Historically, there was an Lanfang * * Republic 1 10 year in South China Sea Island, which was a bourgeois * * Republic established abroad (established in 1776, 188) when the domestic development of China's emerging civil class (bourgeoisie) was blocked. )
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, affected by the civil war, many people in the southeast coastal areas of China were forced to make a living overseas or escape the war. Many of them came to Borneo (now Indonesian kalimantan island) in Nanyang to engage in agricultural or mining production. At that time, the natural and living conditions in Borneo were extremely harsh. However, with the positive development of Chinese, the local living environment has been continuously improved, attracting more and more China people to come here.
1772 In May, a China man named Luo Fangbo set foot on the land of Borneo, and his arrival completely changed the history of Borneo. Luo Fangbo was born in Qianlong for three years (1738), a native of Shishanbao, Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province. Luo Fangbo was ambitious since he was a child, and he practiced a good kung fu. He is an all-rounder in civil and military affairs. 1772, Luo Fangbo, then 34 years old, was completely frustrated in his career because of his repeated unsuccessful rural examinations, so he led a group of Hakka youths across the ocean and arrived in Kundian in western Borneo via Humen.
At first, Luo Fangbo made a living by teaching locally. Soon, he found that the Chinese in Borneo had no food and clothing, no place to live at night, and life was very difficult. Therefore, Luo Fangbo is determined to change people's lives. As the local area is rich in gold, Luo Fangbo set out to set up a "gold mining company" to develop gold mines. The exploitation of gold mines has improved the living standards of local people and promoted economic development. Since then, Luo Fangbo's name has spread not only in the Chinese community, but also among local aborigines.
After solving the problem of food and clothing, Luo Fangbo began to deal with the safety problem. At that time, the social order on the island was extremely chaotic: bandits were rampant, pirates were rampant, the people were miserable and complained, but the indigenous leaders were helpless. In this regard, Luo Fangbo first united with the Chinese and organized the "Association of Hometown", and then United with the Sultan of Borneo, and quickly put down the bandits and pirates in Lanla, Wanzhuju and Sifangping. In the battle, Luo Fangbo's excellent organizational ability and brave fighting spirit greatly admired his companions, and everyone unanimously elected him as the captain.
The military victory enhanced Luo Fangbo's political influence. After the suppression of bandits, Luo Fangbo's popularity was at its peak, which provided the necessary conditions for him to establish a republic in the future. At that time, there were more than 30,000 troops led by Luo Fangbo. After the rebellion was put down, more than 200,000 local people volunteered to join the army. The local sultan also offered to hand over the throne to Luo Fangbo, but he refused many times. Finally, under the repeated persuasion of Sudan, Luo Fangbo said that he could accept the political power, but he would never promise to be king. 1777, the "General Military System of Lanfang" was established with East Lv Wan as its capital, and this year was designated as the first year of Lanfang. Luo Fangbo was the first head of state, the "chief of the Tang Dynasty", and was honored as the king of Kundian by the local people.
Implement the system of combining abdication with election.
In fact, Doris and China were not the only countries in Southeast Asia founded by Chinese at that time. According to incomplete statistics, besides Lan Fang, there are more than ten other China countries. The history of Lanfang attracts people's interest because it is one of the earliest modern countries in the world.
On the national political system, Doris practiced the * * * system. The state has established complete administrative, legislative and judicial institutions. The country has a Ministry of Defence, but there is no standing army. But the whole people are soldiers, and the "workers, peasants and soldiers" are one. The troops are usually scattered around the country for production, and they are concentrated to defend against the enemy in wartime. The country is divided into prefectures and counties, and the heads of local administrative organs are elected by citizens at all levels. As for "major affairs of the country are decided through consultation", it is similar to the parliamentary system that was widely implemented later.
On the generation of national leaders, Lan Fang combined the abdication system in ancient China and created the form of combining abdication with democratic election. Before the last leader died or stepped down, the next leader was recommended, but whether he can be the commander-in-chief needs the approval of most citizens. Luo Fangbo became head of state in 18 and died in 1795. On his deathbed, he recommended Jiang, who had literary talent and military talent, as the next general manager. After the election, Jiang really became the successor leader and inherited Luo Fangbo's unfinished business. Later, Doris and the United States also produced many leaders.
Vigorously develop the local economy and strictly implement the rule of law.
