transaction, buy one order, buy 100000 USD, and sell 163270 Swiss francs. Under the leverage of 100: 1, your initial deposit for this transaction was 1000 USD, and now your account balance is 4000 USD. As you expected, USD/CHF rose to 1.6435/40. You can exchange 1 USD at the price of 1.6435 or buy 1 USD with 1.6640 Swiss francs. Since you are bullish on dollars (bearish on francs), you must sell dollars and buy back francs to make a profit. You close your position and sell a single order (sell $ 100000 and change it to 164350 Swiss francs). Since you initially sold (paid) 163270 Swiss francs, your profit is 1080 Swiss francs. To calculate your profit and loss in dollars, just divide 1080 by the current dollar/Swiss franc price 1.6435, and your profit here is $ 657. 13. Summary of initial investment: 1000 USD
Profit: $657.65438 +03
Return on investment: 65.7%
If you don't use leverage to execute this transaction, your return on investment will be less than 1%.
Manage margin account
Margin trading may be a profit strategy, but it is important that you take the time to understand the risks.
You should make sure that you fully understand how your margin account works. Please be sure to read the deposit agreement between you and your settlement company. If you have any questions, please communicate with your customer representative.
When the margin in your account drops to a preset point, the position in your account may be partially or completely closed.
You won't receive the notice of additional margin until your position is closed.
You should check the total amount of your margin to reach the specified benchmark, and use a stop loss order to limit the downside risk every time you execute a position.
The foreign exchange market, also known as "Forex" or "FX" market, is the largest financial market in the world, with an average daily turnover of more than 65,438+0 trillion US dollars-30 times that of all securities markets in the United States.
"Foreign exchange trading" means buying one of a pair of currencies at the same time and selling the other. Foreign exchange is traded in the form of currency pairs, such as Euro/USD or USD/JPY.
There are two main reasons for foreign exchange transactions. About 5% of daily transaction turnover is due to companies and government departments buying or selling their products and services abroad, or having to convert the profits they earn abroad into their own currencies. The other 95% transactions are for profit or speculation.
For profitable investors, the best trading opportunity is always to trade the most frequently traded (and therefore the most liquid) currencies, which are called "major currencies". Today, about 85% of daily transactions are conducted in these major currencies, including US dollar, Japanese yen, Euro, British pound, Swiss franc, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar.
The foreign exchange trading market is a 24-hour global trading market. Market trading starts from Sydney every day. With the rotation of the earth, the business days of every financial center in the world will start in turn, first in Tokyo, then in London and new york. Different from other financial markets, investors in foreign exchange trading can respond to foreign exchange fluctuations caused by economic, social and political events, whether during the day or at night.
The foreign exchange trading market is an over-the-counter (OTC) or "in-bank" trading market, because in fact, foreign exchange transactions are reached by both parties through telephone or electronic trading network. Unlike the stock and futures markets, foreign exchange transactions are not concentrated in one exchange.
If you are interested in trading foreign exchange online, you will find that the foreign exchange trading market has many advantages over the securities market.
24-hour transaction
Foreign exchange trading is a 24-hour market, which provides a major advantage over securities trading. No matter from 6 pm or 6 am, no matter where in the world, there are always buyers and sellers actively trading foreign exchange. Traders can always react quickly to new news, and their profits and losses will not be affected by profit reports or analysts' suggestions after a few hours.
A few hours later, the American Stock Exchange brought many restrictions. ECN (Electronic Communication Network) is usually called a matching system, which exists to connect the buyer and the seller as much as possible. However, there is no guarantee that any transaction will be executed or the transaction price will be reasonable. In order to get a better spread, it is common for traders to wait until the market opens the next day.
More transparent processes
The volume of foreign exchange trading is 50 times that of new york stock trading. There are always brokers/dealers willing to buy and sell foreign exchange in the foreign exchange market. The transparency of this market, especially those major foreign currencies, will ensure the stability of market prices. Traders always open or close positions at open market prices.
Because of the lower trading volume, investors in the stock market are more vulnerable to changes in transparency risk, which will lead to a wider range of price differences or changes due to any larger transactions.
The leverage ratio is 100: 1
The leverage of 100: 1 usually comes from online cross-trading, and they exceed the usual margin ratio of 2: 1 provided by securities dealers. At 100: 1, the trader shows that the margin of 10000 USD position is 10000 USD, or expressed as 1%.
Although it is certainly not suitable for everyone, this kind of leverage is effective and a powerful tool to make money from the practicality provided by online foreign exchange trading companies. Of course, it is not misunderstood by many people, just taking the risk burden. In the foreign exchange market, leverage is necessary because the average daily price change of major currencies is less than 1%, but a stock may easily change its price 10% on any given day.
