Summarize from the following materials. .
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission issued "Opinions on the Key Work of Deepening Economic System Reform in 20 10", and the power system reform once again ranked among them.
The reform of the four-separation power system determined in 2002 has achieved remarkable results only in the field of separation of power plants and networks on the generation side, and the separation of main and auxiliary power has been changed continuously; The separation of transmission and distribution on the power sales side has been deadlocked so far. As a result, the power market is neither a market nor a plan, and problems such as unbalanced distribution of benefits between coal-fired power plants and power grids are almost always accompanied.
This time, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments focused on the implementation of the residential ladder electricity price system according to Ramsey pricing method, and other contents, such as the separation of main and auxiliary power grid enterprises and the pilot reform of transmission and distribution system, are familiar to everyone.
Where is the pain point of the current electricity reform? First of all, the reform of electricity price marketization has been delayed for a long time. Although the ultimate goal of the current electricity price reform is the complete marketization of the price operation mechanism, in order to take care of the affordability of low-income groups and support the electricity consumption cost of key industries and fields, the idea of step-by-step transition is introduced in the process of electricity price marketization reform ―― first, the electricity price is controlled through the transition mode of cost+profit, and then the real complete marketization is implemented.
The connotation of this electricity price has the function of in-price subsidy for low-income groups and key industries: on the one hand, it has caused the overall loss of power generation industry after the cancellation of coal-electricity price and coal-electricity linkage mechanism; At the same time, under the current power ecological layout, the price transition mechanism of implicit in-price subsidy distorts the price formation mechanism of electricity price, which leads to the power system undertaking many social functions and being unable to fully market. On the other hand, the failure of the effective market-oriented reform of electricity price objectively hindered the separation of transmission and distribution on the power sales side and the market-oriented reform of distribution, and strengthened the monopoly strength of power grid companies.
Secondly, the intermittent step-by-step reform of power generation side and power sales side artificially increases the complexity of power system reform, which leads to the difficulty of reform. The electric power field is a complete industrial ecological chain, including power generation, transmission, distribution and sales. The reform idea of power generation first and then sales side objectively splits the integrity of power system reform, which is easy to cause problems in reform and distortion of interests. In fact, the overall losses of both coal-fired and power generation enterprises are directly related to other step-by-step reforms of current power reform; However, before expanding the auxiliary industries, power grid companies separate the main and auxiliary industries, and even some provincial power grid companies take various possible means to invest in power generation projects, once again challenging the relatively successful separation of power plants and networks, all of which are related to this gradual reform of power generation side first and then power sales side.
Thirdly, the monopoly position of power grid companies objectively aggravates the complexity of power system reform, and even affects the reform direction established in the 2002 power system reform plan. At present, the bidding on the generation side is strictly a one-to-many monopoly game, and the State Grid and South Grid are in an absolute monopoly position in the bidding.
The real reform of separating transmission and distribution from distribution is to really separate transmission and distribution from power grid companies and introduce market competition mechanism. In power distribution, a number of professional power distribution companies have been established to provide competitive power distribution services. The electricity sales business can be that the power generation enterprise directly faces the end users (the current pilot direct purchase of electricity), or that the power generation enterprise sells electricity to the power sales company, and the power sales company directly faces the end users. The power grid company will specialize in power grid construction, maintenance and transmission services. The continuous monopoly of power transmission and distribution business by power grid companies means that the market-oriented reform of power sales side is only the marketization within power grid companies, not the marketization of power sales side. Obviously, the market-oriented reform on the power sales side is the repositioning of power grid companies and the key to the effective promotion of power reform.
Question 2: What is the too vague selling side? Is it the "receiver"?
Question 3: How can China promote the reform of the electricity sales side, steadily promote the reform of the electricity sales side, and open the distribution business to social capital in an orderly manner?
