Datong Coal Mine Group Corporation (formerly Datong Mining Bureau) is a state-owned enterprise in China coal industry.
Large enterprises have an annual output of more than 30 million tons of raw coal, ranking first in the country. Now the total assets of the enterprise reach 220.
100 million yuan, 15000 employees, one of the national key enterprises in 5 12, and one of the national 120 large enterprise groups.
One of the pilot units.
Datong Coal Mine Group Company, formerly known as Datong Mining Bureau, was established on August 30th, 1949 at/kloc-0, with a large management.
Nearly ten mines have been produced. At the beginning, the annual output of coal was only 82,000 tons, and the mines were mainly distributed in Kouquangou. new
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Datong Mining Bureau has made great progress. 1973, designed and built by China.
Yungang mine, a large modern mine, was put into production, and then Yanzishan mine and Sitai mine were built one after another, and
Majiliang Mine and Jinhuagong Mine have undergone technical transformation. 1979 produces 24.04 million tons of coal, realizing
Double the design capacity; 1985 coal output exceeded 30 million tons for the first time in China, 1993 production.
38.02 million tons of coal, the highest annual output of domestic coal enterprises. In recent years, in order to adapt to the coal market
Market demand, the production capacity is stable at around 35 million tons.
In July 2000, Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd. was established by the former Datong Mining Bureau.
With a registered capital of 3,533.08 million yuan, it is a wholly state-owned company.
At the end of 200 1 year, the assets reached14.7 billion yuan, and the group company owned five holding companies, including Datong Coal Industry Co., Ltd.
Subsidiaries, including 1 wholly-owned engineering construction subsidiaries, as well as mechanical maintenance, chemicals, cement, gas, etc.
Secondary unit. The annual sales revenue is 7 billion yuan. In more than 50 years of production and operation, Datong Mining Bureau took
Good economic and social benefits have been achieved. 1949 to 200 1 year, and the coal output is101.300 million tons.
The profits and taxes paid were 654.38+02.565 billion yuan, 2.62 times of the national accumulated investment.
On June 5438+February 2, 20031,Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd. was reorganized as the main body.
Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd., a super-large coal enterprise with total assets of 22 billion and employees of 65.438+0.5 million, is working hard.
The formula holds. The asset reorganization was carried out under the auspices and promotion of the government, mainly based on the original Datong coal mine.
Mining Group Co., Ltd., as the main body, merged some smaller state-owned enterprises near Ningwu coalfield in Shuozhou City.
There are diversified investors in coal mines, but they are all state-owned capital. Xintong Coal has 30 pairs of production mines, among which
There are mainly *** 15 large-scale coal mines with an annual output of more than 2 million tons in Quangou and Yunganggou, and
A new modern large-scale coal mine with an annual output of10 million tons is under construction. The development goal of Xintong Coal is
In 2006, the production and sales of coal reached more than 654.38 billion tons, and the annual sales income reached 20 billion yuan. To 20 10,
The production and sales volume reached10.50 billion tons, the installed capacity of the first phase of the power plant reached 5 million kilowatts, and the total sales revenue reached.
40 billion yuan, the per capita annual income of employees reached more than 25 thousand yuan. The ultimate goal is to make Xintong Coal our country.
The largest coal-fired power enterprise has entered the ranks of the "Top Ten" coal enterprises in the world. (Datong Daily News: Be bigger and stronger
Pillar industries, accelerate the pace of reform and development.
2. Harvest and thinking
1. Business status
The operating conditions of Tongmei Group are briefly described as follows.
In the years after 1998, Datong Coal Mine was adversely affected by the downturn of the national coal market.
The bureau encountered great difficulties in its operation. There are many reasons. The domestic coal market is saturated.
Supply exceeded demand, and coal export was also due to the financial crisis in Southeast Asia at that time, and international competition became more and more fierce.
The width is reduced. The country is in the need of energy adjustment and economic macro-control, and its investment in the coal industry has also dropped sharply.
In the past two years, with the recovery of the world economic situation and the growth of domestic market demand (energy shortage last year,
Beijing used to cut off electricity; At the beginning of this year, the central government has raised the problem of overheating), and coal enterprises are also temporary.
