Audit failed.
How to control the risk of microfinance?
1. Problems in credit risk management: 1. Weak awareness of risk management. The operating rules of credit issuance were not strictly implemented, and the loan issuance was not strictly controlled. Generally speaking, from top to bottom, we first obtain the loan intention of the superior, and then handle it step by step, so that the credit staff of the grassroots credit cooperatives mistakenly think that since the superior has the loan intention, we will follow. This reverse procedural operation makes a considerable number of credit managers have a weak sense of risk, and even some defects such as falsehood, inaccuracy and concealment appear in the first-hand investigation materials. 2. Secured mortgage is just a form. At present, in addition to issuing credit loans to small farmers, rural credit cooperatives generally take the form of guarantee and mortgage loans to prevent credit risks. However, there are the following problems in practice: First, the value of collateral is too high or the proportion of right value recognized by the competent authorities is too high. At present, due to the trend of interests, some appraisal companies evaluate customers' assets not according to their actual market value, but according to their requirements, and the appraisal price is seriously inaccurate. When the borrower's first repayment source is not enough to dispose of the collateral, its realized value is not enough to cover the loan principal and interest, and some even have to pay expensive asset preservation and execution fees; 3. The loan management is lax and the internal control system is weak. First, the pre-loan investigation is not deep enough, and the analysis of the borrower's first repayment source is inaccurate and insufficient attention is paid. Only pay the second repayment source unilaterally (that is, the realization of loan collateral). Second, it neglected the post-loan management, and repeated the management thinking of light collection and light management. Due to the large number and small amount of loans, loan officers did not implement the account manager system in rural credit cooperatives. Some large loans are ignored after they are issued, and they don't understand the borrower's operation and the use of funds. Once the loan forms a risk, it cannot be found and prevented in time. Third, there is a lack of effective supervision and restriction between posts in credit cooperatives. For example, the examiner lacks independence and authority when exercising the examination authority. 4. The disposal of non-performing assets lags behind, and the loan accountability is weak. Due to the lack of timely and comprehensive early warning information, it is difficult to dispose of the formed non-performing assets and the cost of collecting loans is too high. Although the asset preservation department tries to revitalize and collect money through multiple channels, it is difficult to pay off the principal and interest because of the poor liquidity of rural assets and the difficulty in implementation. Because the reasons for the formation of non-performing assets are not divided and identified, there is no strict punishment for the accountability of those responsible for violations, some are only simple economic penalties, no administrative or legal measures are taken to deal with them, and some are not held accountable at all, resulting in unclear responsibilities. In addition, credit managers are frequently transferred, and successors ignore old accounts, and accountability is ineffective. 2. Suggestions on credit risk prevention: 1. Strengthening the concept of credit risk management Credit risk management should adhere to people-oriented, and credit personnel must adhere to principles in the process of loan business operation, organize various credit trainings regularly every quarter, improve their professional quality and moral cultivation, and carry out in-depth professional ethics education, financial laws and regulations, job skills training and business learning. The establishment and improvement of the old and new business articles of association of credit cooperatives is a gradual process, and high-quality credit personnel can make up for the deficiency of management system. Improve the self-restraint mechanism, formulate a strict and scientific risk management system, establish and improve the internal risk prevention system, and timely grasp the credit risk situation. It is necessary to formulate a training plan for credit business and assessment and reward and punishment measures, turn the requirement of learning business knowledge and skills into the conscious action of employees, continuously improve the management level, and effectively prevent and resolve credit risks. 2. Adhere to market positioning and serve agriculture, countryside and farmers. Rural credit cooperatives should always adhere to the principle of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", update their ideas, adapt to the needs of building a new socialist countryside, innovate the service level of supporting agriculture, and occupy and consolidate rural positions. While continuing to support loans for small farmers, we will increase credit support for leading enterprises such as large private enterprises and large professional enterprises. Leading enterprises are connected with thousands of enterprises at one end and a vast market at the other, which is a very important key link in the agricultural industrialization chain and the "main position" of rural credit cooperatives' loan income. Doing this work well is of strategic significance to the future development of rural credit cooperatives, enhancing their own market competitiveness and improving their inherent ability to resist risks. 3. Strengthen credit management and standardize the operation process of credit business. First, the credit project responsibility system will be fully implemented, and the main person in charge of credit operation and the person in charge of credit operation post will divide the responsibilities for the whole process of issuing and recovering each loan. This responsibility is not affected by my transfer from my post, and it is a lifelong responsibility system. If credit risk is formed, it will be divided according to this responsibility. ......