It is the only way to deepen the market-oriented reform of the power system and realize fair and effective competition in China's power market to steadily promote the reform of the power sales side and release the power distribution business to social capital in an orderly manner. The reform of electricity sales side is the biggest highlight of this round of new electricity reform plan. The orderly release of distribution business to social capital indicates that the exclusive monopoly distribution system of China's power grid companies has been completely broken. Similar to France, Britain and other countries, in China, private capital will also be able to invest in new distribution networks and set up electricity sales companies. The Opinions elaborated on the entry and exit mechanism and related rights and responsibilities of market participants.
(1) Encourage social capital to invest in distribution business.
The "Opinions" proposes to gradually liberalize the incremental distribution investment business to eligible market players and encourage the distribution business to develop in a mixed ownership mode. The liberalization of incremental distribution investment business embodies the spirit of "mixed ownership economy with cross-shareholding and mutual integration of state-owned capital, collective capital and non-public capital" put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, which is an important realization form of the basic economic system, and is conducive to amplifying the functions of state-owned capital, maintaining and increasing its value, improving its competitiveness, and benefiting from each other's strengths, promoting each other and developing together.
At present, in the face of the dual revolution of "mixed reform" and "electricity reform", we should recognize the internal relationship between them and urge mixed reform to help realize the ultimate goal of electricity reform. What we should pay special attention to here is that the mixed reform of power grid enterprises should not be reformed for the sake of reform, but should serve the power reform and fundamentally promote the realization of the ultimate goal of China's power reform. Based on the actual situation of China's power industry, it is reasonable to allow private capital to participate in the new distribution network, which is conducive to the healthy and orderly development of the power market. On the one hand, the newly added distribution network does not have the nature of natural monopoly, and compared with the power grid companies that perform transmission and distribution functions, the public utility attributes of these links are weak. Secondly, the introduction of private capital into the new distribution network can increase its development vitality, effectively improve its market efficiency and technological innovation, such as accelerating the construction of intelligent distribution system and the development of distributed energy on the user side.
While introducing diversified capital, * * * should improve the corresponding review and supervision functions and correctly guide the development of private capital under a reasonable market mechanism.
(2) Cultivate market players in multiple ways, and establish market players' access and exit mechanisms. The opinion puts forward that qualified high-tech industrial parks or economic and technological development zones are allowed to set up electricity buyers to purchase electricity directly, and qualified social capital, energy-saving service companies and power generation enterprises are encouraged to engage in electricity sales business. At the same time, according to the requirements of liberalizing the electricity-selling side market and the actual situation in various places, scientifically define the access conditions of electricity-selling entities that meet the requirements of technology, safety, environmental protection, energy conservation and social responsibility.
Here, we should clarify two issues, namely, "how to enter" and "how to move" market subjects under the new market model. "How to enter" is to clarify the technical qualification and capital scale of the electricity sales subject, as well as which centralized department the relevant subject goes to and through what procedures to obtain the qualification to carry out related business. "How to move" is to clarify the rights and responsibilities of relevant entities, and the second is to clarify the business process of market operation and tell relevant entities how to conduct trading behavior.
In addition, the qualifications of market players should be reviewed by the corresponding regulatory agencies, so that "there are laws to follow, laws to be observed, law enforcement to be strict, and violators to be prosecuted". Special attention should be paid to the coordinated operation of the central * * * and local * * * regulatory systems to avoid the phenomenon of excessive power of local * * *. The local authorities hold the policy and have the absolute right to speak, and at the same time, they have found a space for stakeholders to release rent-seeking, which may lead to the problem that local authorities use their power to make profits during the rural power grid transformation in China in 1998.
(3) Give market participants corresponding rights and responsibilities.
The Opinions focuses on the rights and responsibilities of the main body of electricity sales.
First, power sellers can purchase electricity in the electricity market in various ways, and each market entity should reach an agreement on purchasing and selling electricity by signing a contract. According to the plan, power sellers can purchase power from power generation enterprises or other power sellers through centralized bidding. At the same time, the main body of electricity sales, users and other interested parties should sign contracts according to law, clarify the corresponding rights and obligations, and agree on transactions, services, fees, settlement and other matters.
