Implementation Plan for Reducing Costs and Increasing Efficiency 1 20xx Comprehensive Department will start to control costs from the following aspects. The specific implementation plan is as follows:
First, increase publicity to raise the awareness of employees in various departments and factories to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
1. Organize a special training every quarter to explain the importance, urgency and implementation of cost reduction and efficiency improvement, and enhance the sense of urgency, crisis and responsibility of all employees.
2. Cooperate with branch factories and departments to establish and improve the system of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, so that each employee can develop the good habit of daily saving, "starting from small things at ordinary times, saving electricity, a piece of paper, a drop of water, etc." , forming a good atmosphere of "everyone saves and opposes waste".
Second, safeguard measures
1, our principle of reducing costs and increasing efficiency: "Responsibility comes to people, quota management reduces effectiveness". Specific measures:
(1) Office supplies and low-value consumables are managed by the responsibility system. Measures:
A, according to the labor insurance supplies distribution standards, formulate office supplies distribution standards, determine the collection standards and service life, and distribute them regularly, such as 1 pen every year and 1 refill every month. As multiple positions are involved, the specific standards for the distribution of office supplies should be preliminarily finalized on March 1, and then submitted to the enterprise management department for review and implementation on March 2.
B, computers, air conditioners, printers, office desks and chairs, filing cabinets, lockers, paper and other items (the amount of paper used is determined according to the post difference), and a ledger is established for each person according to the low-value consumables ledger of the chemical group department. If you need to add items, you will judge whether it is equipment or distribution according to the actual situation.
C. Departments and factories with strict warehouse management requirements should establish an item registration ledger for items that need to be purchased and distributed, and the General Department should conduct regular inspections. Each department must appoint a special person to be responsible for it, so as to facilitate the allocation and use of goods and the establishment of accounts.
(2) According to the expense items generated in 20xx years, the specific expense budget is shown in the following table:
Specific measures:
A. The internal and external hospitality expenses shall be strictly implemented in accordance with the expense standards of Chemical Industry Group, and shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant hospitality standards without specialization as far as possible.
B, strengthen the vehicle management of automobiles. Strictly control the range of car users, make overall arrangements for all departments to use cars, and use cars in a standardized, planned and organized manner to avoid the cost increase caused by repeated car use and develop the habit of "carpooling".
Third, reward and punishment management.
In order to fully realize the principle of minimum cost and maximum benefit in all the work of the group, all employees must start from small things, starting from me, and clearly stipulate the reward and punishment standards:
1. The expenses incurred in using the articles in one's own name shall be paid to the individual according to the expenses incurred by the General Department in the monthly planned expenses of PVC and caustic soda manufacturing and auxiliary expenses in 20xx. The expenses incurred in the current month are within the quota, and some companies will be rewarded according to the ratio of 6: 4, that is, the company accounts for 60% and the individual accounts for 40%. If the expenses incurred are beyond the limit, they will be rewarded according to the ratio of 7: 4.
2. Computer use: If you don't use it for more than 30 minutes, turn off the computer monitor. Except in special circumstances, you should evaluate users every time they visit 30 yuan. If it is not used for more than 1 hour, the computer should be turned off. Except in special circumstances, you should evaluate users every time they visit 50 yuan.
3. Use of electric lights: If reception is not needed in the case of sufficient light, turn off all the lights and turn off the lights after work to prevent the phenomenon of "ever-burning lamps". Failing to turn off the lights in time, check the on-the-job personnel 20 yuan/person.
4. Telephone use: If you don't use the company landline for non-work reasons, make a long story short. If you find that you are making personal calls and talking about things unrelated to work, check the user's 50 yuan/time.
5. Paper use: All paper is not for official documents, but for both sides; The printed manuscript is carefully typeset, saving printing paper and ink, and the use of paper is implemented according to the first paragraph of Article 3.
6. Save water resources: take water as needed, save water, and implement it according to toilet management standards.
7. Other businesses: the principle of equal effect and cost saving shall be followed uniformly, and the assessment standards shall be implemented according to the daily management standards.
