Before we know and understand the air pollution caused by automobile exhaust, let's first understand the national standard of Ambient Air Quality. This is a comparison table of pollutants and pollutant concentrations. From the table, we can clearly see that the main substances that cause air pollution are sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, benzopyrene and so on. And these substances can be found in automobile exhaust, which have a great contribution to air pollution. This is the sharing rate of pollution sources during heating in Beijing and Shanghai: the sharing rate of carbon monoxide is 64% in Beijing, 60% in Shanghai, 74% in Beijing and 37% in Shanghai. If it is not in the heating period, the pollutants emitted by these automobile exhaust will "contribute" more. It can be seen that after natural gas replaces coal, automobile exhaust will become the "culprit" of air pollution.
Automobile exhaust contributes more and more to air pollution. According to environmental monitoring and analysis, the annual exhaust emission of a car is three times its own weight. According to this estimation, if Xi 'an is based on the existing 6.5438+0.4 million motor vehicles, and each vehicle has a dead weight of 0.5 tons, the estimated annual pollutant emission is 2.65438+0.0000 tons. These wastes need 4 tons of trucks, 654.38+0.0000 vehicles, and it takes five times to pull them out. In the interview, we didn't get the automobile exhaust emissions of Xi 'an, but compared with the automobile exhaust emissions of Shanghai 1996, the audience understood a thing or two. 1.996 motor vehicle emissions in Shanghai: 380,000 tons of carbon monoxide, 82,000 tons of hydroxide and 654.38+10,000 tons of hydrocarbons. I really don't know, but I'm shocked. What is even more frightening is the harm of exhaust gas to human body.
The serious air pollution caused by automobile exhaust is mainly due to the following reasons: First, the number of automobiles is growing too fast and concentrated in cities. According to the data provided by Xi 'an Vehicle Administration, in 2000, the total number of motor vehicles in our city was 255,000, and in 200 1 year it was 273,000. These changes can also be found in the license plates of cars driving on main roads. In just two years, Xi 'an's license plate has increased from the original Shaanxi A-C to the current Shaanxi A-L, which is evident. However, before 200 1, 1 and1,most of the vehicles added were carburetor vehicles, with small exhaust and high fuel consumption, which could not meet the requirements of environmentally-friendly vehicles.
Secondly, the automobile emission performance is poor, and the automobile maintenance and elimination system is not strict. The emission of pollutants from new cars and bicycles in China is five times that of developed countries. With the use of automobiles, it will be 10 times or dozens of times that of advanced countries in a short time. In addition, there is no perfect and strict car maintenance system and old car elimination system, which has been in disrepair for a long time and old car operation is very common. Look at the booming used car trading market in our city, and then listen to the advertisement of maintenance personnel training in the media, "Want to learn auto repair to Yanta, it is not difficult to see why the auto repair industry is so prosperous."
Thirdly, the supervision of automobile exhaust detection is not enough. During the interview, the reporter learned that there are four automatic automobile inspection lines in our city, and motor vehicles should be inspected online every year. Inspectors tell us that about 30% of the exhaust gas is unqualified every year, and the audience as drivers will know whether the water in these data and these unqualified vehicles have been stopped. I think everyone knows better than we do. Excluding those cars that can't get on, we can determine whether their emissions meet the standards by visual inspection. In Xi 'an, on the one hand, we are faced with a highly automated vehicle inspection line, on the other hand, we have to face human feelings and market conditions.
Fourth, the ratio of urban roads to urban area, the ancient Xi 'an, the chessboard road and the slow traffic jams 3…4 times a year are of no help. The reduced speed increases the emission of idle pollution, which makes pedestrians and traffic police miserable.
These factors make automobile exhaust emissions seriously exceed the standard, and the air quality in our city is seriously affected. As a result, the air quality in our city changed from good to mild or even moderate pollution when it first entered heating on June 5438+065438+1October 55438+05.
The main factors affecting air quality are pollutant discharge and meteorological conditions. The latter is objective and independent of human will, while the former can be managed through human efforts. Among them, it is the best policy to change fuel to gas first.
In order to speed up the pace of changing oil to steam in our city. Reduce urban air pollution. Replacing gasoline and diesel with natural gas is not only the requirement of energy development, but also the best way to implement environmental protection. Compared with burning gasoline, gas is not only economical, but also can greatly reduce the pollution of tail gas to the environment.
Other measures to reduce automobile exhaust pollution include: improving the quality of gasoline and diesel oil and reducing its sulfur content; Focus on the development of EFI cars, install purifiers on cars, prohibit motorcycles from driving in cities, and moderately limit the development of private cars; Discard vehicles with substandard exhaust emissions in time; Increasing the proportion of green electric vehicles and bicycles as urban transportation will help to purify the environment and reduce pollution.
Cars are symbols of modern civilization and prosperous cities. Controlling tail gas pollution, protecting the environment and protecting human health is also a leap of human civilization. From 200 1, 1,1to the recent decision of the State Environmental Protection Administration to reduce the consumption tax of automobile exhaust emissions produced by Shanghai GM, Volkswagen and Guangzhou Shenlong Company by 30% and implement new monitoring standards. It is not difficult to see the country's good intentions to improve the environment. With China's entry into WTO and the reduction of tariffs on imported cars, I believe that with the joint efforts of the government and everyone, the air quality in Xi 'an will be further improved, and it will not be too far to see more blue sky and white clouds.