The summary of accounting data and operating data provides an important basis for investors to analyze the overall operating conditions of listed companies. In order to analyze the overall operation of the company from accounting data and operating data, it is first and foremost to know and understand the basic meaning expressed by these data. Secondly, some methods are used to process and analyze these data. The most basic and commonly used analysis method is comparative analysis, that is, by comparing two or more related economic indicators, we can find out the differences and study and evaluate the company's operating conditions. The comparative analysis method mainly has the following forms: 1, which compares the actual indicators with the planned indicators to assess the completion of related plans; 2. The comparison between the actual number of the current period and the actual number of the previous period, that is, the vertical comparison, so as to understand the changes of relevant indicators in different periods; 3. Compare the actual figures of this period with the indicators of companies in the same industry, that is, horizontal comparison, so as to understand the differences in financial status and operating results of listed companies.
Second, analyze the report of the board of directors in the annual report
The report of the board of directors is the general report made by the board of directors of the company to investors on the operation and investment of the company, from which investors can get a lot of information about the company. Therefore, it is necessary for investors to make a detailed analysis of the following contents in the report of the board of directors: 1, Company operation. Investors should understand the industry in which the company is located and its position in this industry; The company's main business scope and operating conditions; Problems and solutions in company operation. 2. The financial status of the company. Investors should analyze the financial situation of the company in combination with the financial report part of the annual report. In particular, if a certified public accountant issues a non-standard audit report on projects involving statements, the board of directors will explain it in this part, and investors should pay close attention to the explanation of the board of directors in order to better judge the real financial situation of the company. 3. Company's investment. Understand the increase and decrease of the company's investment in the reporting period compared with the previous year, the name of the invested company and its main business activities. 4. Changes in the company's production and operation environment and policy environment. 5. The business development plan for the new year, including the income and cost plan for the new year and the expected progress of new projects and projects under construction. Pay attention to whether the company planning is feasible and can produce expected benefits. 6. Daily work of the board of directors. 7. Profit distribution plan or plan for transferring capital reserve to share capital.
Three, master the main contents of the financial accounting report
Financial accounting report is the core of the annual report of listed companies, including audit report and balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and statement of changes in shareholders' equity. The quality of information is the key to whether investors can find valuable clues from the annual report. Audit report is a professional report provided by certified public accountants on whether the annual report is standardized and whether the information provided is true. The four major accounting statements provide investors with comprehensive information on the assets and liabilities, profitability, cash flow and changes in shareholders' equity of listed companies. After investors have a preliminary understanding of the above parts, they can roughly determine whether it is necessary to make further detailed and serious analysis of the annual report according to their own needs, so as to get twice the result with half the effort.