Classification of equity relations:
The first meaning refers to the concentration of equity, that is, the shareholding ratio of the top five shareholders. In this sense, there are three types of ownership structure: first, the ownership is highly concentrated, and the absolute controlling shareholder generally owns more than 50% of the shares of the company and has absolute control over the company; Second, the equity is highly dispersed, the company has no major shareholders, the ownership and management rights are basically completely separated, and the shareholding ratio of a single shareholder is below 10%; Third, the company has relatively large controlling shareholders and other major shareholders, and the shareholding ratio is between 10%-50%.
The second meaning is the composition of equity, that is, the number of shares held by shareholder groups with different backgrounds. In China, it refers to the shareholding ratio of state shareholders, corporate shareholders and public shareholders. Theoretically, the ownership structure can be classified according to the distribution and matching methods of residual control rights and residual income claims of enterprises. From this perspective, the ownership structure can be divided into non-competitive control and competitive control. In the case of competitive control rights, residual control rights and residual claims match each other, and shareholders can and are willing to effectively control the board of directors and managers; In the non-competitive shareholding structure, the controlling position of the controlling shareholder of the enterprise is locked, and the supervisory role of the board of directors and managers will be weakened.