The history of Lanfang has not been forgotten because it has made great contributions to the local development and construction. All previous presidents of Lan Fang attached great importance to the development of production. They led the people to improve farming techniques, expand mining, develop transportation and improve local productivity. Militarily, Lan Fang established the system of "all the people are soldiers" and often organized young and middle-aged people to carry out military training. At the same time, an arsenal was established to manufacture all kinds of guns. Lan Fang also vigorously developed education and hired a group of famous Confucian scholars in the Qing Dynasty to teach, which greatly improved the local knowledge level.
In terms of national governance, Lan Fang promotes the rule of law. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lan Fang made laws and regulations prohibiting tyranny, stipulating that anyone who commits adultery and plunders will be killed without forgiveness. Lan Fang * * and China strictly abide by these laws and regulations, greatly increasing their own strength and influence, attracting many local indigenous tribes to join them, and the territory of Lan Fang * * and China quickly expanded to the whole of Borneo.
Lan Fang's leaders also set an example. They not only strictly abide by various laws and regulations, but also pay close attention to people's lives. Shortly after the founding of Lanfang Republic, crocodile disaster broke out in China, and flocks of crocodiles moved in Lanfang domestic waters, seriously endangering people's lives and property. After receiving the news, Luo Fangbo, the commander in chief, immediately went to the disaster area to direct the people to successfully expel crocodiles.
* * and Guo's contribution is still praised by the local people. Today, there is Fangbo College to commemorate Luo Fangbo in the east of Lv Wandong, Luo Fangbo Memorial Hall and Cemetery in Kundian, and Meibei Middle School in Shishan Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City. Some scholars have written books praising the achievements of Doris and China. As early as the 1960s, Luo Xianglin, a famous historian, wrote the book "Luo Fangbo Examination in West Borneo".
Want to be included in the territory of the Qing Dynasty, was rejected by Emperor Qianlong.
Shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Luo Fangbo sent people back to China to see Emperor Qianlong, requesting to be a vassal state, and wanted to bring the land of West Borneo into the territory of the Qing Dynasty or become a vassal state. However, Emperor Qianlong simply didn't want to pay attention to these "China abandoned people" and refused to recognize this country established overseas by overseas Chinese in Nanyang. Therefore, Luo Fangbo died of depression. Before he died, he told the people that no matter who will be the national leader in the future, the heart of surrendering to the Qing Dynasty will never change.
At that time, Luo Fangbo and others wanted to submit to the Qing Dynasty because they wanted to find a strong backer. Southeast Asia was not calm at that time. Dutch colonists invaded Indonesia in 1596, and established the "East India Company" with government authority in 1602, and continued to invade and expand in the Indonesian archipelago. Dutch colonialists have been eyeing Doris and China, sending troops to harass them. The leaders of Luo Fangbo and other countries believe that it is difficult to resist the Dutch colonists only by the strength of the small country of Lanfang, and only by the strength of the Qing Dynasty can the Dutch be contained.
Lan Fang's action played a certain role. Although Luo Fangbo's desire to claim vassal status to the Qing Dynasty failed to come true, the Qing government finally agreed to trade with Lan Fang and China. Lan Fang also used this to create an illusion, claiming that Lan Fang was already a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty. This really fooled the Dutch. At that time, the Qing dynasty was in the heyday of anti-cadres. The Dutch were worried that the invasion of Lanfang would cause opposition from the Qing Dynasty and had to stop harassing Lanfang.
However, the Qing government soon declined. 1840 and 1856 two opium wars exposed the corruption and incompetence of the Qing empire. With the repeated defeats of the Qing Dynasty by western powers, the Dutch realized that the Qing Dynasty was weak and unable to manage foreign affairs. So the Dutch used the 1884 Sino-French War to invade Doris.
Doris * * * and the people of China, under the guidance of the viceroy, on the one hand, tried their best to resist, on the other hand, they quickly sent someone to ask the Qing Dynasty to send troops to support them. However, at this time, the rule of the Qing Dynasty itself was already faltering, and it was impossible to save this country that was established overseas by "abandoning people". Without the support of the Qing dynasty, the weapons and equipment were far from the invading army, and Doris was finally destroyed by the Dutch colonists. However, for fear of the reaction of the Qing government, the Netherlands did not dare to publicly declare that it had destroyed Lan Fang, but set up another puppet country to rule. It was not until 19 1 1 the demise of the Qing Dynasty that the Netherlands officially declared its occupation of Lanfang.