Second, encourage electricity sellers to provide innovative services. The "Opinions" pointed out that in addition to the traditional electricity sales business, electricity sales entities are encouraged to provide users with value-added services including contract energy management, comprehensive energy conservation and energy consultation. It is in line with China's current green and low-carbon energy development strategy to encourage electricity sellers to help users save electricity and promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the power industry. For ... >>
Question 4: What is the distribution and sales side? I just want to know what the distribution terminal, power sales terminal and power generation terminal mean. The power generation side is the part of the power plant, which is responsible for power generation. The distribution side is the current part of the power supply bureau, which is responsible for reducing the high-voltage transmission to the distribution voltage (below 35KV) and then sending it to all users. At present, the electricity selling side is still a vague concept, which is responsible for selling electricity to users. Under the current system, the power supply bureau is in charge of selling electricity, but after the power grid reform, it is allowed to directly distribute electricity and become another side of selling electricity.
Question 5: How to ensure that the "no distortion, no deformation" of the reform on the power sales side is implemented uniformly from top to bottom, and check from bottom to top after implementation. Find problems, solve problems and correct them.
Question 6: The difference between the comprehensive pilot of power system reform and the pilot of power reform. The scope of China's new round of comprehensive pilot power reform is constantly expanding. After Guizhou and Yunnan, Shanxi Province will become the next comprehensive pilot of power system reform.
On March 1 day, the website of the National Development and Reform Commission published the Reply of the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration on agreeing to carry out a comprehensive pilot project of power system reform in Shanxi Province, indicating that they agreed to carry out a comprehensive pilot project of power system reform in Shanxi Province.
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) requires Shanxi Province to formulate special pilot schemes such as transmission and distribution price reform, power market construction, establishment of trading institutions, and power sales side reform according to the Comprehensive Pilot Implementation Plan for Power System Reform in Shanxi Province, and report them to the NDRC and the National Energy Administration.
Different from the pilot reform of transmission and distribution price, the pilot comprehensive reform of electric power covers a wider range, involving transmission and distribution price, power transaction, power sales side and inter-provincial and inter-regional power transaction. In June last year, 5438+065438+ 10, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration approved, and Guizhou and Yunnan provinces carried out comprehensive pilot projects for power system reform, becoming one of the first comprehensive pilot provinces in China.
Like Guizhou and Yunnan, Shanxi is also a major energy province in China. It is generally believed in the industry that Shanxi Province, as a major coal province in China, is currently mired in overcapacity. The abnormal heavy industry structure of "one coal dominates" limits the exertion of resource advantages such as coal, electricity and aluminum (2088.438+0, 8.45, 0.4438+0%), and the economic growth rate slows down. It is urgent to activate domestic and foreign markets through reform and solve the problem of overcapacity.
According to the published electric power data of Shanxi Province, in 20 14, the installed electric power in Shanxi Province was 63.05 million kilowatts, ranking eighth in the country. Among them, the installed capacity of renewable energy11135,000 kilowatts, accounting for 17% of the total installed capacity in the province. The whole society generates 264.3 billion kWh of electricity, ranking sixth in the country, and sends out 82 billion kWh of electricity, ranking third in the country. These power resources have laid the foundation for Shanxi to implement the comprehensive reform of the power system.
As a comprehensive pilot of electricity reform, Shanxi Province has made it clear that the primary focus and path of electricity reform is to rationalize the electricity price mechanism. According to "allowable cost plus reasonable income", the transmission and distribution price should be approved according to the voltage level. Orderly liberalize the price of competitive links other than transmission and distribution, and gradually realize that the sales price other than public welfare is formed by the market. Properly solve the cross-subsidy of electricity prices and reform the cross-subsidy between different types of electricity prices.
