Ye, director of the Policy Research Bureau of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, said at the press conference of the State Council Office a few days ago that up to now, most provinces and cities have submitted plans for deepening reform, and all provinces and cities have organically combined the reform of provincial associations, the reform of small legal persons in rural credit cooperatives and risk management according to the problem orientation. The CBRC has carefully sorted out the plans submitted by various provinces and cities, and actively cooperated with relevant provinces and cities to revise and improve the plans.
"Around the establishment of a modern enterprise system,' one province, one policy' explores the reform model of rural credit cooperatives and improves the ability and level of provincial management institutions to perform their duties." A few days ago, the 20021System-wide Mid-year Work Symposium and the Discipline Inspection and Supervision (Video Telephone) Work Symposium held at the China Banking Regulatory Commission were clarified again.
"With regard to the development of local small and medium-sized legal entities, foreign countries have explored a set of successful experiences. As the most successful country in developing joint local banks, Germany's development model of local savings banks adheres to service orientation, which can provide reference for the reform of provincial associations in China. " A local regulator believes.
In order to further deepen the system reform of rural credit cooperatives, provincial rural credit cooperatives were established in 2003. However, with the deepening of reform, the contradiction between the functional orientation of the provincial association's emphasis on administrative management and the market-oriented development requirements of rural commercial banks has become increasingly acute.
Since the Fourth National Financial Work Conference in 20 12, the central government has asked the provincial association to "fade out the administrative function and strengthen the service function", and the former CBRC correspondingly adjusted the functions of the provincial association to "service, guidance, coordination and industry management". However, from the actual situation, the reform effect did not meet expectations.
In 2007, on the basis of comprehensive opinions from all sides, the former CBRC put forward "five models" for the reform of provincial association: United bank, unified legal person, financial holding company, financial service company and perfecting provincial association.
In 2008, Chongqing chose to unify the corporate model and set up Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank. Ningxia chose the financial holding company model, and Ningxia Yellow River Rural Commercial Bank invested in several rural commercial banks or rural credit cooperatives in Ningxia Autonomous Region.
In terms of financial holding company model, except Ningxia Yellow River Rural Commercial Bank, only Shaanxi Qinnong Commercial Bank has learned from it so far, which has become a resource integration platform for rural credit cooperatives in the province. "The advantage of the financial control company model is that it can maintain the overall stability of the number of legal persons in the county of rural commercial banks, and it is also conducive to expanding the business scope and developing towards comprehensive finance." The above-mentioned rural commercial bank said.
20 18, No.1 Document of the Central Committee in 2020 emphasized that the status and number of county-level rural financial institutions such as rural credit cooperatives should remain generally stable.
In May, 20 18, Wang Zhe, then the chairman of Henan Rural Credit Cooperatives, made it clear in an interview with the media that "we believe that the establishment of rural commercial joint banks is a suitable choice in line with the reality of Henan Rural Credit Cooperatives, and put forward a reform plan aimed at establishing Henan rural commercial joint banks. The leaders of Henan Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government attached great importance to the reform of rural credit cooperatives and held many meetings to study the work of rural credit cooperatives. The plan was finalized in September last year and reported to the China Banking Regulatory Commission. "
"The advantage of the joint banking model lies in the low cost of reform. Grass-roots banks have changed from joint members to joint bank shareholders, and no additional capital increase is needed. At the same time, it can better maintain the overall stability of the status and quantity of county legal persons. " A person who has been studying rural credit cooperatives for a long time said, however, if the administrative power of United Bank is not abolished in essence, it may still be difficult to avoid its administrative intervention in rural commercial banks in the province.
At the local level, the mid-year work forum of Heilongjiang Banking Insurance Bureau proposed that we should actively promote the deepening reform of rural credit cooperatives system, steadily promote the reform of provincial credit cooperatives, enhance the performance ability and management level of provincial credit cooperatives, adhere to the principle of "one society, one policy", and promote the market-oriented restructuring of rural credit cooperatives in an orderly manner; Henan Provincial Association proposed that efforts should be made to dispose of and resolve high-risk institutions, organically combine the disposal of high-risk institutions with centralized collection, special debt injection and deepening reform, seize key links and major contradictions, and promote them in a focused, planned and step-by-step manner.
On July 1 day, 2020, the State Council held a meeting and approved 18 provincial special bonds of 200 billion yuan to support small and medium-sized banks to resolve risks. Up to now, 10 provinces have used106.3 billion yuan. Among them, many provinces are used for risk mitigation of rural commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives, such as rural commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places, or they have supplemented their capital by means of indirect shareholding or subscription for share swap agreements.
According to statistics, up to now, 12 provinces and cities have completed the restructuring of rural credit cooperatives into rural commercial banks, including four municipalities directly under the central government and Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shandong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Qinghai.
It is worth noting that the mid-year meeting of the Political Bureau held a few days ago proposed that it is necessary to prevent and resolve risks in key areas and implement the financial and financial risk disposal mechanism of the local party and government leaders' responsibility system.
"It is necessary to improve the relevant reform supporting mechanisms to ensure the smooth development of the reform of the provincial association." The above-mentioned local regulators believe that if the regulatory responsibilities are clarified, the regulatory responsibilities of local governments and central regulatory authorities will be clarified, in which the central bank will implement macro-prudential supervision and the banking and insurance regulatory authorities will implement behavioral supervision, and further clarify that local governments will take the lead in risk disposal, thus forming a joint regulatory force among various departments.
"It is also necessary to establish a long-term risk resolution mechanism to maintain the overall stability of the rural commercial bank system, such as establishing a' trinity' risk resolution mechanism of local government, deposit insurance and rural commercial bank mutual insurance." A banking researcher said that among them, local governments help rural commercial banks clean up bad assets, crack down on malicious debt evasion and create a good credit environment; Provincial, municipal and county-level security funds are jointly raised by grassroots rural commercial banks. When the liquidity of rural commercial banks is insufficient, the funds will be withdrawn in turn according to the regional funds, municipal funds and provincial funds of the member banks. In order to protect a single rural commercial bank from bankruptcy, it has the right to reorganize a single institution under certain conditions.
In the book "Financial Puzzle-Comparative Study of German Financial System", the first author is an official of China Financial Office, and also suggests that China should conform to the development trend of global cooperative finance scale and institutionalization, and give play to the main role of cooperative financial institutions in cooperative finance. "German credit cooperatives rely on the central institutions of credit cooperatives based on the combination of equity and business, as well as regional and national credit cooperatives, effectively alleviating the problem of weak anti-risk ability of credit cooperatives."
"The provincial credit cooperatives in China have also played a central role similar to that of German credit cooperatives. The central institutions of German credit cooperatives have no right to interfere with the appointment, dismissal and use of human rights of senior managers of member credit cooperatives, nor will they directly send people to serve as senior managers of member credit cooperatives, which is instructive for strengthening the service functions of provincial credit cooperatives in China and weakening their administrative functions. " The book above says.
For more information, please download 2 1 financial APP.