The most effective way to manage risk in margin trading is to learn to follow a conventional trading style, that is, often use stop loss and limit position orders. Be careful to control your feelings in the system operation.
Reduce transaction costs
Judging from the commission and transaction costs, foreign exchange transactions are relatively low in cost. Forex.com does not charge any commission or handling fee; But at the same time, it still provides traders with all relevant market information and convenience of trading tools. On the contrary, the commission for stock trading ranges from $7.95 to $29.95 per online discount brokerage transaction. However, if you trade through a full-service broker, you will be charged a commission of 100 or more per order.
More importantly, it is necessary to consider that in foreign exchange transactions, regardless of the size of the transaction, the density of the bid/offer price difference is usually 5 points or less; (1 point is 0.000 1 minute). Generally, the spread width in foreign exchange trading is smaller than110 in stock trading. Stock trading may contain a spread of 0. 125( 1/8).
A market where potential profits are both rising and falling.
In every foreign exchange trading position, investors are bullish on one foreign exchange and bearish on another. A short position refers to a position in which traders sell foreign exchange when they predict that it will depreciate. This means that the potential profit will potentially be a market that rises and falls together.
Compared with securities trading, there is another obvious advantage that foreign exchange can be sold without any restrictions. In the American stock market, according to the zero-rise rule, investors are not allowed to short stocks unless the price of the previous transaction is soon equal to or lower than the selling price.
The global foreign exchange trading market is the largest and most active financial trading market in the world. The daily trading volume of the foreign exchange market exceeds 65,438+0 trillion US dollars, which is also the most important financial transaction.
Foreign exchange brings more benefits than currency futures trading. The difference between them lies in the development history, customers and the connection with the modern foreign exchange trading market. More specifically, transaction cost, margin, liquidity, simplicity of operation and scientific and academic support provided by suppliers are all different. The following are their differences:
More trading volume = better liquidity. The daily turnover of currency futures is only 1% of the foreign exchange market. Unparalleled liquidity is one of the many advantages of foreign exchange trading over currency futures trading. Any foreign exchange trading professional can tell you that as early as the 1970s, cash was paramount in the modern foreign exchange trading market. Now, in fact, every individual trader with different risk management investments can have the best investment opportunities in the foreign exchange trading market.
The foreign exchange market provides a smaller bid-ask spread than the futures market. As for the USD/CHF example above, the trading price of futures is .5894-.5897, and the market price is 1.6958- 1.6966. The spread of futures is 8 points, while the market price is 5 points.
Compared with futures trading, foreign exchange trading provides higher leverage and lower margin. In futures trading, traders have different daytime trading margins and overnight trading margins. The collection of these deposits is also determined by different transaction amounts. Foreign exchange. On the other hand, COM's foreign exchange trading provides customers with a unified margin, whether it is day trading or night trading.
The foreign exchange market uses simple and global vocabulary and quotations. The quotation of currency futures is just the opposite of the market quotation. For example, the market price of USD/CHF is1.7100/1.7105, and the corresponding futures quotation is .5894/.5897, which is for futures trading only.
Currency futures prices include foreign exchange forward transactions, and the following factors must be considered: time, interest rate and spread between different currencies. In the foreign exchange market, there is no need to adjust, calculate and use or consider the interest rate of futures contracts.
Foreign exchange transactions through Forex.com are commission-free. Currency futures trading must charge commissions, trading and clearing fees. These charges directly reduce the trading interests of traders.
More different from foreign exchange trading, currency futures are only a very small part of the financial market that has undergone tremendous changes in the past 10 years.
Currency futures contract (IMM contract or international money market futures for short) 1972 was produced in Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
These contracts were established by market professionals, and at that time, their trading volume reached 99% of the entire currency trading market.
Only a small part of currency futures is used by some individual investors for speculation, and the market is mainly manipulated by professionally trained experts.
Currency futures is only a small incidental activity of speculators or risk averse, not the main activity of global currency trading.
This arbitrage opportunity is getting less and less. Even if it appears from time to time, it will be closed by professional traders.
These changes have greatly reduced the number of professionals in currency futures trading, thus reducing the arbitrage opportunities in foreign exchange trading and futures trading. Until today, the trading behavior in the financial market has become more standardized. Today's market operation pays more attention to the profit and loss of currency futures traders, making it a way to guide individual investors out of the maze in the foreign exchange market.
