At present, the main gap between China's financial leasing industry and foreign financial leasing industry is the backward concept, which still stays at the level of pure financial leasing. Therefore, in order to survive and develop, financial leasing companies must innovate their ideas and adjust the development direction of financial leasing. 1999 August 10 The seminar on financial leasing held in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province proposed that China's financial leasing industry should change its business philosophy, from pure financial leasing to realize the future development direction from buyer leasing to seller leasing, from financing to promotion, and from laissez-faire operation to controllable operation. This is a great progress, but it needs to be implemented. After 50 years of development, financial leasing has expanded from a single financing function to a comprehensive service industry integrating financing, promotion, investment promotion and asset management functions. Therefore, only by adapting to the increasingly diversified market financing needs, constantly innovating leasing products, giving full play to and constantly expanding the unique functions of financial leasing can China's financial leasing companies maintain their vigorous vitality. -
2. Accelerate asset reorganization, broaden financing channels, expand enterprise scale and enhance enterprise strength.
The financial leasing industry has developed to a turning point in the alternation of old and new, the survival of the fittest, asset reorganization and rectification. According to the Administrative Measures for Financial Leasing Companies and the Interim Measures for the Examination and Approval of Foreign-invested Leasing Company A promulgated in 20001,the minimum registered capital of newly established financial leasing companies is RMB 654.38 billion, and the minimum registered capital of foreign-invested leasing companies is USD 20 million. Financial leasing companies engaged in foreign exchange business should also have foreign exchange capital of not less than 50 million US dollars. The capital adequacy ratio must reach 10%. In this way, a number of unlicensed or small-scale leasing companies can be eliminated through the mandatory provisions of registered capital. Then through rectification, merger, asset reorganization and other means, improve the comprehensive strength of the existing financial leasing companies, and make the leasing companies bigger and stronger. We should create conditions to set up national and regional financial leasing companies with a certain scale, and gradually enhance our competitiveness with foreign leasing companies.
Financing ability will directly affect the development scale and speed of financial leasing companies. According to the Measures for the Administration of Financial Leasing Companies, financial leasing companies can raise long-term funds by issuing financial value bonds, borrowing from financial institutions and borrowing foreign exchange. Financial leasing companies should make full use of existing policies, further broaden financing channels, raise funds in various forms, establish healthy financing channels, and provide sufficient sources of funds for business development.
3. Broaden the business scope and realize the multi-piece and specialization of rental goods.
From the perspective of business types, on the one hand, as far as the overall development of China's financial leasing industry is concerned, we should boldly try to actively develop new business forms such as after-sale leaseback, leveraged lease and sales lease, and rapidly develop indirect external leasing business, which is the fastest growing business in the international leasing market and plays a major role in leasing development. In the case of general shortage of funds, we should be good at developing non-self-operated leasing forms such as leveraged leasing, improve the financing ability of financial leasing companies, and ease the financial pressure. At the same time, it can also be widely engaged in other financial businesses, such as issuing financial bonds, providing working capital loans to lessees, interbank lending, securities investment and equity investment, and guarantees from financial institutions, so as to realize diversification of leasing methods. On the other hand, although the Measures for the Administration of Financial Leasing Companies has expanded the business scope of financial leasing companies, it does not encourage all companies to fully attack. On the contrary, in view of the small scale of financial leasing companies in China, each financial leasing company should carry out specialized operations according to its own characteristics and advantages, determine its main business, such as specializing in certain types of machinery and equipment, and become a specialized leasing company.
From the perspective of regional business, we should first vigorously explore the domestic market, because China's industrial equipment is generally backward and the technical level is low, which provides a broad development space for the development of financial leasing companies. On the one hand, we should strengthen the introduction of foreign advanced equipment, on the other hand, we should base ourselves on domestic equipment manufacturing enterprises, take the market as the guide, and constantly innovate financial leasing products. Secondly, we should actively explore the export equipment leasing business, especially combine the overseas investment strategy of domestic enterprises and adopt financial leasing to promote overseas investment. Compared with some developing countries, the technical level of some equipment in China is relatively advanced, so direct or indirect leasing business should be developed in the local market by setting up subsidiaries, joint ventures and branches in developing countries.