What are the specific responsibilities of the loan risk control department?
Improve the company's risk management objectives and processes, and establish a risk management system for guarantee, evaluation, asset management and other businesses.
Promote the comprehensive prevention and control of internal and external risks of the company.
What do you mean I can't get a loan through risk control?
Do too much
What are the key points to master in the basic knowledge of credit risk control?
25 Basic Knowledge Points of Credit Risk Control Practitioners
1, credit
Credit is the borrowing behavior between different owners that reflects a certain economic relationship. It is a special form of value movement on the condition of repayment. It is a credit activity in which creditors lend money and debtors repay and pay certain interest on time.
2. Microfinance
The international community generally refers to the financial services provided to low-and middle-income groups and small microfinance enterprises as microfinance.
3. Credit
Credit is a willingness and ability to perform a contract in the future recognized by others, and credit is an intangible asset of a person.
4. Risk
It is generally believed that risks are bilateral, that is, upper risks and lower risks. Lower risk refers to the uncertainty of future losses, and upper risk refers to the uncertainty of future profits, that is, the possibility of both losses and profits.
5. Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the possibility that commercial banks and other institutions will suffer economic losses due to various internal and external uncertainties in the process of credit business operation.
6. Information asymmetry
Asymmetric RM means that everyone has different information in the transaction. In the credit relationship, the borrower can fully understand and master the credit policy, credit system, credit supervision and other information of the credit institution at any time, but the credit institution cannot own and master all the information of each borrower, which forms the information asymmetry in the credit relationship, and the borrower has the information advantage, which often puts the credit institution at a disadvantage.
7. Liquidity risk
"Liquidity Risk Management Guidelines for Commercial Banks" defines "liquidity risk" as the risk that although commercial banks have solvency, they cannot obtain sufficient funds in time or at a reasonable cost to cope with asset growth or pay due debts.
8. Strategic risks
Strategic risks mainly come from four aspects: lack of overall compatibility, strategic defects, lack of resources and difficulties in quality assurance.
9. Compliance risk
Compliance risk refers to the possibility of loss due to illegal operation or mistakes in evaluating the legal compliance of operation and operation, and the possibility of loss risk expansion due to insufficient understanding and improper handling of the legal consequences of the above mistakes.
10, operational risk
In paragraph 644 of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the Guidelines on Operational Risk Management of Commercial Banks, operational risk is defined as the risk of direct or indirect losses caused by imperfect or problematic internal procedures, employees and information technology systems and external events.
1 1, credit risk
Due to the potential, long-term, destructive and uncontrollable nature of credit risk, credit risk is the most direct and main risk in microfinance operation!
12, market risk
Market risk refers to the change and fluctuation of interest rate, exchange rate and price in market transactions, which may lead to the loss of investment portfolio or financial assets held.
13, Risk Management
Risk management is a decision-making process used by social organizations or individuals to reduce the negative results of risks. On the basis of risk identification, risk estimation and risk assessment, we should select and optimize various risk management technologies, effectively control risks, properly handle the losses and consequences caused by risks, and achieve maximum security at the lowest cost.
14. Risk exposure
Risk exposure refers to unprotected risk, that is, the credit balance that may bear the risk due to the debtor's default, and refers to the actual risk, which is generally associated with specific risks.
15, risk warning
Risk early warning is the name of a system. The full name is "risk early warning system".
16, risk identification
Only on the basis of correctly identifying the risks they face can people take the initiative to choose appropriate and effective methods to deal with them. Microfinance institutions must be good at discovering, foreseeing and capturing all kinds of potential risks faced by customers in the course of operation.
17, risk avoidance strategy
Credit risk aversion means that microfinance institutions choose those credit projects that meet their own risk requirements according to their own risk preference characteristics, and at the same time give up those credit projects that do not meet their own risk requirements. Microfinance institutions must analyze the credit of loan applicants and decide whether to withdraw according to the results of credit analysis. In other words, credit analysis is the premise of evasion, and evasion based on credit analysis is not blind but necessary.