The second key point is to expand the two major markets inside and outside the province. In the province, further activate the power market, improve the power consumption capacity, and continuously expand the scope of market participants and transaction scale participating in direct power transactions on the basis of existing direct transactions by large users; Outside the province, strive for the construction of national export channels and power quota policies, improve the inter-provincial communication and cooperation mechanism, promote inter-provincial and inter-regional power transactions, integrate into the national power market system, and continuously expand the scale of Shanxi's power export.
The third key point is to realize three norms, namely, standardizing the operation of trading institutions and improving market functions; Standardize the market-oriented electricity sales business, and clarify the scope of electricity sales and access standards; Standardize the management of self-owned power plants, bring self-owned power plants into overall planning, and realize fair participation and optimal allocation with public power plants.
For the goal of electricity reform, Shanxi Province plans to divide it into two stages. The first stage is 20 15-20 17. The goal is to initially establish a market-oriented system of the power industry. It is proposed that by 20 17, the direct transaction volume of electricity will reach 30% of the total electricity consumption of the whole society.
In the first stage, it is necessary to complete the design of the power market framework, verify the transmission and distribution prices, basically realize that the sales prices other than public welfare are formed by the market, complete the establishment of relatively independent trading institutions and the construction and operation of trading platforms, and improve the direct trading mechanism of electricity.
The second stage is three years or more. The goal is to complete the power market system. The pricing mechanism of electricity market is basically perfect; Form a perfect power market supervision rule system; Direct trading of electricity in the industrial and commercial fields has been fully liberalized; Form a diversified and fully competitive market structure on the power generation side and the power sales side.
Question 7: What are the four types of "forbidden zones" for power grid to engage in competitive power sales?
What our reporter has learned is that the electricity reform plan has not changed since its formation, mainly because of "four liberalization, one independence and one strengthening", that is, operating electricity prices outside transmission and distribution, incremental distribution business, electricity sales business, public welfare and regulatory power generation and power supply plans, trading platforms are relatively independent, and supervision is strengthened.
The release of power sales side is an integral part of the scheme, but it does not involve "dispatching independence" and "separation of transmission and distribution"
Power reform is an area where the progress of energy reform is slow. Since the electricity reform was launched in 2002, the progress has not been smooth and has been receiving much attention.
Electricity reform is still in a delicate game stage. In fact, in the current logic of power reform, the reform of power sales side is not the most urgent task. The power market has its own characteristics. Verifying the transmission and distribution price, changing the business model of power grid enterprises and establishing a relatively independent trading platform should all be the tasks in the future. It is necessary to guard against the speculation of the capital market in liberalizing the power sales side.
The reform of power sales side is brewing: city and county power supply bureaus may be reorganized into power sales companies.
20 14 12.24 source: China business news.
The electricity sales side is planning to reform six types of institutions or become the main body of electricity sales.
Zhang Xudong Jiangxuan
Under the expectation of a new round of electricity reform, power stocks performed well, and many speculations came into being. The brewing reform of power sales side has become the latest focus.
6 types of electricity sales entities?
The reporter of "China Business News" learned from the source that a discussion plan on how to reform the electricity sales side proposed six types of subjects who can participate in the electricity sales business in the future. Among them, five categories are competitive power sales entities, and another category is institutions that undertake power sales services.
The first is that the city and county power supply bureaus that do not undertake transmission and distribution tasks are reorganized into independent power sales companies, which directly purchase electricity from power generation enterprises, pay transmission fees, and sell electricity to users independently.
The second type is a power generation enterprise with five power generation group networks, which may set up a power sales department within the enterprise to directly negotiate with users and engage in power sales or distribution business while large users directly trade.
The third category is engineering construction companies related to the power grid, and energy-saving service companies close to users have the opportunity to become the main body of electricity sales.
The fourth category is large-scale industrial parks, where electricity-limiting entities can be set up to provide electricity sales services for enterprises in parks or development zones.
