In today's economic situation, social competition is getting bigger and bigger. Enterprise managers must strengthen the management of all aspects, including the management of employee behavior norms and the management of company shareholders and shares, so as to gain a firm foothold in the market. Let's specifically look at why many companies are called holding companies.
Why are many companies called holding companies 1? Holding company refers to a company that controls a company by holding a certain number of shares. Holding companies are divided into pure holding companies and mixed holding companies according to their holding methods. Pure holding companies do not directly engage in production and operation business, but only carry out capital operation by holding shares of other companies. Hybrid holding companies not only carry out capital operation through holding, but also engage in some production and operation businesses.
Holding companies have some characteristics different from merger activities:
1. Effective control can be achieved without 100% acquisition of the equity of the accused enterprise, or even half of the equity;
2. It doesn't need to notify the competent department of the merged enterprise, and it doesn't need to go through arduous negotiations, but it can usually buy shares in bulk. Therefore, it is the easiest way to achieve control;
3. All enterprises under the control of the holding company are legally independent economic entities, completely independent of the holding company in terms of economic responsibility, and there is no joint liability between them. Therefore, the risk responsibility of each enterprise in the holding company will not be passed on to each other.
4. Because each enterprise in the holding company is independent and needs to declare and pay taxes separately, there is the possibility of repeated taxation.
In addition, the holding company is more loosely organized than the merged company.
Minimum registered capital of a holding company
1. Holding companies whose names need to be approved by State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China (such as China XX Holdings Co., Ltd.) require:
1. The registered capital of the holding company is more than 50 million yuan (the parent company should be a legal person enterprise; If the registered capital of the core enterprise is more than 1 100 million yuan, it can be an unincorporated enterprise as a legal person, the same below);
2. It has five holding subsidiaries;
3. The total registered capital of the parent company (holding company) and subsidiaries (holding company) exceeds1000000 yuan.
Second, the holding company in the name of the province must meet the requirements (for example, Jiangsu XX Holding Co., Ltd.)
1. A professional R&D enterprise with a registered capital of more than RMB100000 and a total registered capital of more than RMB 20 million for its holding subsidiaries;
2. Modern service enterprises with a registered capital of 6,543,800,000 yuan for holding companies, more than 3 holding subsidiaries and a total registered capital of 20,000,000 yuan for parent and subsidiary companies;
3. Holding companies with a registered capital of more than 30 million yuan and other groups with more than 4 holding subsidiaries with a total registered capital of more than 50 million yuan; The above-mentioned "specialty" means that its business scope is only engaged in scientific and technological research and development business, and it does not run anything else.
Why are many companies called Holding 2? What are the advantages of holding companies?
1, the economic scale is considerable. Holding company is different from ordinary company, which is the aggregate of enterprises and the result of the development of ordinary company to a considerable scale. Because a company must have sufficient strength to form a holding relationship with other companies, when a holding company is formed, it will inevitably form an economic entity stronger than a single company. Therefore, internationally renowned large companies are basically holding companies, and some excellent domestic companies are also developing into holding management.
2. It is assets that closely link enterprises. Holding company is a kind of property right management institution widely adopted abroad. It is different from ordinary enterprises directly engaged in commodity production, and it is not a simple product cooperation relationship, nor is it a cooperation relationship between enterprises. Mainly engaged in the management and operation of enterprise property rights based on equity relationship through holding, or promoted the commodity operation of the group through equity participation, holding or mutual holding. In fact, these holding companies have formed enterprise groups linked by asset relations.
3. The controlled company has legal personality. Another important feature of the holding company is that the parent company and the holding subsidiary are legally independent of each other as legal persons, and the system of concurrent directors based on capital merger is adopted. This is a major difference between the holding company and the business department system.
Although the division system is a highly decentralized system adopted by large companies, each division generally has no personality ability. The holding company is an independent legal person, and the company is established within the company. Each subsidiary is a completely decentralized profit management unit, with an independent management organization, fully responsible for profits and independent fund-raising ability.
4. Diversification This holding company is rich in financial resources. In order to accelerate the appreciation of assets and reduce the huge risks in the stock market, investors generally adopt diversified business strategies, enter all fields of the market economy, pay attention to the serialization and diversification of products, and have strong competitive development capabilities.
5. Have considerable financing ability. The parent company of a holding company must have two powerful abilities, namely, financing ability and internal capital control ability, in order to form unified and centralized financial resources and credit, adjust internal structure and have certain ability to support the development of key products and key enterprises, and accelerate the development of the company through reinvestment and rolling operation of funds.
Why are many companies called Holding Company 3?
1, pure holding company
Do not engage in any practical business, only control other enterprises by buying stocks as the sole purpose and mode of operation.
2. Mixed holding company
It not only controls other companies by buying stocks, but also engages in some commercial operations. The Bank Holding Company Law of the United States 1970 stipulates the holding company of the American banking industry, and any company that controls more than 25% of the shares of a bank is a holding company. After World War II, the holding companies of American banks have been widely developed. The number of holding companies is increasing and their strength is also increasing. Many big banks in America have their own holding companies.
For example, the holding company of Chicago First National Bank is called Chicago First Company. The "Western Bank Company" in Los Angeles is also a well-known bank holding company. As early as 1974, it ranked 27th among the world's largest banks. It has assets of183 billion US dollars, and controls most of the shares of more than 20 banks in the western United States 1 1 states. These bank holding companies do not operate banking business themselves, but only aim at controlling bank shares.
PRNewswire is another type of large holding company in the United States. In the 1960s, its share capital was only over 300 million dollars, while the total capital of the 16 enterprises it controlled was as high as 2 billion dollars. Exxon is actually a holding company. Its new york headquarters only gives policy guidance and control to its branches, and various specific business activities are carried out by Exxon, Esso Oriental, Exxon Chemical and Exxon Research Engineering under its control.
Therefore, through the establishment of joint-stock companies, financial capital can control and manipulate many other enterprises whose capital exceeds their own wealth, thus becoming an important means for financial capital to rule through participation system.