When I passed the most difficult period, my business situation improved. According to Rong, the current Tongmei Group
Production starts with maximum production capacity.
The reasons for the difficulties in the operation of coal enterprises can be seen from the perspective of national macroeconomic policies.
Mainly talked about one reason, that is, the uneven distribution of industrial profits. As one of the heaviest coals in China.
The essential basic energy can be said to be in the most upstream of the whole industrial chain. In order to protect downstream industries, the state
Profits, control and intervention in coal prices have artificially depressed the price of raw coal. Low price of coal
Due to the highly dispersed and disorderly competition in the coal industry market, fans are even worse. China's coal industry is
In a decentralized industry, no enterprise has a significant market share, that is, no enterprise can
It has a substantial impact on the development of the whole industry. In the United States, industries with market concentration below 40% usually
It is a decentralized industry, but the market concentration of China coal industry is less than 10%. According to statistics, 1998
At the end of the year, there were more than 50,000 coal enterprises in China, with an average coal production of only 25,000 tons.
About11/state-owned key coal enterprises, the average coal sales volume is only 4.22 million tons, which is flat.
The average market share is less than 0.4%. Compared with the highly dispersed market of coal industry, coal is the most direct and dominant.
In China, the important downstream power industry is highly concentrated and even almost monopolized by the state.
In this way, the highly dispersed coal industry has no competitive advantage over the highly concentrated power industry.
The phenomenon of mutual price suppression and disorderly competition among coal enterprises is very serious. Tongmei Group has long wanted to build its own power plant.
Yes, but it has not been approved yet.
Datong's coal enterprises, in addition to the state-owned super-large enterprise Datong Coal Group (Datong Mining Bureau), are still large.
Small coal mines owned by local governments. At present, the production capacity and output of Tongmei Group and all other local coal mines
The number is basically the same, each accounting for half of Datong's coal industry. At present, the ownership of these local small coal mines
Naturally, we haven't had time to know in detail how many enterprises are completely private now, but we don't know.
There is no doubt that the small coal mines in these places are generally stricter than the large state-owned Tongmei Group.
Serious security risks and frequent accidents have also intensified the disorderly competition in the coal industry, causing damage to state-owned enterprises.
Have a great influence. Talking about the problem of local small coal mines is mainly due to a historical reason. Reform and development
In recent years, especially in the 1980s, China suffered from a long-term energy shortage, so the government encouraged the development of local small coal mines.
The entry threshold is very low, as long as you are willing to invest, you can mine. Now they have developed so much.
For many years, although there are such and such problems, it is impossible to turn it off at once.
Datong's coal resources have been exhausted after decades of large-scale mining since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Problems have also begun to appear. On April 17, 2004, an article named "Chen Zhong" was published on Shanxi Channel of Xinhuanet.
Hua, Yuan, the article "Success is also defeated by coal": "Great harmony of coal to guard against difficult times", the content is as follows
This paper puts forward the problem of coal resources exhaustion faced by Datong at present: "First, high-quality coal resources are on the verge of exhaustion,
Coal production continues to be tense. With the construction of energy base, the long-term high-intensity mining of coal makes Datong coal
Carbon resources are about to enter a period of exhaustion. Datong coalfield has a total area of 1827 square kilometers and a total reserve of 37.6 billion tons.
Among them, the total geological reserves of the upper Jurassic coalfield have been proved to be 6.8 billion tons, which can be estimated at the end of 200 1 year.
The reserves are less than1.500 million tons. If the destruction of resources is added, only 10- 15 years can be mined at the current mining speed.
And other factors, it can only be mined for 6-8 years, while the initial exploration reserves of coal resources in Lower Carboniferous and Permian are 308.
1 100 million tons, but there is no detailed geological survey, plus deep burial, complex geological conditions and mining technology.
High demand, huge cost and other factors, without national policies and funds, it is difficult for local governments to carry out large-scale development.