18, risk diversification strategy
For credit business, it is necessary to concentrate funds. ......
What are the problems in the risk control of consumer loans?
Small loan companies not only have their own unique products and rules in risk control, but also have many similarities in dealing with the possible risks of borrowers themselves. Let's interpret risk from the perspective of the borrower.
First, the risk that the borrower lacks experience and ability.
The borrower's lack of industry experience and ability will often lead to the failure of its business projects and affect the normal repayment.
For borrowers with insufficient experience in the industry, first, the project is required to operate for more than six months before loans can be given to ensure normal and stable operation; Second, whether the borrower has other sources of income, if so, determine the loan amount on the basis of other sources of income; The third is to provide a reliable guarantor.
Second, the risk of the borrower's unstable marriage and family.
Borrowers with unstable marriage and family often hide great risks. People with poor marriage and family management often have poor career management, or have defects in moral character, or fail to focus on business management. At the same time, if the relationship between husband and wife is not good, once the two sides divorce, many times both sides will try their best to avoid debts, which will also cause great trouble for the recovery of loans.
For borrowers with unstable marriage and family, we must find out the reasons. If it is the borrower's problem, it is best not to give the loan; If it's not the borrower's problem, we should also consider giving loans with guarantees.
Third, the risk of instability of the borrower's residence.
Because the borrower's residence is unstable and mobile, if the borrower leaves the place after the loan, it will cause great trouble to recover the loan.
To provide loans to borrowers with unstable residences, first, it is required to provide guarantees from people with stable and powerful residences in the local area or people with stable residences and control over the borrowers; Second, if the borrower's local business projects are stable and the investment is large, it is not appropriate to transfer them easily, and the stability of residence is not important.
Fourth, the borrower's quality and moral hazard.
The borrower's quality and moral hazard is one of the most serious risks in loan risk. If he is a person with good quality and morality, even if he is unable to repay, he may breach the contract, but he will actively cooperate and repay. But if he meets people with poor quality and morality, he will try his best to refuse to repay the loan. Therefore, as long as the borrower is determined to be a person with poor quality and morality, he should not give a loan.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Health risks of borrowers and their families
If borrowers or their family members have serious health problems, borrowers often spend huge sums of money on treatment, thus affecting their repayment ability. If the borrower dies, the debt often cannot be fulfilled, thus making the loan invalid.
If the borrower has serious health problems, it is best not to borrow money; If the family has serious illness and other problems, you can consider increasing the protection.
Credit risk of intransitive verb borrowers
For those who have the above-mentioned bad credit behaviors, if they are malicious, they should refuse to provide loans.
If the borrower has the above-mentioned breach of contract, but it is not malicious, and the time is not long, but his credit concept is weak, and he does not realize the importance of credit records, and the borrower has the ability to repay. In this case, he can communicate with the borrower on credit awareness, improve the borrower's credit awareness, enhance his credit concept, and make him realize the importance of credit records. If the borrower accepts it, he can first provide him with a small loan and ask for a guarantee. If the repayment record is good in the future, the loan amount can be gradually increased.
Seven, business qualification risk
A situation, without the permission of the competent department of * * *, is unlicensed. In this case, the borrower's enterprise may be ordered to close by the * * * department at any time; In the latter case, although there may be relevant certificates, the actual business activities can not meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, and may also be suspended for rectification.
Therefore, it is best not to borrow money in the above situation.
Eight. Equity risk
In the former case, because the borrower has no decision-making power, the distribution of income and assets cannot be decided by himself, and the repayment of debts is greatly restricted. At the same time, it also means that borrowers have less income and limited repayment ability. Therefore, the loan amount cannot exceed its income level. At the same time, the partner with decision-making power should be required to be the guarantor or debtor.
In order to prevent the second situation, one is to investigate the authenticity of the articles of association or partnership agreement provided; The second is to visit the employees of the company to verify whether the partnership behavior is true; The third is to ask it. ......
What is the responsibility of a credit risk controller? What do you mainly do?
Check whether the information is true or not!
What exactly does the risk control department and risk control manager of the loan company do? Say thank you simply and clearly.