Four. Program description
1. This scheme is aimed at comprehensive departments during production, excluding the cost budget of project personnel.
2. This scheme is applicable to the comprehensive department, and the production department is no longer in the scheme.
3. The comprehensive management expenses of other departments are not included in this scheme.
In view of the severe production and operation situation, in order to ensure the smooth completion of the 20xx production safety guarantee task and the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, the leadership team of xx Factory held a meeting of workshop and department heads, looking inward and brainstorming, and formulated the following measures for reducing costs and increasing efficiency in 20xx:
First, increase publicity and education on the situation and tasks, and guide employees to firmly establish their sense of crisis, cost and responsibility.
In 20xx, xx Factory will carry out extensive and in-depth discussion activities on "What should we do when enterprises are in trouble", so that employees can correctly understand the current situation and Qi Xin will work together to reduce costs and increase efficiency; By learning from advanced figures such as Guo, Xing Guibin and Jiang Dongming, we will guide employees to stand on their posts and devote themselves to their work, and constantly improve the management level and scientific content of daily inspection and maintenance, so that the business philosophy of "tightening belts, living a tight life, saving money and increasing efficiency" will become the knowledge of every xx person.
Two, continue to promote safety standardization, and guide workers to firmly establish the concept of "safety is the greatest benefit".
In 20xx, xx Factory will constantly improve and implement the safety standardization work, especially promote the standardization of workers' operation, resolutely oppose the "three habits and four violations", realize safe production throughout the year, and put an end to all safety accidents. The more severe the situation is, the more it is necessary to educate employees to pay attention to safety production and guide them to firmly establish the concept that "safety is the greatest benefit, safety is the premise to ensure and consolidate labor achievements, and there is no benefit without safety".
Three, to further strengthen the "preventive maintenance" mode of work, the implementation of fine inspection and fine maintenance, to control hidden dangers and defects in the bud.
In 20xx, xx Factory will strengthen the work mode of "preventive maintenance", strengthen the skills training of employees, improve the operational potential of employees, and realize fine inspection and fine repair in daily work. At the same time, through the daily quality inspection and semi-annual comprehensive quality evaluation of bridges, hidden dangers and defects are controlled in the bud, and the consumption of materials and spare parts is minimized. The goal for next year is to reduce the cost of materials and spare parts by 2 million yuan on the basis of this year.
Four, in-depth development of various forms of "reducing costs and increasing efficiency" labor competition, so that watermelon and sesame are correct.
Educate workers to start with saving a drop of water, electricity, a rubber mat, a nail and a mat, resolutely do a good job in energy saving and consumption reduction, put an end to the phenomenon of leakage and save energy. Everyone is responsible. It is necessary to intensify the work of repairing the old and recycling the waste, and transfer the spare parts of reusable materials to the yard and the severely corroded areas for equipment transformation through channels such as equipment transformation and rail type upgrading. In 20xx, it is planned to create 5 million yuan by replacing rails and upgrading existing lines.
Five, fully mobilize the intention of workers to ensure safety and production, on the premise of completing normal maintenance and production, carefully organize self-study projects.
At present, there are less than 240 line maintenance workers in xx Factory, so it is difficult for a single maintenance area to be a department with slightly more difficult maintenance operations. To this end, in 20xx, our factory will vigorously implement joint operation in spot inspection areas by means of nearby dicing and strong combination. At the same time, fully mobilize the employees' intentions, and increase the share of self-study projects on the premise of completing normal maintenance and production guarantee tasks. The output value of self-study is nearly 2 million yuan this year, and it is planned to complete 4 million yuan next year.
Six, vigorously implement research, improve the operational potential of railway equipment, and strive to achieve essential cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
In order to solve the problem of heavy-haul railway crossings that have plagued our factory for a long time, this year our factory organized a key problem, completed the structural transformation of six key crossings, and considered the rising labor cost, which directly reduced the maintenance cost by 67. 20,000 yuan, and the investment in crossing reconstruction can be recovered within three years. In addition, the gradual implementation of frog line welding repair and the research and development of concrete turnout organized by our factory at the beginning of the year will also lay a solid foundation for long-term cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
Seven, fully coordinate and make good use of the company's spare parts inventory and our factory's production turnover materials, and strive to realize the benign flow of warehousing materials.