Mastering the basic principles of technical analysis of foreign exchange trading can greatly improve your trading skills.
Price is the most important tool when using technical analysis. All clues can be found in the currency exchange rate, but technical analysis is certainly not as simple as finding the "BRIC road" as long as you have a price map. With the analysis of various technical methods, technical analysts draw bar shapes, candlesticks and X and O data graphs on the charts, and at the same time apply many other technical studies to help them further analyze the data. Through these studies on price charts, traders can trade more accurately than just looking at price charts.
The following are the definitions and explanations of the most widely used and tried-and-tested tools for technical analysts:
Moving average STK RSI bollinger band MACD
Moving average
It is the most commonly used and basic tool in the technical analyst's toolbox. Moving averages help traders identify existing trends, hidden trends and extended trends in the opposite direction. The moving average is the overlapping line in the chart, indicating the long-term trend and short-term fluctuation of the price.
Here are three different moving averages:
Simple moving average
Linear weighted moving average
Square coefficient weighted moving average
A simple moving average gives each price an average weight in a specific time. The user determines the choice of high point, low point or close point and the comprehensive average price of these prices. This average price is added to the existing line to form a line segment. Through the appearance of each new price point, the old price point is cancelled. Simple moving average is the most commonly used moving average.
The linear weighted moving average focuses on the latest data. It is multiplied by a specific gravity factor that changes every day. Add up these data and divide by the total number of specific gravity factors. The moving average of specific gravity enables users to smooth a curve successfully, so that each current price can correspond to a line segment.
A square coefficient weighted moving average is another updated data of "specific gravity". It is the percentage of the latest price multiplied by the previous average price. Determining the most suitable moving average for a currency group is called "curve adjustment", that is, selecting the appropriate time period and the appropriate moving average to produce the results that users want to achieve. After continuous trial and error, technical analysts adjust the price data according to the time period.
According to the latest market data, many traders will use different "specific" time frames before finding the moving averages of a series of specific currencies due to the constant changes of moving averages.
For example, traders can use the 5-day, 15 and 30-day currency moving averages to mark in the price chart. A simple moving average can be applied first, and then a linear weighted moving average can be applied last. When marking these moving averages, traders need to decide the exact price data to be studied, that is, closing price and unit price, highest/lowest/closing price and so on. After that, a series of moving averages of 15 days and 30 days reflecting 5 days' currency were completed.
When a data is superimposed on a price list, traders can decide these selected time periods for record tracking. For example, if the market trend is high, you expect the 30-day route to be more correct, which is a line segment showing the price increase. If the price looks like a 30-day line and the upward trend of several positions is not interrupted, traders can adjust the time period to a 45-day or 60-day moving average to find the best average price. In this way, the moving average can be used as a trend line.
After determining the optimal moving average of a currency, the average price line can be used as a support line to maintain "bulls" or as a resistance line to maintain "bears". The gap in this line segment can be seen as a signal of currency relaxation, and traders will cancel an existing price or start a new price. For example, if you decide that the 30-day moving average shows a support segment in the upward trend of USD/JPY, it is likely to indicate that this trend is coming to an end. However, it is important that you wait until you confirm that this signal appears. One way is to wait for another customs clearance price below this level. When the second closing price is lower than the general level, it is time to start closing positions. The short-term moving average must be applied to obtain another certain information.
The long-term moving average can help you identify and support a special trend, and the short-term moving average can provide a leading signal that the trend below the long-term moving average is coming to an end. For this reason, most traders will mark multiple moving averages on the chart. When the market trend is high, the short-term moving average may show market relaxation by adjusting its direction downward and crossing the long-term moving average. For example, in the rising market, the average moving line of 15 days and the moving line of 45 days are used, and the line segment of 15 days goes down and crosses the line segment of 45 days, which may be an early signal of the end of the rising trend.
randomness
The study of random or oscillating indicators is another very useful tool to predict the degree of trend maintenance. They provide traders with closing price information during barter transactions.
The Stryker line is measured and represented by two segments: %K and%, ranging from 0 to 100. An index higher than 80 indicates a strong upward trend, and a value lower than 20 indicates a strong downward trend. The mathematical research of this method is not as important as it claims. %K line is a quick and sensitive indicator, while %D line takes a long time to turn. When the %K line segment intersects with the %D line segment, it may be a sign that the market is about to turn. The Jiangsu-Suzhou line is not suitable for markets with large fluctuations and many sides. When the currency price fluctuates in a small range, the line segments %K and %D may cross many times, telling you that the market price is moving sideways.