Manage the loan risk. When applying for a loan, analyze, evaluate and approve the credit risk of individual customers and corporate customers before the loan, and track and evaluate the repayers regularly after the loan. If it is the head office, it will evaluate and track the market risk of the bank's asset position. If there is a secondary market transaction, it will also be approved before the transaction and tracked after the transaction to determine whether to maintain the holding status.
What should be paid attention to in risk control of credit industry?
What should be paid attention to in risk control of credit industry? I believe many people are not clear about the specific content. What should we pay attention to in risk control of credit industry? How can we save ourselves from being killed by the credit industry? Let me take you to know about the risk control of the credit industry and the matters needing attention.
What should be paid attention to in risk control of credit industry?
The formation of credit risk is a gradual process. From germination and accumulation to the occurrence of credit risk before the maturity of repayment period, adverse changes in materials may affect the borrower's execution ability in financial business. In addition, the lender also stipulated a general breach clause to create a guarantee, such as guaranteeing his right to repay in time, or stipulating a breach clause in the contract. The basic meaning of cross-default is that when other loan contracts are in default, the debtor of this contract is also considered to be in default.
Generally speaking, the creditor is the reason why the parties fail to perform their obligations under this contract, and the debtor shall bear the liability for breach of contract. However, the breach of contract clause is limited, which means "the first strike is strong, and the second strike is strong. Try to take relief measures before the crisis, so as to avoid the debt owed by a loan contract in a certain case exceeding that of other creditors. Although there is no clear stipulation in the current law of our country, it does not violate the relevant laws and spiritual provisions of the contract law. The right of uneasy defense in the current contract law can be used as the legal basis for its application. Therefore, the cross-default clause can be used as a contractual agreement to enable the lender to control the borrower's credit rating in a timely and comprehensive manner.
Broadly speaking, the credit management of commercial banks includes the formulation and implementation of credit policies, the establishment and improvement of internal authorization and credit system, the formulation, implementation and enforcement of credit operation rules, the establishment of credit risk monitoring mechanism and other mutual coordination and control systems and their implementation effects. In a narrow sense, the credit management of commercial banks only refers to pre-loan investigation, loan term management and loan risk management, control and treatment. Based on the analysis of the existing problems in credit management of commercial banks, this paper analyzes the concept of credit management of commercial banks and puts forward the basic ideas and concrete countermeasures to solve this problem.
What should be paid attention to in risk control of credit industry?
First, the basic management is weak, and the credit file data is seriously leaked. Mainly lost the borrower and guarantor financial information, mortgage loans, loan inspection reports, reminders and other information. Credit files are bank loans, management and recovery loans, which are recorded. Its loss, especially the loss of some legal documents, not only brings difficulties to the loan risk analysis, but also constitutes an obstacle to the collection of loans according to law.
Two, there is no strict implementation of the loan approval separation system. The main manifestations are as follows: (1) the establishment of the loan-trial separation institution is slow; The loan approval and loan approval separation system is a mere formality, such as the phenomenon that the loan contract, loan receipt and other legal documents, loan documents, contract signing date and loan receipt date filled in by loan personnel before loan approval are earlier than the loan approval date, and the loan amount, period approval quantity and period are different.
Third, the loan inspection system is not implemented. The main performance is that the pre-loan investigation is just a formality; Loan review is not strict; After the loan inspection, the borrower uses the tracking surface and ignores the credit, mortgage and pledge of the loan to the borrower. Changes and changes in operating conditions and/or liabilities to ensure follow-up investigation.
What should be paid attention to in risk control of credit industry? Have you made it clear? The knowledge of risk control in the credit industry must be learned a lot, so that there will be no common sense mistakes.
What is the meaning of borrowing in the capital risk control table?
Yes, it represents the direction of bookkeeping.
1. Debit of asset and cost accounts indicates an increase, while credit indicates a decrease (the opposite is true for allowance accounts).
2. Debit of liabilities and equity accounts means decrease, and credit means increase.
3. Debit balance of asset class indicates self-owned assets, and debit balance of cost class indicates unamortized expenses; The credit balance of liabilities or equity indicates the liabilities to be assumed or the equity owned.
I hope my answer is helpful to you.