First of all, we should do a good job of revitalizing inventory in combination with the actual maintenance and production, strive to reduce the production turnover materials, and eliminate "dead inventory" as soon as possible; Secondly, we should fully rely on the company's inventory to achieve reasonable matching and consumption, so that the company's inventory materials and factory-managed production turnover materials can be mutually adjusted and supplemented to maximize logistics benefits; Third, continue to coordinate the work of replacing 60kg/m rail with scrap steel, fully tap the internal resources of xx, realize potential benefits and make up for the shortage of materials and spare parts.
Eight, strict implementation of comprehensive budget management, to achieve the best combination of safety and cost control.
After the annual budget of 20xx is approved by the company, it will be decomposed into workshops, departments and teams in time, forming a pattern of "everyone bears a thousand tons of burden, and everyone has indicators" to reduce costs and increase efficiency; The factory department will also issue the implementation cost plan together with the production task, report the implementation situation in time, analyze the existing problems in time, and instruct the relevant workshops and departments to rectify in time to ensure that the problems are solved in time and realize the best combination of safety and production control.
Nine, give full play to the leading role of party organizations, and vigorously carry out the activities of "reducing costs and increasing efficiency, striving for Excellence"
Party branches in each workshop are required to focus on reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and carry out research activities with heart; The Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Factory supervises and inspects the implementation of the cost budget of each workshop and department by organizing discipline inspection and supervision personnel, so as to do a good job in the efficiency supervision of reducing costs and increasing efficiency and plug management loopholes; All party member should find out the gaps and shortcomings of reducing costs and increasing efficiency through the activity of "reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and setting an example for the work of the majority of posts".
Implementation Plan for Reducing Cost and Increasing Efficiency Part III: Operation Status of Central Air Conditioning
1, the energy consumption of central air conditioning is amazing.
In the past 10 years, the growth rate of central air-conditioning industry in China reached 20%, which was about 10 times of the international level, making it the third largest air-conditioning equipment producer after the United States and Japan, with an annual output of nearly 654.38+million units.
30-40% electricity consumption of central air conditioning is invalid and wasteful. High energy consumption has become a bottleneck restricting the healthy development of central air conditioning, and it is urgent to solve the problem of high energy consumption of central air conditioning!
2. Scale is the biggest source of energy waste for central air conditioning.
The heat exchange surfaces of central air conditioners are all made of copper, and the thermal conductivity of copper is 397W/(mK), but the thermal conductivity of scale is only 0.464~0.697W/(mK), which is only 0. 12~0. 17% of copper.
According to many years' technical research by foreign authoritative air-conditioning technical departments and a large number of facts, central air-conditioning cleaning can save energy consumption and operating cost by more than 12%.
3. The present situation of chemical cleaning of central air conditioning is worrying.
(1) Central air-conditioning users have weak awareness of cleaning and energy saving.
For most users of central air conditioning, chemical cleaning is only a helpless move to meet the refrigeration demand of air conditioning, and few users look at chemical cleaning from the perspective of energy saving and consumption reduction.
(2) The chemical cleaning technology of central air conditioning is backward, and the number and quality of cleaning teams are generally low.
Traditional chemical cleaning is a highly specialized technology. Often a small negligence may cause serious safety accidents or huge economic losses. It is not uncommon for tens of millions of yuan of refrigeration equipment to be scrapped during chemical cleaning, which is one of the reasons why central air-conditioning users are discouraged.
(3) insufficient government management and guidance
At present, the government often only advocates improving the indoor temperature of central air conditioning, but does not know that effective management of chemical cleaning of central air conditioning is more significant for energy saving and consumption reduction.
Most central air-conditioning users lack understanding of chemical cleaning, and often equate the word chemistry with corrosion, toxicity and danger. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to strengthen correct guidance and publicity.
Second, the overall plan of energy saving and consumption reduction
From the discussion of the current situation of central air conditioning operation, our company thinks that there are two problems that need to be solved technically:
1, actively promote the new neutral cleaning technology of central air conditioning, so that users of central air conditioning can safely and boldly accept the chemical cleaning of central air conditioning.