Pick it. "
From this point of view, the exhaustion of coal resources in Shanxi is not a very distant thing. coal resources
The source will be exhausted in the near future, so the adjustment of industrial structure should be carried out as early as possible and take precautions. about
For local governments, this involves the question of whether economic growth is sustainable; For enterprises, it is short-lived.
The period involves the ability of enterprises to resist market risks and the fundamental problems of long-term life and death of enterprises.
The plight of Datong Mining Bureau in the past few years shows that the benefits of a single coal mining industry are affected by market fluctuations.
There is a lot of noise and the ability to resist risks is very weak. So, what are our government officials and business leaders?
How do you think about these problems? Because we failed to communicate with the top management of Tongmei Group on this trip, it is not clear.
Chu, how did they think about it? When asked about this problem, he also admitted that the Mining Bureau was faced with coal resources.
The problem of source exhaustion, and said that several large mines directly under the group have declared bankruptcy (this problem is behind)
As will be further mentioned below, the real reason for the bankruptcy of several large mines is probably far from the cause of resource exhaustion.
Explanatory). When it comes to industrial restructuring, his speech seems to reveal helplessness, saying that according to them,
In the boss's words, it is "mainly coal, diversified economy" and "diversified economy, mainly coal"; leader
The so-called "diversified economy" is actually "mainly coal". "Judging from the information disclosed by the media, this
The solution of this problem seems to be not optimistic. The main leaders of Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and provincial government participated in the new coal reorganization.
At the unveiling ceremony, it was pointed out that the more specific long-term goal of the enterprise is still to pursue output, except development.
Apart from the development of electricity, other "extending the coal industry chain and improving deep-processed products" seem to be some big moves.
The policy has not yet been put into concrete action. As mentioned in the article of Xinhua Shanxi Channel,
It also seems to explain the predicament of Datong now.
2. The status quo of state-owned enterprise reform
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, the state-owned enterprises have implemented "separation of government from enterprise" and "enterprise".
There are various reform measures such as "separating government from enterprise", "reducing staff and increasing efficiency", "restructuring" and "asset reorganization". Tomomi
As a large state-owned enterprise, Datong Mining Bureau has its own management system.
What changes? According to what we have learned, compared with state-owned enterprises in other parts of the country, the same coal is levied.
The reform progress of Tuan (Datong Mining Bureau) is still very slow, and there is nothing substantial in many aspects.
Change.
For example, the problem of "enterprises running society". The total number of employees in Tongmei Group is 6.5438+0.5 million, plus the families of workers.
Genus, * * * has about 600,000. The 15 mine directly under Datong Coal Group is located in Kouquangou and Yunganggou.
Each mine generally has its own staff residential areas, schools, hospitals, banks and other institutions, which are similar.
In a town. Mr. Rong, the secretariat of the board of directors who received us, said that the burden of Tongmei Group is very heavy.
However, the reform is slow, mainly because the government does not allow the separation of enterprises and institutions, and local finance has no money.
We must ensure the basic livelihood of workers and maintain social stability. On this issue, we extract the following.
Join the conversation:
"Mine manager: the overall reform is not strong, and it is a big deal. Because the first mine belongs to the same coal group.
A subordinate unit has only the right to operate without the right to operate and does not have the qualification of a legal person. "Action should be based on the above.
Wave ",the way of reform is limited by the group company, and there is not much room for autonomy. Registered personnel of our mine 6 100.
Many people, from June, 5438 to October, 2003 10, separated more than 400 people, and now about 3400 people have retired. these
Enterprises are responsible for it and rely on it for support. Total *** 1520 idle people rely on coal to solve the problem of eating!
Now you can work as much as possible and arrange as much as possible. (I was laid off because I changed. If you get fired,
It will cause trouble. )
"For the whole group company, the reform is just a name change, and there is no substantive reform; as soon as...
As far as this mine is concerned, in the process of marketization, many of them have changed from the original egalitarian pot rice to market-oriented operation.
This will inevitably lead to the opposition of some employees, whose understanding is still relatively traditional and has not changed. meanwhile
The living standard of workers is low, and the reform wants to change, but it is very difficult and cannot be changed!
