1. Overall export situation in China:
Norway is the third largest oil exporter in the world, second only to Saudi Arabia and Russia. In 2004, the crude oil export volume (Norwegian continental shelf) was 2.93 million barrels per day, accounting for 90% of the total output, and the export amount was 237.4 billion Norwegian kroner; In 2005, the export volume was 2.34 million barrels per day, accounting for 93% of the total output, and the export amount was 297 billion Norwegian kroner. The main export destinations are Britain, Netherlands, France and Germany (60%) and the United States and Canada (15%). Norway's rich oil resources have created great social wealth for Norway.
2. Sales situation of oil companies:
1) National Oil Company. Norway's largest oil producer is Statoil, which produces about 650,000 barrels of crude oil per day on the Norwegian continental shelf, and also produces oil on the British continental shelf, West Africa, the Middle East, the Caspian Sea and China, with a total output of nearly 2 million barrels per day. It is the largest crude oil producer in the North Sea and the third largest crude oil producer in the world. The crude oil is mainly low-sulfur light crude oil.
The national oil company has set up crude oil trading offices in Nostavange, Singapore, London, Copenhagen, Riga and Stamford to sell crude oil to major regions and markets in the world. Several of its trade offices are responsible for business in different regions. Among them, the Stavanger Trade Office is mainly responsible for the sales to the European market, the Stamford Trade Office of the United States is responsible for the sales to the North American market, the London Trade Office is mainly responsible for the sales of oil produced outside the Norwegian continental shelf, and the Singapore Trade Office is responsible for the sales to the Asian market. Several trading departments are closely linked. The total oil trade handled by these companies in the world every day reaches 2 million barrels (including the state-invested oil in stock), which is second only to the oil sales of Iran and Saudi Arabian national oil companies. The proportion of sales areas is 25% in North America, 65% in Europe, and 65,438+00% in Asia and others.
2) Hyde Ru. Another major oil company in Norway is Hyderabad, which produces about 465,438+00,000 barrels of crude oil per day on the Norwegian continental shelf, and also produces oil in Angola, Canada, Libya and Russia, with a total output of 480,000 barrels per day, ranking first in the world.
Hydro has a sales office in Norway, but it not only sells crude oil, but also sells natural gas and refined oil. Unlike the national oil company, its sales chain is all over the world. However, the company also carried out some indirect oil sales on a larger scale through its agents in Norway and abroad. Its global crude oil sales volume is 400,000 barrels per day, mainly targeting the European market.
In addition, more than 20 multinational corporations registered in Norway, such as Shell Norway, BP Norway, ESSO Norway and huesca Petroleum Exploration Norway, are also engaged in oil exploration, production and export sales in Norway.
Second, the current situation of Norway's oil exports to China
In 2005, Norway's crude oil exports to China reached 774 million NOK, with an export volume of 265,000 tons, accounting for 0.3% of Norway's total crude oil exports. In 2004, the export amount was165438+93 million NOK, and the export volume was 523,000 tons, accounting for 0.5% of the total crude oil export value. In June 2006, the export amount was 8519 million NOK, and the export volume was 268,000 tons, exceeding the annual level of the previous year.
Norwegian crude oil export companies and export volume are as follows: (data provided by NPD and Norwegian Petroleum and Energy Administration)
2006 1 month (incomplete statistics): barrels and tons.
PETORO Norwegian China 954 488 126 45
Norwegian Hydropower China 630 000 83 467
Statoil China 430 53 1 57 040
2005: tons per barrel
PETORO Norwegian China 937 604 124 325
Norwegian Hydropower China 630 000 83 537
Statoil China 42 1 520 55 893
2004: tons per barrel
Norwegian Hydropower Company China 2224 000 292 477
PETORO China1128 394148 395.
Statoil China 494 472 65 028
Svenska China, Norway 92 000 12 099
As can be seen from the table, the company that exports the most crude oil to China is PETRORO. The company is a 65,438+0,000% state-owned company, which does not carry out oil exploration and production activities, but is only responsible for putting national capital (SDFI) into the business of Norwegian continental shelf oil fields. In this way, the state obtains shares and dividends in oil fields, thus making the capital appreciate. The national oil company is responsible for selling state-owned stocks of oil.
Another big company that exports oil to China is Hydro. Because the crude oil produced by this company is relatively less than that of the national oil company, and the crude oil sales chain is not as rich as that of the national oil company, and because of the distance factor, this company has no direct crude oil trade with China at present, but only indirectly makes its crude oil enter the China market through its overseas crude oil agents. In addition, crude oil is indirectly exported to China by selling it to the national oil company. The crude oil trade with China in June 5438+ 10, 2006 shows that Hyderabad sold the crude oil to the national oil company FOB, and then the national oil company dominated the crude oil and sold it to Asia including China through its more mature sales chain.
Therefore, figures show that although PETRORO, HYDRO and STATOIL mainly export crude oil to China, their real sellers are all national oil companies, and the sales departments of national oil companies to Asia, including China, are all located in Singapore, so most of Norwegian crude oil exported to China is exported through this department.
Third, the future trend of Norway's oil exports to China.
The development characteristics of Norway and China in the oil field are as follows: the Norwegian government's future plan for oil production is to continue to maintain the current oil production, but its own oil consumption has not increased much, so Norway will remain a major oil exporter in the future. The characteristic of our country is that the demand for oil will remain strong in the future. In order to ensure oil safety, China implements the policy of diversification of import sources. From this point of view, the crude oil trade between the two countries has great room for development.
At present, China's measures to diversify its oil import sources are mainly to increase oil exploitation and import to Africa, which makes the crude oil from Africa account for 1/4 to 1/3 of China's imports: for example, China is the second largest oil importer after the United States in Angolan oil exports; China imports more than half of its oil from Sudan; Nigeria is also an important source of oil for China.
The common characteristics of the above African countries are that they are rich in oil resources, but their oil production technology is not strong, and they are active and open to the participation of foreign companies, so China has great room for development in these countries; However, although Norway is rich in oil resources, it has a high level of technology, high requirements for environmental protection and high mining costs. It is not feasible for China to explore oil in Norway, and the export of pure oil is greatly restricted. Therefore, these factors have caused the current situation that China imports a small amount of oil from Norway.
Nevertheless, as a big oil exporter, Norway and as a big oil consumer, China still have potential in oil trade between the two countries, and many problems at present will be gradually solved with the development in the future. As for the transportation cost, at present, the national transportation capacity of crude oil in China is relatively low, and more than 80% is carried by foreign transportation companies. However, with the increase of China's crude oil transportation capacity in the future, the crude oil transportation cost is expected to decrease accordingly. Moreover, Norwegian oil is of good quality and very popular, and the product is light oil that is easy to refine. At present, the supply of this kind of oil in the world market is very short, so with the increase of China's demand for this kind of high-quality crude oil, China's import demand for Norwegian crude oil will also increase accordingly.
Attached:
China Crude Oil Distribution Office of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Company:
Singapore Trade Office:
Jinchuan gaoxiansheng
Crude oil trading manager
Statoil Asia Pacific
Singapore
Tel: +65 6233 6533
Fax: +65 6736 3622