2. Starting from the new central air conditioning, popularize the new concept of scale-free operation of central air conditioning. That is to say, by properly handling the design and installation process of the newly-built central air conditioner, the central air conditioner can always operate efficiently without scaling or almost without scaling, instead of waiting for the scaling of the central air conditioner to affect the operating efficiency before cleaning.
When the new central air conditioner has achieved positive results, the central air conditioner that has been put into use can also be similarly forced to transform.
The specific scheme is as follows:
1, actively promote the cleaning of refrigeration system before starting.
The neutral degreasing and descaling cleaning agent developed by our company is used to clean the refrigeration system of central air conditioning before starting, and after cleaning, the efficient three-proof cooling liquid independently developed by our company is added, so that the refrigeration system can run efficiently and safely for 3~5 years without cleaning.
2. Install automatic cleaning equipment
The cooling system of central air conditioning mostly adopts open heat dissipation, and the circulating water evaporates a lot, which is very easy to scale. However, only the condenser has heat exchange in this system. Therefore, a set of automatic cleaning equipment independently developed by our company can be installed on the condenser. During the refrigeration period of the air conditioner, the user of the central air conditioner closes the inlet and outlet valves of the condenser every one or two months and turns on the automatic cleaning button to thoroughly clean the scale. After cleaning, replace the plastic bucket with cleaning agent and supplement the neutral cleaning agent developed by our company to prepare for the next cleaning.
3. It is suggested that central air-conditioning users strengthen other energy-saving measures.
A, strengthen the daily maintenance of cooling water circulating water
Clean the fan coil regularly.
C, strengthen the cleaning of air duct
4. Clean and protected other meaning before driving:
First, reduce the loss and maintenance cost of central air conditioning
Extend the service life of central air conditioning.
C, cleaning before driving is a perfect complement to the central air conditioning installation quality inspection.
Fourth, the energy-saving transformation of central air conditioning has a long way to go.
According to statistics, from installation to elimination of a central air conditioner, the initial installation cost only accounts for 10% of the total cost, which means that the operation cost and maintenance cost account for nearly 90%. The energy-saving renovation cost of central air-conditioning only accounts for 10% of the installation cost and about 1% of the total cost, and this 1% plays an inestimable role in 90%.
However, for central air-conditioning users who are not aware of energy saving, chemical cleaning is more acceptable. It is not easy to accept the energy-saving transformation of "saving for a rainy day". Therefore, the popularization and application of this technology needs vigorous publicity, guidance and support from all walks of life, including government departments, in order to achieve it as soon as possible.
In order to conscientiously implement the spirit of reducing costs and increasing efficiency of the General Factory, comprehensively improve the management level of the enterprise, tap the potential of the enterprise, continuously enhance the comprehensive strength of the enterprise, and further promote the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the General Factory, we have formulated this method in combination with the actual situation of the branch factory.
I. Organizational structure
Set up a "cost reduction and efficiency improvement" leading group, with the factory director as the team leader, the deputy factory director and secretary as the deputy team leader, and the team leader and technicians as members. Under the leadership of the team leader and deputy team leader, the leading group of "reducing costs and increasing efficiency" is led by the management team and coordinated by other teams. According to the requirements of the business planning department of the general factory and the actual production and operation situation of each team, it is responsible for all the costs of the branch factory.
Second, the goal of reducing costs.
1, strengthen management and reduce various expenses, including material control, transshipment flow and personnel allocation;
2. Keep a close eye on the electricity consumption policy, actively strive for and reduce electricity expenses;
3. Actively revitalize inventory resources and make use of inventory plates and materials;
4, equipment transformation, reduce the consumption of wearing parts, repair the old and waste;
5. Reduce the maintenance cost, optimize the production process and save the production cost;
6. Strengthen technological innovation and improve production efficiency.
Third, the guiding ideology
According to the notice requirements of Detailed Rules for the Examination of Production Assault War Labor Competition issued by the General Factory, combined with the actual situation of the branch factory, the working idea of saving energy and reducing consumption, scientifically tapping potential, focusing on reducing production costs and improving production efficiency is established, so as to improve the operating income of the branch factory.
Fourth, the index system.
