Question 2: What do foreign debt and domestic debt mean? Domestic debt refers to the total amount of bonds issued within the country; Foreign debt refers to the total amount of bonds issued by the state.
Question 3: What are foreign debt and domestic debt? The state's borrowing from foreign investors or * * * is part of the national debt; Generally, it does not include debts borrowed by individuals or private businessmen from foreign investors.
Domestic debt is the debt that various debt subjects form for domestic investors by issuing bond certificates denominated in their own currencies or concluding specific contracts, also known as "domestic debt". Broadly speaking, it usually refers to the debts formed by the central * * * and local * * * corporate enterprises, corporate banks and other financial institutions through borrowing, leasing and other means to issue bonds or postpone payment. In a narrow sense, it only refers to the debts formed by the above financing entities in the form of issuing bonds. * * * The main purpose of domestic debt is to make up for the fiscal deficit or the temporary shortage of treasury funds, and it has increasingly become an important means of regulating the economy.
The difference between domestic debt and foreign debt is two symmetrical concepts. As far as bonds are concerned, there are three main criteria for distinguishing: the place where bonds are issued and the currency in which bonds are denominated in the country where creditors are located. Generally speaking, bonds denominated in local currency issued to domestic creditors in the domestic market are called domestic debts. The issuance of domestic debt mainly depends on the supply of domestic funds, and the conditions of bond issuance and the use of debt income such as solvency are mainly determined by * * * *. However, the issuance of foreign debt is influenced by the country's ability to earn foreign exchange through export and its position and reputation in international relations. If it is a loan, the use of debt funds is often influenced by foreign creditors.
Question 4: What is domestic debt and what is foreign debt? Domestic debt and foreign debt are two symmetrical concepts. Generally speaking, bonds denominated in local currency issued to domestic creditors in the domestic market are called domestic debts. Foreign debt refers to all debts that government agencies, organizations, enterprises, institutions, financial institutions or other institutions in China undertake contractual repayment obligations to overseas international financial organizations, foreign countries, financial institutions, enterprises or other institutions, including loans from international financial organizations, foreign loans, loans from foreign banks and financial institutions, buyer's credit, loans from foreign enterprises, issuance of foreign currency bonds, international financial leasing and deferred payment.
Question 5: What do you mean by borrowing domestic debts in the late Qing Dynasty? What do you mean by borrowing domestic debt? It means the same thing as XX winning the championship in one fell swoop.
Question 6: What do you mean by foreign debt and domestic debt? Domestic debt refers to the total amount of bonds issued within the country; Foreign debt refers to the total amount of bonds issued by the state.
Question 7: What do you mean by issuing new debts to repay old debts? National debt, also known as national debt, is a creditor-debtor relationship formed by the state on the basis of its credit and in accordance with the general principles of debt. National debt is a bond issued by the state. It is a bond issued by the central government to raise financial funds. It is a debt certificate issued by the central government to investors and promised to pay interest and repay the principal within a certain period of time. Because the issuer of national debt is the country, it has the highest credit and is recognized as the safest investment tool. Table of Contents [Hidden] Overview of National Debt Main Features The purpose of issuing national debt in China Classification of national debt The function of national debt and the nature of repayment of national debt under market economy. The transformation of China's national debt issuance is about the advantages of national debt law, especially national debt. Classification of China's national debt The function of national debt under market economy is the nature of national debt issuance. The transformation of China's national debt issuance is about the advantages of national debt law, especially national debt.
National debt) [Edit this paragraph] Overview of national debt National debt is the main form of national credit. The central government often issues treasury bonds to make up for the national fiscal deficit, or to raise funds for some costly construction projects, some special economic policies and even wars. Because the national debt takes the tax revenue of the central government as the guarantee of debt service, it has low risk, strong liquidity and lower interest rate than other bonds.
China's national debt refers to the national debt issued by the Ministry of Finance on behalf of the central government. Guaranteed by the national financial reputation, the credibility is extremely high. It has always been called "Phnom Penh bond", and cautious investors like to invest in government bonds. There are three kinds of bonds: voucher bonds, physical bonds and book-entry bonds. [Edit this paragraph] The main characteristics of national debt National debt is a special form of debt, which has the following characteristics compared with the general creditor-debtor relationship:
(1) From the subject of legal relationship, the creditors of national debt can be citizens, legal persons or other organizations at home and abroad, and they can also be * * * and international financial organizations in a certain country or region, while the debtors can only be countries.
(2) From the nature of the legal relationship, the occurrence, change and elimination of the legal relationship of national debt mostly reflect the unilateral will of the country. Although the legal relationship of national debt is equal to other financial legal relationships, it shows a certain subordinate relationship compared with the general creditor-debtor relationship, which is more obvious in the legal relationship of national debt.