"The whole group company is similar (referring to each coal mine under the group company). But starting from 0 1,
In order to increase the output of coal, incentive measures were introduced, and each extra meal of coal cost more 30 yuan than planned.
In this way, the gap between the old mine and the new mine is caused, and the new mine has a large surplus of energy and a small burden on personnel! my
The life of workers in the world is still relatively bitter! "
"A deputy director in charge of logistics in Tongmei Group: Enterprises like Tongmei have social burdens.
What is heavy is the family members of nearly 600,000 employees of Tongmei Group, whose lives are all borne by enterprises, which led to the reform.
It's stressful. This situation is not reformed, and enterprises cannot afford it. The benefits of the coal industry and
Compared with other industries, the profit is relatively low. This pot of rice has a history of almost 50 years.
Righteousness thought is difficult to reverse in a short time, therefore, Datong
Coal mine reform is relatively slow.
There are 500,000 to 600,000 people in Datong Coal Mine, accounting for half of Datong's mountains and rivers. The whole enterprise is a small society. this
As a whole, the people will pay a price for any change. They earn less, so there is no doubt about the reform.
It's worse for them Without the mass base, the masses can't stand the reform.
It will inevitably cause social dissatisfaction. Reform has gone through several stages, housing reform has been carried out, water,
The gas reform should be gradual, otherwise the society will be unstable. Only by increasing the income of employees can we
Make other reforms. "
Another example is "reducing staff and increasing efficiency" and "being laid off". According to Rong, the laid-off phenomenon of Tongmei Group does not
Seriously, there are more than 6,000 laid-off workers in the world, which is still the same as the total number of employees of 6,543,800+0.5 million.
Lower it. Of course, this is a preliminary step for the downturn of the coal industry in the past two years and the external living environment of enterprises.
The improved situation. It was more serious in previous years. Regarding the number of laid-off workers, official data will
There is a certain deviation from the actual situation, because it involves a question of how to define the identity of "laid-off workers"
Title. According to our interviews with ordinary workers, the hidden unemployment problem here is also very serious.
Several old workers said that the biggest problem now is that "young people have no real jobs". Of course here.
There is also a problem of concept. According to our guess, the old workers said "real work", even if it doesn't look like it.
Before the reform and opening up, the "iron rice bowl" work of state-owned enterprises should at least be long-term workers, contract workers and temporary workers.
Work is probably not because temporary workers are in danger of being dismissed at any time, but only temporary work, not counting.
It can be regarded as a "real job". There may be a historical problem here. The word "laid-off" may mainly be
For workers in state-owned enterprises in the past. They used to have relatively fixed and long-term jobs in state-owned enterprises.
Bit, now there is no, so it is "laid off". However, the reform in China has been going on until today, and the past is "iron"
The rice bowl has long been abandoned, and the workers in state-owned enterprises are mainly contract workers or even temporary workers. In other words, at present,
For a new generation of young people of working age, most of them will not encounter any "laid-off" problems.
Because I haven't been on the job, there is no point in being laid off. Therefore, the key to the problem is the workers of state-owned enterprises.
Identity replacement. Formal workers become contract workers, contract workers become temporary workers, and so on Because we
This trip failed to interview the top management of Tongmei Group, and made a macro analysis of the proportion of contract workers and temporary workers in various mines.
I don't know the data, but I also interviewed several temporary workers during the interview, especially in name at present.
No.2 Mine which has been declared bankrupt. Generally speaking, the current laid-off phenomenon of Tongmei Group is not serious. After all,
Now the coal market is not bad, and enterprises are producing at full capacity (according to Rong Kechang).
Regarding the recent asset reorganization with Coal Group, I think this is a comparison of the government.
A wiser decision. Asset reorganization mainly
If the former Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd. is the main body and the Ningwu coalfield in Shuozhou City is merged nearby,
Some smaller state-owned coal mines have diversified investors, but they are all state-owned capital. Rong said that due to
Local small coal mines are generally backward in equipment and low in mechanization. After the integration, some of them were eliminated by Tongmei Group.