With the development requirements of "three improvements, two reductions and one stability" (that is, improving labor efficiency, improving equipment efficiency, improving resource utilization efficiency, reducing material and energy consumption, and stabilizing product quality), around the prominent contradictions and weak links that affect the development of production and operation, we firmly grasp the key factors that affect costs, and focus on completing production tasks, and specifically establish three index systems of "reducing costs and increasing efficiency", that is, technical economy.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) working measures
1, promote target management and gradually improve the target index management system.
Strengthen information collection, form a regular review system, and find out the gaps and deficiencies; Improve the operating mechanism, assessment and incentive mechanism of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and comprehensively and scientifically optimize the indicators that affect the operating income of the branch in the whole process.
2. Intensify publicity to create an atmosphere of saving energy, tapping potential, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
At present, some employees in the branch do not have a deep understanding of the significance of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and their thoughts need to be further emancipated. During the labor competition, the branch will increase the propaganda of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and make use of the pre-shift meeting and the staff meeting. Use publicity columns and other means to publicize the significance and typical cases of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, create a strong activity atmosphere, and guide and mobilize all employees to actively participate in this activity.
3. Sort out the current situation and determine the cost reduction control points.
Comprehensively sort out the current situation of process cost, find possible cost reduction points, and make efforts in gas and electricity consumption, raw material utilization rate, equipment maintenance cost, auxiliary material consumption and so on. And decompose the cost reduction index into the smallest unit. In the process of decomposition and implementation, each team will further increase cost control points to ensure that the covered processes are controlled, targeted and evaluated.
4, increase investment in science and technology, technological innovation, process innovation to improve production efficiency, save production costs.
By organizing technicians to tackle key problems and collecting reasonable suggestions from all employees, we will actively solve various problems that may be encountered in the production of new products and ensure that all key tasks are promoted and implemented in an orderly manner.
Evaluation method of intransitive verbs
The effect of cost reduction and efficiency improvement activities during this labor competition will be evaluated by the team every week and summarized every month. According to the cumulative assessment results, the branch will report the teams and individuals who have made meritorious service and outstanding achievements to the General Factory for assessment.
In order to thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, this plan is formulated according to the key points of energy saving and emission reduction of Henan education system in 20XX and the work of creating a "conservation-oriented campus" in our town.
I. Guiding ideology
Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we will fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, and persist in taking development and conservation, water saving, land saving, grain saving and material saving as the main contents, and publicity and education as the means. Organization and management, skills transformation and other means, take various effective measures, vigorously carry out energy conservation and emission reduction actions in the town, and promote the construction of a "conservation-oriented campus".
Second, the work objectives
On the basis of maintaining the moderate development of education scale and ensuring the continuous improvement of education quality, the school launched the school action of energy conservation and emission reduction, earnestly carried out educational practice activities of energy conservation and emission reduction, and cultivated the environmental awareness of all teachers and students.
Third, the job requirements
1, strengthen organizational leadership and clarify work responsibilities.
In order to ensure the implementation of "campus action of energy conservation and emission reduction" and achieve practical results, the leading group of "campus action of energy conservation and emission reduction" was established. Mainly responsible for organizing, inspecting and implementing energy conservation and emission reduction in schools. All members have clear job responsibilities and implement them at different levels. With the theme of "green harmony", they actively carry out the school action of energy conservation and emission reduction through publicity, measures, promotion, inspection and improvement, and consolidation of development.
2, to carry out publicity and education, to enhance the saving consciousness of all employees.
(1) Within one month of each semester, a keynote speech on "Campus Action for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction" will be arranged under the national flag.
(2) Arrange a class meeting with the theme of "School Action for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction" every semester.
(3) Every semester, the National Energy Conservation Publicity Week, the National Urban Water Conservation Publicity Week, World Environment Day, Earth Day, Water Day, Land Day and other occasions are used to issue a communiqué with the theme of "Campus Action on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction".
(4) Every teacher should educate students on energy saving and emission reduction in time in the teaching process, so that the concept of energy saving and emission reduction is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
(5) Issue energy conservation and environmental protection initiatives to all teachers and students.
