Diversification of investors is an important way to realize the effective combination of public ownership and market economy, which is conducive to enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises. The socialist market economy is a highly socialized economy. Whether an enterprise can occupy a place in socialized mass production depends first on whether it can adapt to the requirements of the market economy and whether it has strong market competitiveness, which mainly depends on the motivation and ability of enterprise capital to pursue profits. It is difficult for state-owned enterprises with a single capital structure established under the planned economy system to achieve self-restraint, exclude government intervention, and always aim at maximizing profits, so their market competitiveness is very weak, which has been proved by the practice of state-owned enterprise reform. According to the requirements of the modern enterprise system, except for a few enterprises that must be monopolized by the state, transforming a state-owned enterprise with a single investor into an enterprise with multiple investors is not only conducive to the formation of economic scale, but also conducive to solving the problem of separation of capital ownership and management rights, and forming an operating mechanism of self-management, self-financing, self-restraint and self-development. At the same time, the market awareness of enterprises has been greatly enhanced, the business philosophy has been constantly updated, the capital operation mode has been further optimized, and the market competitiveness has been generally enhanced.