With the rapid development of the Boxer Rebellion in Zhili and Beijing and Tianjin, foreign powers repeatedly coerced the Qing government to suppress it. 1900 in April, the Boxer Rebellion just developed in the suburbs of Beijing, and the Russian minister proposed repression. The envoys of the United States, Britain, France, Germany and other countries also received secret orders from their own governments, and jointly noted that the Qing government "eliminated the Boxer Rebellion" and assembled a fleet at Dagukou as a threat. In May, the Boxer Rebellion developed rapidly in Beijing and Tianjin. More and more Qing soldiers joined the Boxer Rebellion, and the xenophobic forces headed by Duanwang Zaiyi gained the upper hand in the Qing government. Seeing that the Qing government was unable to control the situation, ministers of various countries planned to send troops to intervene directly, and the prime minister's yamen was also "unable to persuade the court to take severe repressive measures". On May 28th, Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Japan, Russia and the United States formally decided to jointly send troops to suppress the Boxer Rebellion in the name of "protecting the embassy". From May 30th to June 2nd, more than 400 marines from eight countries arrived in Dongjiaomin Lane by train from Tianjin. Subsequently, countries constantly sent more troops to China. Twenty-four warships from various countries gathered outside Dagukou, and more than 2,000 invading troops gathered in Tianjin Concession. Around June 6th, the eight countries' joint policy of aggression against China was approved by their respective governments, and the war of aggression against China broke out.
Wherever the Eight-Power Invaders went, they burned, killed and looted, and no one was spared. Even the commander-in-chief of Eight-Nation Alliance, Wadesi, admitted that "the details of all the damage and robbery suffered by China this time will never be found out, but the number will be extremely considerable".
After the Boxer Rebellion, foreign powers took the opportunity to send troops to China and plundered it. The news reached Russia, and the czar government thought it was an excellent opportunity to invade China. In addition to taking an active part in Eight-Nation Alliance, in July 1900 and 16, the Hailan gun tragedy was created. Almost all the thousands of China people living in Hailanpao were brutally killed by the Russian army, and less than 100 people swam to escape. 17-2 1 On this day, the Russian invaders drove more than 10,000 residents of 64 villages in Jiangdong to the Heilongjiang River and were shot or hacked to death with axes. The rest were driven into Heilongjiang and drowned. Only a few people made a living by swimming. On August 28, Russian troops occupied Qiqihar; Occupy Jilin on September 22 and Liaoyang on September 28; 65438+1 October1,entered Shengjing (Shenyang). Wherever the Russian army went, it burned, killed and looted, doing all kinds of evil.
1900165438+1October, Russia coerced General Zeng Qi to sign the provisional charter of Fengtian in an attempt to legalize the military occupation. Russian troops seized the opportunity of military occupation and plundered gold mines, coal mines and forest resources in northeast China.
1June 900 10, more than 2,000 foreign invaders led by Seymour attacked Beijing from Tianjin, and they were resisted by the Boxers along the way. 1 1 day, the boxer and the invading army started hand-to-hand combat near Lofa Station. In June of 5438+08, the Boxer Rebellion surrounded the invading army at Langfang Station and launched an attack, killing and injuring dozens of invading troops. 19, Seymour defeated Tianjin and was intercepted by the people on the way, killing 400 people. 22, back to Tianjin Xigu. /kloc-in June of 0/7, another invading army landed in Dagu, invaded Tianjin and was beaten everywhere along the way. It was not until 23rd that he stole the Old Dragon Head Station (now tianjin railway station), joined the invading army in Xigu, arrived in Tianjin Concession and launched an attack on Tianjin City. The fighting in Tianjin has been fierce since July 6. Zhang Decheng led the Boxer Rebellion in Zizhulin for three days and three nights. 14, Tianjin fell.
The news that the invading army invaded Beijing and the Dagu Fort was captured reached Beijing, which aroused great anger. People have executed Moriyama Bin, secretary of the Japanese Embassy, and German Minister Klender for provoking and killing people in Beijing. From June 5438+05 to June 20, they launched fierce attacks on foreign churches in Xishiku and foreign embassies in Dongjiaominxiang, which dealt a heavy blow to foreign invaders.
Xin Chou Treaty:
During Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, under the pressure of the people, the Qing government declared war on the great powers on the surface, but secretly sabotaged the Boxer Rebellion and surrendered to the invading army. 1900 14 After the fall of Tianjin in July, the Qing government appointed Li Hongzhang as the plenipotentiary on August 7, and formally made peace with foreign powers. The powers tried to carve up China by force, but failed under the resistance of the people of China. At the same time, countries have their own plans and contradictions, which makes it necessary for them to continue to use and maintain the Qing government and indirectly rule China through it.
1900, 65438+February, the great powers (except the eight countries that sent troops, plus Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain) submitted an outline of the peace talks to the Qing government, and then made detailed provisions, which was formally signed in Beijing on September 7,190/kloc-0. The main contents of the Xin Chou Treaty are: punishing officials who "offended" the great powers; Send princes and ministers to Germany and Japan to make amends; The Qing government explicitly prohibited China people from establishing and participating in various organizations to resist the invading army; The compensation is 450 million taels of silver, which will be paid in 39 years, with the principal and interest of 980 million taels of silver; Beijing Dongjiaomin Lane has an embassy district, where the state can station troops, but China people are not allowed to live. Destroy the Dagu Fort and the Fort from Beijing to Haikou and Tianjin; The state can station troops along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan. After the signing of the Xin Chou Treaty, China was completely reduced to a semi-colony.