(3) From the realization of legal relationship, national debt belongs to the creditor-debtor relationship with the highest credit rating and the best security. [Edit this paragraph] The purpose of issuing treasury bonds is as follows:
1. Issue war bonds to raise wartime military expenditure. During the war, the amount of military expenditure was huge, and in the absence of other financing methods, funds were raised by issuing war bonds. Issuing war bonds is a common way for all countries in wartime, and it is also the first origin of national bonds.
2, in order to balance the national fiscal revenue and expenditure, make up for the fiscal deficit and issue deficit bonds. Generally speaking, fiscal revenue and expenditure can be balanced by increasing taxes, issuing additional currency or issuing government bonds. Compared with the above three methods, it is a good way to increase taxes from the people, but the tax increase has certain limits. If the tax is too heavy and exceeds the affordability of enterprises and individuals, it will not be conducive to the development of production and will also affect future taxes. Issuing additional currency is the most convenient way, but it is also the least desirable, because using additional currency to make up the fiscal deficit will lead to serious inflation and the most serious impact on the economy. It is still a feasible measure to make up the fiscal deficit by issuing government bonds when it is difficult to increase taxes and issue additional currency. * * * By issuing bonds, idle funds of units and individuals can be absorbed to help the country tide over financial difficulties. However, the circulation of deficit national debt must be moderate, otherwise it will also cause serious deflation.
3. The state issues construction bonds to raise construction funds. The country needs a lot of medium and long-term funds to build infrastructure and public facilities. By issuing medium-and long-term treasury bonds, some short-term funds can be converted into medium-and long-term funds, which can be used to build large-scale national projects and promote economic development.
4. Repay the due national debt and issue bonds. At the peak of debt repayment, in order to solve the problem of the source of debt repayment funds, the state issued loan-swap bonds to repay the old debts due. "This can reduce and disperse ... >>
Question 8: What is debt? What are the types and meanings of debt?
1, money owed to others, etc. : borrow ~ Owe ~. Return ~. Male ~. Outside. Inside ~. ~ residents. ~ Lord. ~ right. ~ coupons. ~ Taiwan Province is tall.
Detailed word meaning
Name > 1, (pictophonetic characters. From people, strange. This is "responsibility" and "debt" is the last word. Money owed to others) 2. Debt with the same original meaning [debt] is also negative. -"Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xin Fu", so there are people who buy farmland houses and have children to pay off debts. -Han Shu? On your millet "3, give another example: debt shell (poor official in debt); Debt (the creditor denies lending money to others); Debt accumulation (debt; Debt); Debt heap (metaphor for people surrounded by debt); Domestic debt (debt borrowed by the state from its citizens); Foreign debt (debt borrowed by the state from foreign countries); Public debt (debt borrowed by the state from citizens or foreign countries); Borrow (borrow); Debt (debt) 4. Refers to the things that should be cashed or the losses [debts] caused. Such as: blood debt (homicide); I haven't written a book for several years, and I owe my readers a debt.
〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉〉ԑԑԑ Debt collection [debt collection] When a businessman lends him half a dollar, he can't repay it for a long time, that is, he goes into debt. -"Hundred Analects" 3. Lease [lease; This truck is fully loaded. -Mutian Word Biography
The specific rights and obligations between the parties according to the contract or the law. The concept of debt in the sense of civil law is different from that in life, that is, it refers not only to the loan relationship, but to the rights and obligations between people arising from legal facts such as contracts and tort. In the debt relationship, the person who enjoys the rights is called the creditor and the person who assumes the obligations is called the debtor; In bilateral contracts, they are debtors of creditor's rights. The object to which the creditor's right and the debtor's debt point is called the object of debt. The rights enjoyed by creditors are called creditor's rights, and the obligations undertaken by debtors are called debts. Creditor's rights and debts are two inseparable aspects in the relationship between debts. They exist correspondingly and cannot exist independently of each other. Debt is the sum of creditor's rights and debts. Therefore, the relationship between debt and creditors can also be called creditor's rights relationship; From the debtor's point of view, it can also be called debt relationship; Sometimes it can also be collectively referred to as the creditor-debtor relationship. Legislation to adjust debt relations is also called debt law, creditor's rights law, debt law or creditor's rights and liabilities law in various countries.
Debt relationship is the relationship between specific people, that is, the subject of rights and obligations is specific. Creditors only have the right to require debtors to perform certain obligations instead of others; Similarly, the debtor is only obligated to the creditor to perform a specific act, but not to others.
Debt occurs according to various legal facts. In many western countries, there are four reasons for debt: contract, tort, negotiorum gestio and unjust enrichment. In socialist countries, debt can be divided into four categories: administrative behavior; Civil legal acts; Illegal acts; Factual acts, such as management without cause, unjust enrichment, etc.
The classification of debt mainly includes:
(1) Contract debts and non-contract debts; (2) Single debt and majority debt; (3) debts of specific objects and types of debts; (4) Simple debt and selective debt.
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