At the beginning of each semester, the Youth League Committee and students will initiate an initiative to all teachers and students: energy conservation and emission reduction, starting from me. It is suggested that all teachers and students should choose a scientific, reasonable and energy-saving green lifestyle without lowering their existing living standards. Starting from six aspects of daily life, such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, we should change unreasonable consumption patterns, advocate frugal, scientific and civilized lifestyles, and form a social atmosphere of saving resources, reducing pollution and protecting the environment.
(6) Create a campus culture of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Use radio, blackboard newspapers, tabloids, slogans and other means to carry out energy-saving and environmental protection publicity activities among teachers and students to create a good atmosphere. Enrich and enrich the educational content of energy conservation and environmental protection in school education and teaching, integrate the educational content of energy conservation, water conservation, electricity conservation, grain conservation and material conservation into school classroom teaching in the form of comprehensive practice, and truly implement energy conservation and environmental protection in schools and classrooms. The school organizes a knowledge contest on energy conservation and environmental protection, so that students can establish awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction.
(7) Take comprehensive measures for energy conservation and emission reduction. According to the actual situation of the school, carry out the activity of "saving every drop of water, electricity, grain and paper" to save resources and protect the environment. Encourage students to form a good habit, stop when people leave, turn off the lights when people leave, and put words and paper into baskets and barrels for recycling.
3, building energy saving, equipment energy saving and energy-saving products to promote the use of.
Every infrastructure project carried out by the school puts forward clear environmental protection requirements according to building standards, construction technology, building materials and equipment, so that every infrastructure project of the school meets the national energy conservation and environmental protection requirements; The newly purchased equipment, spare parts and consumables in our school meet the requirements of national environmental protection and energy saving, and the purchase application form with energy saving approval will be used from June 1 day of 20XX. Eliminate and transform some seriously damaged, aging and overdue equipment in a planned way, and strive to reduce energy consumption; Promote the use of energy-saving equipment such as solar energy, geothermal energy and heat pump in places where energy consumption is concentrated, such as student dormitories and canteens. Try to use energy-saving lamps for street lighting, and spotlights are only used on major festivals.
5, office energy saving and classroom, corridor energy saving
The use of electric heaters and electric stoves in each office must be reported to the school and approved by the school before use. Turn off the computer after work and turn off the computer or monitor in class. Evaluate the effect of office energy saving and emission reduction once every six months. Offices of all grades are ranked according to per capita electricity consumption. The top five offices write instructions and rectification measures, and the last five give appropriate rewards. Other offices are also ranked according to per capita electricity consumption. The top three write instructions and rectification measures, and the last five offices are given appropriate rewards by the school; The classroom is an important place for energy saving, and the class teacher should take measures to reduce the electricity consumption of the classroom. Make sure the lights go out when people walk, and there are fewer people and fewer lights. Turn off the lights during the day on sunny days, especially in classrooms with no offices next to the corridor, and turn off the lights when no one is walking in the corridor. Students are not allowed to use public power to charge and use electricity for all kinds of electrical appliances charged privately in the classroom. Every six months, the effect of classroom energy saving and emission reduction will be evaluated and ranked according to the total electricity consumption of classrooms. The head teachers of the first few classrooms will write instructions and rectification measures, and the last few classrooms will be given appropriate rewards by the school and awarded the honorary title of "Advanced Class Collective for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction".
6. Energy conservation in dormitories, canteens, computer rooms, libraries, music classrooms and art classrooms.
It is strictly forbidden for students to use electricity privately in the dormitory. Once found, the security office will confiscate the electrical appliances and ask students to write instructions and review them. If they commit crimes many times, the school will cancel their residence qualification. Water and electricity saving in student dormitories should be included in the assessment of class teachers and internal managers. It is necessary to regularly educate the staff on energy saving, and at the same time, gradually improve the equipment with high energy consumption or aging equipment. Schools should provide financial support for equipment renewal, and canteens should introduce special energy-saving and emission-reduction measures; The student computer room, library, music classroom and art classroom should be closed in time.
7. Establish special archives for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Relevant energy-saving and emission-reduction documents, school-related energy-saving and emission-reduction measures, supervision, inspection and appraisal, etc. Collected by the school, special management.