Stachys is the most useful tool to measure the strength of the trend and predict that the price will fall soon. When the price rises to a new high/low, it is also displayed by Stryker, and you can be sure that this trend will continue. On the other hand, many traders find that the best trading opportunity is when the stock index continues to run horizontally or reversely. When these differences appear, it is time to win benefits from the opposite trend. .
When applying any technical analysis tools, don't act on the first signal you see. Wait until at least one or two trading hours before deciding which method to start trading.
Relative strength index
RSI measures the momentum of price changes, and it is also marked as a range standard from 0 to 100. Traders can read from RSI that an interval greater than 80 indicates that the market is oversold or may have a downward trend, while an interval less than 20 indicates that the market is oversold or has an upward trend.
This logic shows that prices cannot go up and down forever. By studying RSI, you can determine whether there will be a possible recession. Of course, we should be cautious about studying RSI alone. In many ways, an RSI can stay at a very high or very low position without price turning for a period of time. At this time, RSI tells you that the market trend is either very strong or very weak, and there is no obvious turning point.
RSI research can be adjusted according to the specific style of traders, taking a certain time as a necessary reference. For example, a five-day RSI can be very sensitive, showing many signs of price changes, but not all RSI are suitable. For example, a 2 1 day RSI fluctuates slightly. Combine other research methods and try the RSI of a currency in different periods with your personal style. Traders who trade longer will find that RSI shows too many signals in a shorter time, which will lead to excessive trading. In addition, short-term RSI is suitable for day traders with short-term price fluctuations.
In order to find the difference between price and RSI, your RSI shows a downward trend or suddenly turns in a bull market, which may indicate a good sign: a reversal is coming. Wait for the confirmation signal before confirming the transaction with RSI.
Pauling frequency band
Paulinger band is a floating curve, which is used to determine the highest price and the lowest price. Paulinger frequency band establishes the trading range or frequency band according to the average movement of a specific tool and a series of standard deviations around the average movement.
For example, a trader may decide to use the 10 daily moving average and two standard deviations to draw the Bollinger Band of money. After that, a chart will show a price bar covered by the upper boundary, which is higher than the daily moving average of 10 based on two standard deviations; Supported by the lower boundary, based on two standard deviations, it is lower than the 10 moving average. There will be another line between these two dividing lines, namely 10 moving average. All moving averages and standard deviations can be adjusted most appropriately for a currency.
Jon Bollinger, the founder of Paulinger band, suggested using a 20-day moving average and two standard deviations. As the standard deviation is a measure of volatility, the Paulinger band is an indicator of economic vitality, which uses itself (widening and narrowing) to adjust the existing floating level of the market, which is not necessarily an indication that the trend is about to turn. It is only used to measure that the price has moved to the upper limit of the established range. Therefore, traders should apply another study, combined with the Pauling band, to help them determine the strength of the trend.
MACD moving average convergence divergence
MACD is a more detailed method to find trading signals in the price chart by moving the average line. MACD invented by Gerald Appel is the difference between the 26-day square coefficient weighted moving average and 12 day square coefficient weighted moving average. The 9-day moving average is often used as a "fuse", which means that when MACD passes under this line segment, it is a down signal; When it crosses the line segment, it is the rising signal. .
In addition to other studies, traders can find out the difference between early signals or technical indicators and market prices through MACD method. If MACD is positive, there will be high and low levels when the price is still falling, which may be a strong buying signal. On the contrary, if MACD has a low point when the price reaches a new high, it may be a selling signal.
Fibonacci anti-relaxation phenomenon
Fibonacci deicing is a series of data discovered by mathematician Leonardo da Pisa in the12nd century. These data describe the cycle found in nature, and when applied to technical analysis, we can find the round-trip phenomenon of money market.
Fibonacci's anti-relaxation phenomenon is a prediction of the change of currency price trend expressed by line segments. After the last obvious price change (up or down), the price will return to the original key. When the price returns, the support level and resistance level often appear at or near Fibonacci anti-relaxation level.
In the money market, the most commonly used anti-relaxation levels are 23.6%, 38.2%, 50% and 6 1.8%. Fibonacci relaxation phenomenon can easily connect line segments from one highest price point to another lowest price point. From the highest and lowest points of the connection, you can use the 0% level to reach the round trip level you want.
One last suggestion: Don't put mathematical calculations into every study. More importantly, when studying foreign exchange transactions, we need to understand how and why the analysis based on time stage and market sensitivity is ideal. This idealization stage can only be determined by applying several different ranges to the research, "until your charts and research begin to show the details behind the details."
Zhang Xiaoling
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