Our equipment can be transferred to these small coal mines to help them expand their production capacity; Market disorderly competition
This phenomenon may also be alleviated. However, due to the recent restructuring, the long-term effect remains to be seen.
Regarding the income status of enterprise employees, the data provided by Rong is "the average annual salary of employees"
12000 ~ 13000 yuan, there are more front-line workers. "But in fact, according to our interviews with ordinary workers,
The income is not that high. Over the past few days, we have interviewed more than 20 master workers, including retired cadres.
Old workers, as well as on-the-job workers, are still relatively comprehensive. As far as we know,
Underground workers, that is, the hardest and most dangerous frontline workers, can get a salary of more than 1000; more
Most of them are second-line workers, including ground workers, earning about 800 yuan. The income of on-the-job employees mainly
It is divided into two parts, one is basic salary, and the other is excessive exploitation of income. The management here is very chaotic,
There are many loopholes, which will be involved when we talk about corruption later. The pension for cadres can reach about 1000.
Ordinary workers' pensions range from 400 to 800. A few years ago, when the coal market was depressed, there were wage arrears.
In the past two years, the phenomenon is relatively good, and pensions and workers' wages can basically be paid on time. Because the country
The annual salary system for leaders of state-owned enterprises has been implemented at home, and the income of leading cadres is still considerable. According to us, from ordinary workers.
Some veteran cadres have learned that the annual salary of the top director is 600,000, even the most.
Grass-roots team leaders, such as the team leader of a fully mechanized mining team, have an annual salary of 65,000 yuan (excluding corruption).
Black income and other gray income). There are other bonuses and subsidies, such as the safety production award.
As long as the death rate of coal mine accidents does not exceed the standard, it can be concluded. It can be seen that the income gap between leaders and workers is hanging.
Extraordinary. A retired veteran cadre heard us say, "The average annual salary of employees is 12000 ~ 13000 yuan (one subject)."
Long data) ",just smiled and said," Do you know how to calculate? Put the director's 600 thousand
And the average 800 yuan of ordinary workers is this number. "It makes sense for us to think about it. Maybe this
That's how this number came out.
We don't know much about the housing problem of employees, and we have only been to No.9 Mine and No.2 Mine.
Let's briefly talk about the employee residential area we saw. There are several unit buildings in No.9 Mine, which is said to be from the 1990s.
It was built at first, but now it looks a bit shabby. There are also some workers living in the mountains.
Very low and shabby little houses, just like slums. There are 9 mines with good benefits, which have been announced.
There are more bankrupted No.2 mines. After entering from the gate of the second mine, walk along the road not far away, and you can walk on the left side of the road.
A hillside was seen in the gap between the two buildings, and a slum-like low was built on the hillside.
Small houses are like abandoned caves and dilapidated castles in the desert. We asked a passing aunt,
I understand that some people still live there. It is said that in the past, central leaders visited the mining area and saw this all the way.
Some low-rise houses ask what they are, and the following answer is to raise chickens. This legend has its own.
Some of his similar versions, the authenticity of which cannot be verified, are enough to describe these small houses vividly.
Simple and broken.
On the issue of medical insurance, most of the workers interviewed said that they have it in name, but in fact it is basically not.
Use. Minor illnesses are not reimbursed, and all of them are paid by 300 yuan; Only a small part, 10% of people will be compensated for serious diseases.
A few of them are just regular workers, while temporary workers have nothing.
Expenditure on children's education is also a major pressure on workers' lives. Ordinary primary school students every year
The cost of going to school is several hundred dollars, and junior high school students need several thousand dollars. There are more in high school. But basically,
There is no phenomenon that children cannot go to school because of lack of money.
4. Working conditions of workers
Because it is a coal mine, our main concern is the accident rate, safety guarantee and accident aftermath of the enterprise.
Handle.
According to what we have learned from ordinary workers, Tongmei Group is, after all, a state-owned oversize briquette.
The mine is good in safety production. Coal mining itself has certain dangers and cannot be eliminated.