4. Strengthen management, standardize management and establish a standardized management system.
We should set up a unified national financial leasing management department and a national financial leasing association to strengthen the macro-management and coordination of financial leasing companies. According to the principle of centralized financial management in China, financial leasing companies are under the unified management of the People's Bank of China, which formulates the development strategy and long-term planning of China's financial leasing industry, formulates unified industry policies, competition rules and business operation norms of the leasing industry, and formulates asset-liability ratio management according to different types of leasing companies. Establish and improve the internal operating mechanism and management system of financial leasing companies. For example, the internal evaluation of the project and the lease credit insurance system should be established, the pre-lease investigation and post-lease management should be strengthened, the economic strength, technical level, credit and economic benefits of the lessee should be comprehensively evaluated, and the wind prevention should be strengthened. We should establish a bad debt reserve system as soon as possible according to the newly implemented Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises-Lease, and strive to establish a lease credit guarantee system.
At the same time, effective measures should be taken to clear up the rent arrears, eliminate non-performing assets through asset restructuring and debt-to-equity swaps, attract excellent assets, and strive to put an end to the phenomenon of rent arrears. In addition, improving the service level should also be the goal of financial leasing companies.
5. Strengthen horizontal cooperation with financial institutions, large enterprises and import and export companies in various forms.
At present, leasing companies engaged in leasing business abroad can be divided into three types according to their forms: (1) financial institutions, such as leasing companies affiliated with banks and insurance companies, can have relatively strong funds themselves; (2) The category of manufacturers refers to the establishment of a leasing department or a leasing company affiliated to it within the enterprise, and owns the leased property; (3) Comprehensive franchising refers to a company that independently operates financial leasing business or service leasing business, raising funds by itself and purchasing equipment from manufacturers for leasing. No matter what form of leasing company, it is inevitable to exchange funds or goods with financial institutions and manufacturers, but the relationship between them is different. Therefore, the establishment of financial leasing companies based on the combination of financial capital and industrial capital has become the mainstream in the world today.
By combining with financial institutions and production enterprises, financial leasing companies can realize the combination of capital advantages and professional technical advantages, which can not only expand the asset business of financial institutions, but also help production enterprises to promote products and provide customers with more product supporting services such as technical training and equipment maintenance. In this way, through the intermediary of financial leasing company, we can not only finance and finance the lessee, but also promote the marketing of equipment products of production enterprises and financial products of financial institutions. When engaged in international financial leasing, it is often assisted by import and export companies. Therefore, China's financial leasing companies should attract financial institutions, production enterprises and trading companies to participate in the business through various forms of cooperation, which can not only solve the problems of capital, products and technology, but also innovate leasing products and disperse business risks.
6. Strengthen the theoretical research and publicity of financial leasing, and train a group of financial leasing professionals.
The financial leasing industry is still a new industry in China, and the research on it has not yet formed a systematic theory. Therefore, financial leasing companies should explore and summarize their internal operating rules in practice, learn from the experience of the development of financial leasing industry in the world, and combine China's national conditions to improve and develop China's financial leasing theory and practice. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the publicity of financial leasing. Compared with the performance that about 80% enterprises in the leasing industry in the United States adopt leasing, and the annual leasing turnover exceeds 654.38 billion US dollars, China's financial leasing market still has great development potential. In the publicity, the lessee should fully realize that financial leasing is an important way to raise funds by using external resources, which is not only unique in function, but also simpler and more flexible than loans and bonds, and more favorable than other medium and long-term credits, thus changing the traditional way of equipment purchase.
Because of the large investment, long cycle and many participants, financial leasing has complex legal relations and high risks. This requires the company to have a group of professionals who are proficient in financial leasing theory and have rich practical experience. For example, from the perspective of technical risk, although the lessee has the right to choose the leased property, it does not mean that the leasing company can be indifferent to the choice of the leased property. Whether the leased property is properly selected and whether it can bring tangible economic benefits to the lessee is directly related to the rent recovery of the leasing company. This requires that the leasing company must have relevant professional and technical personnel who can accurately evaluate the performance, market prospect and price of the leased property. At the same time, financial leasing is a comprehensive service, and there must be a group of professionals who know management, trade and law. Therefore, financial leasing companies are required to strengthen business training for employees and improve their quality.
7. Improve laws and regulations on leasing goods, strengthen government support, and create a good external environment.
Lease legislation should be further improved. On the basis of drawing lessons from international experience and summarizing China's practice, the lease law is formulated to form a complete and systematic lease legal system. At the same time, learn from the practice of foreign financial leasing industry, formulate corresponding preferential policies and measures in finance, foreign exchange, taxation, depreciation, credit and insurance, encourage and support its development, and enhance its ability to confront multinational leasing companies.