The transmission price adopts a part of capacity electricity price, and the transmission service rate is pre-determined by PJM-OI according to the network coverage area of the transmission network owner, approved by the board of directors, and published in the transmission network open service rate table (OATT). Point-to-point transmission services are divided according to the network coverage of transmission network owners, and the capacity rate (USD /MW) is set according to the year, month, week and day (peak and valley period). Network transmission services are divided into regions according to the network coverage of transmission network owners, and the annual transmission capacity rate is given [USD/(MW year)]. All kinds of transmission services are published in the transmission network open service rate table (OATT) formulated by PJM. Users can apply for transmission service to PJM liaison office according to their own needs. PJM Liaison Office will review every application for transmission service according to system security, and all information related to transmission service must be sent to PJM Liaison Office User Information Department.
PJM uses node marginal price (LMP) to manage transmission congestion. The management measures are as follows: ① the generator set is solved by LMP on its power bus; (2) The load side shall be paid by LMP on its load bus; ③ The load demander has to pay the congestion cost, which is equal to the LMP difference between the load demander and the power generation supplier.
In order to avoid market price instability caused by congestion cost, PJM adopts FTR- fixed transmission right management method to suppress price fluctuation. FTR is actually a financial means, which allows network transmission users and users of fixed point-to-point transmission services to apply to PJM liaison office in advance, and get FTR after approval, which can protect transmission users from increasing their own expenses due to transmission congestion. FTR is essentially financial power, which does not mean substantial energy transmission, but only requires economic compensation when transmission congestion occurs. Usually, if the system is blocked, FTR owners will be compensated according to their reserved capacity and the marginal price of nodes on the reserved line.
When transmission congestion does not occur, FTR can guarantee the performance of transmission service. When the capacity determined by FTR exceeds the capacity actually needed by the holder, it may cause a waste of transmission capacity, while other users may need transmission services but cannot get them. In this case, PJM allows FTR auction. PJM organizes FTR trading activities once a month, and generally only users of network transmission services and fixed point-to-point transmission services are allowed to participate. Since 1997 began to operate in April, PJM has achieved great success. By the end of 2000, the number of market members had increased to 199 (82 in 1997), and the annual transaction volume (including bilateral transactions and real-time market transactions) was180 twh (96TW h in1997). The price of market nodes is basically unchanged, and the ratio of installed capacity to load growth remains unchanged. By the end of 2007, its members had exceeded 450.
PJM's market operation organization (PJM-OI) has no economic connection with market members, which ensures the fairness of system operation and the independence of market operation organization (PJM-OI) from market members, and maintains the independence of system operation.
The establishment of the board of directors system, the CEO responsibility system, the separation of management rights and ownership, the operation of the whole regional power grid under the supervision of the board of directors, and the establishment of various committees can timely discover and study various problems and form corresponding consulting reports for the reference of the board of directors, so as to make market supervision more in place and avoid major mistakes.
The American Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) summarized the experience and lessons of domestic and foreign power market operation, and promulgated Act 2000 in 2000, proposing to establish a regional transmission organization (RTO), aiming at establishing an independent and complete trans-state transmission operation network, so as to promote the rational flow of electric energy and the optimal allocation of resources, and at the same time effectively supervise the operation of the power market. PJM and nine PJM transmission network owners (Baltimore Gas&; Electric Power Company, Delmarva Electric Power Company, Jersey Central Electric Power Company, Metropolitan Edison Company, Ivan Peko Energy Company, Pennsylvania Electric Power Company, PPL Electric Power Utility Company, Polomark Electric Power Company, UGI Public Co., Ltd.) evaluated PJM's management mode according to the requirements of the 2000 law. It is considered that the current operation and management mode of PJM not only meets the requirements of Law 2000, but also exceeds the requirements of the Law in many aspects, and an evaluation report has been submitted to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which is expected to become the first batch of regional transmission organizations recognized by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. (This article is quoted from Volume 6,No. 1, 2002)
(40th C 13 of Computer World)