Yes, it is safe. Accidents happen every year, sometimes one or two people die a year, sometimes two or three, sometimes three or four. my
The mortality rate stipulated in the convention is 0. 1 person/million tons of coal, which is still relatively low. According to this ratio, the same
At present, the output of coal group is 40 million tons/year, and it is normal for several people to die every year.
The two biggest accidents in recent years are gas explosions. The first time was 1993, 10, No.27 and No.9 mines.
The gas explosion killed 28 people. The other time was September 5, 2000, during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the gas explosion in No.2 Mine was extremely serious.
Accidents, more casualties. It is said that the reason is that the people hired by the battalion chief from Sichuan are used underground at a depth of 170 meters.
Cooking with an electric stove caused a gas explosion, and 52 people died (another teacher said that not many people died because.
Because the mine collapsed after the gas explosion, all of them were buried below), only 32 were said.
As far as we know, many accidents are caused by workers' illegal operation.
The reasons for illegal operation are also divided into different situations. In addition to the fact that workers don't understand the operating procedures, they also
There are cases where safety operation procedures are ignored in pursuit of efficiency. For example, if the motor is broken, according to the regulations
Production should be stopped, but because the income of workers is directly linked to the amount of coal mined, workers operate illegally in order to cut more coal.
Try to grab time. For example, when we interviewed in No.2 Mine, we saw miners taking the expressway at the wellhead where workers went down.
The elevator cable car goes down to the well. The worker in charge of safety said that according to the regulations, the door of the cable car should be closed.
Yes, but usually not. Maybe it's useless. In fact, many accidents are caused by paralysis.
Caused by intention.
For regular workers, there will be compensation and pension after the accident. The above table shows the gas in No.9 mine of 1993.
Explosion, the pension is 60,000 per person. However, after the gas explosion accident in No.2 Mine in 2000, due to
Some of the dead workers were temporary workers hired from other places, and some had no pension at all. hell
If people come to gather together, give some compensation; Without relatives and friends, you can't live without people.
If you die, you won't get any compensation. The master said, "The Central Committee doesn't understand at all, so
No one came to cover the big accident, the workers never met the reporter, and the reporter came, so enjoy yourself.
I can't come down. A black cloth has covered it. "
We also interviewed a disabled retired worker in No.9 Mine, who worked underground for eight years and 95 years.
The waist was torn off by the belt. I don't have to go to work now I opened a small shop. My previous monthly salary was.
Five or six hundred, now it is eight hundred; The cost of looking at the arm shall be borne by the mine; The buyer only paid 3 thousand when he bought it.
Dollars, and the other is subsidized by the mine; Small shops don't have to pay taxes.
Based on the above situation, we can generally understand that Tongmei Group is a state-owned enterprise in the coal industry.
Large state-owned enterprises, in terms of safety, are ok, and the accident rate is relatively low; Although to some extent
There is also the problem of neglecting safety for efficiency, but it is much better than local small coal mines; go home
For local regular workers, there will also be pension compensation after the accident. But it seems that this kind of pension compensation
It doesn't really care about workers, but only gives them when necessary. If you can't give it, you won't give it. hell
If something goes wrong, don't give it to temporary workers!
Write one more thing by the way. The very next morning, we interviewed the board of directors of the headquarters of the Coal Group.
I heard from there that a serious gas explosion happened just two days ago in a local coal mine in Xixian County, Shanxi Province.
Bad news. Only after reading the news did I know that at about 7: 40 am on April 30, Liangjiahe, Xixian County, Shanxi Province.
The gas explosion in the coal mine killed 36 miners, mostly from other places in Shaanxi, Sichuan and Chongqing. five
On June 12, China Youth Daily published an article signed by "Shanxi Youth Daily reporter Wu Gangliu".
There is such a passage in the article "Hege" and "Investigation on the Abnormal Death of 36 Miners in Xixian County, Shanxi Province".
Saying: "Liangjiahe Coal Mine is the only coal mine in Xixian County, and it pays more than 2 million yuan in taxes to Xixian County every year.
For an agricultural county with annual fiscal revenue of140,000 yuan, it can be described as a pillar industry. Xixian people
Government officials said this. It is reported that Liangjiahe Coal Mine took only two years from production to explosion. "