Equity participation only means investment in the invested enterprise, without highlighting the equity ratio and whether it has control or actual influence.
Holding company, or parent company, is a company that owns the equity of another company in the enterprise, and its voting right is enough to influence or vote for its management team and master its management and operation.
Generally speaking, a holding company can be used to describe any company that owns most of the shares of another company, but strictly speaking, it refers to a company that exists only to hold the shares of another company. Usually, this term means that a company does not produce its own goods or services, but only aims to own shares in other companies. Holding companies can reduce the risk of owners and gain ownership and control of other companies.
Sometimes, in order to become a truly pure holding company, a company will add the words "holding" or "(holding)" to its name.
Shareholders who hold more than 50% of the shares of the same controlling shareholder are called controlling shareholders.
Two or more companies with controlling shareholders are the same controlling shareholder.