Classification of state-owned enterprises:
1, special corporate enterprise
It is completely funded by the government and its legal person status is clear. It is regulated by the state through special laws and policies and is not regulated by the company law. Such state-owned enterprises are endowed with mandatory social goals, but have no economic goals, that is, their role is to directly provide public services. Such as national defense facilities, urban public transportation, urban greening, water conservancy and so on. , should be classified as this kind of enterprise. These enterprises need subsidies from public finance to maintain normal operation.
2. Wholly state-owned companies
It is fully funded by the government and regulated by the company law. This kind of enterprise takes social public goal as the main goal, followed by economic goal. Such enterprises are mainly typical natural monopoly enterprises and resource enterprises, such as railways, tap water, natural gas, electricity, airports and so on. From an economic point of view, the products or services of such enterprises should be priced at marginal cost or average cost to maximize social welfare, rather than seeking to grab more surplus from consumers.
3. State-owned holding companies
It is owned by the government and regulated by the Company Law. This kind of enterprise has both social goals and economic goals, which are supported by economic goals. Such enterprises are mainly quasi-natural monopoly enterprises and pillar industries of national economic development, such as electronics, automobiles, medicine and airports. It should be noted that such enterprises do not directly provide public services, but indirectly provide public services by paying dividends and bonuses to the state finance. If these enterprises have to perform some public functions due to special circumstances, the losses caused will be compensated by the state finance. However, after compensation, dividends cannot be exempted. Of course, through agreement and accounting, the two can offset each other.
Have the basic characteristics of an enterprise.
(1) engaged in production and business activities;
(2) It is an organization composed of most people;
(3) It is established according to law, and its certain rights and obligations are confirmed by law.
State-owned enterprise is a special enterprise. The definition points out that its capital is wholly or mainly invested by the state, and all its capital or major shares are owned by the state. This is different from other enterprises that are wholly or mainly invested by non-governmental organizations (organizations and individuals).
The definition of state-owned joint-stock company:
Strictly speaking, state-owned holding companies should be called "state-owned holding companies" or "government holding companies". Not a state-owned enterprise, the government is just an ordinary shareholder and is regulated by the company law. There is no doubt that such enterprises and general competitive enterprises have no mandatory social goals, and economic goals are dominant. If they also provide public services, it is an act of consciously fulfilling social responsibilities and should be encouraged and supported. For such enterprises, the government's share participation is only to strengthen the strength of the state-owned economy. In addition, the government has no other additional obligations to such enterprises.