Fifth, conditional social capital can set up electricity sales enterprises to directly provide electricity sales services.
In addition to the above five categories, there are also the underlying power selling institutions: they are mainly transformed from the original power supply companies, bear the responsibility of universal service, and have the characteristics of public service. All electricity sales service agencies are subject to supervision.
Our reporter learned from a person in China Electric Power Enterprise Association that the discussion draft of the current electricity reform scheme only involves the release of the electricity sales side, and how to release it remains to be further discussed. After determining the target subject, the next step is to clarify how to identify and supervise the problem.
Direct purchase of electricity by large users has always been an early template for the reform of power sales side. Previously, the State Council's decentralization and cancellation of the power of examination and approval all involved the field of power. 20 13 Cancel the pilot approval of direct power purchase by large users. The pilot of direct purchase of electricity by large users is restricted by industrial policy thresholds such as energy saving and emission reduction, which involves the interests of power generation enterprises and power grid enterprises and has poor results.
In the market-oriented reform of electricity sales side, it is necessary to promote the direct purchase of electricity by large users, let go of the option of large users to purchase electricity, and form a competitive pattern of multiple buyers. At the same time, gradually cultivate the main body of power sales, introduce private capital, set up power exchanges and power sales companies, and form a diversified power sales market.
Question 8: Is there a difference between a power supply enterprise and a power sale enterprise? Power enterprises are divided into power generation enterprises and power supply enterprises, so power supply enterprises are "networks". Although the power supply company is a part of the power grid company, most of the county-level power supply companies in the power supply company are under the jurisdiction of the local government.
Question 9: What tools do power selling companies need to participate in the electricity trading market? There are not many bidding software for selling electricity in China.
Question 10: What exactly does electricity reform mean? Compared with other industries, the power industry reform in China is the most difficult. In 2002, the State Council issued the "Power System Reform Plan" (commonly known as "Document No.5"), and put forward the 16 electric power reform policy of "separation of power plant and network, separation of main and auxiliary power, separation of transmission and distribution, and bidding for access to the Internet". However, since then, the power reform has basically stagnated, and most of the goals in the No.5 document are empty.
The new electricity reform plan was officially reported to the central government on 20 1 14 10. The core content of the scheme is to establish a new profit model for power grid enterprises. Instead of taking the difference between the on-grid electricity price and the sales electricity price as the income source, the network fee is charged according to the transmission and distribution price approved by * * *. At the same time, let go of the incremental parts of the distribution side and the power sales side, allowing private capital to enter. The scheme will not split the power grid and the dispatching will not be independent.
A few days ago, it was reported that the new electricity reform plan was exposed.
The main contents of the new electricity reform
According to the exposure of some media, the main contents of the document can be summarized as "three liberalization, one independence and three strengthening". The insiders believe that the introduction of the electricity reform policy will undoubtedly open the trillion-dollar market corresponding to the national electricity sales of 5.5 trillion kWh, and will also improve the efficiency of power generation, power supply and electricity consumption and realize the savings of the whole society.
According to media reports, the original "four liberalization" has become "three liberalization" in this document: liberalization of new distribution markets, liberalization of operating electricity prices outside transmission and distribution, and liberalization of power generation plans outside public welfare control. The original "liberalization of electricity sales business and incremental distribution business" was merged into one sentence "liberalization of new distribution power market".
The industry believes that the new electricity reform is expected to open the trillion-dollar market, and the release of the electricity sales side is expected to become the biggest dividend of this round of reform. Power generation companies such as the five major power groups and private capital groups with financial strength are expected to take the lead.
There has been such an analysis in the industry before. After the electricity reform, there are about five types of power sales entities, namely: city and county power supply bureaus that do not undertake transmission and distribution tasks (reorganized into independent power sales companies); Power generation enterprises led by the five power generation giants; Engineering construction companies related to power grid; Large industrial park (forming the main body of power distribution); A power selling enterprise established by social capital.