Yang Qinghua, the headmaster of Zhiyuan Junior High School in Nanjing No.29 Middle School, believes that the physics examination paper of the senior high school entrance examination has continued the style of "basing on the curriculum standard, attaching importance to experiments and having moderate difficulty" in recent years. The whole volume is illustrated with pictures and texts, with moderate reading and relatively stable overall, which is conducive to alleviating students' nervousness when answering questions. Most of the examination materials come from textbooks, which makes candidates feel intimate and helps candidates to play their best. Specifically, it has the following characteristics:
First, based on the foundation, in line with the cognitive law
Many materials in the test questions are adapted according to the content of the textbook, especially a large number of illustrations in the textbook are selected, which makes students feel deja vu, and it is very easy to use, which is conducive to stabilizing students' test mood. Such as sound phenomenon in question 3, light phenomenon in question 4, lever classification in question 7, specific heat capacity of matter in question 8, comparative calorific value in question 10, electrostatic phenomenon in question 13, state change of matter in question 14, convex lens imaging and its application in question 16, and problems. These topics focus on students' understanding and mastery of the basic knowledge and concepts of physics.
Second, attach importance to experiments and highlight the characteristics of disciplines.
There are many experimental contents in junior high school textbooks in the test paper, such as loudness and tone, the change of physical state, the reflection and refraction of light, etc. The test question "Returning to the textbook according to the curriculum standard" highlights the examination of the experimental process and correctly guides the usual classroom experimental teaching. For example, 25 questions, the experiment to explore the factors affecting kinetic energy requires candidates to understand the experimental principle and choose experimental equipment reasonably. The examination questions also highlight the examination of physical thinking methods and highlight the characteristics of the subject. For example, the second question requires students to understand the method of establishing a "model"; 10 question examines students' application of "control variable method" to compare the calorific value of different fuels.
Third, contact with reality, full of the flavor of the times.
The content of the test focuses on being close to real life, which embodies the characteristics that physics comes from life, is higher than life and returns to life. For example, 27 questions, based on the robot that recently appeared on the streets of Nanjing to repair sewer pipes, investigate the knowledge points such as electromagnetic wave, speed, gravity and pressure calculation. For example, in the topic 14, based on the process of eating popsicles in summer, starting from the phenomena of "shiny powder" on the wrapping paper and "white gas" around popsicles, a number of knowledge points about the change of material state were investigated. These questions make candidates feel that physics is around, and physics is not profound.
Fourth, examine the ability and highlight the application of knowledge.
The test questions focus on students' ability to apply physical knowledge to solve practical problems. For example, Question 24 integrates a series of knowledge points such as the relationship between pressure and flow, the transformation of mechanical energy into internal energy, the interaction of force, the relativity of movement and the relationship between force and movement with balloons, paying attention to the examination of candidates' practical operation ability and highlighting their awareness of knowledge application. At the same time, the test questions also focus on the examination of physical thinking and learning methods. For example, the third sub-question of 20 questions is a drawing question, but the core of its examination is to answer the question on the basis of understanding the picture; Question 26, question 5, examines students' understanding of various methods to measure power. Guide front-line teachers to pay attention to the cultivation of students' learning ability in peacetime teaching.
To sum up, in recent years, the physics test paper of senior high school entrance examination has maintained continuity and stability. Test questions not only examine students' basic knowledge, but also examine students' ability to analyze and solve practical problems by using physical knowledge and scientific thinking methods, which has a positive guiding role in junior high school physics teaching.