The present situation of forest resources in China is as follows: forest area 15894. 1 10,000 hectares, forest coverage16.55%; The forest volume is 1 127 billion cubic meters; The national plantation area (excluding Taiwan Province Province) is 46.667 million hectares, with a stock of 65.438+0.0 1 100 million cubic meters, ranking first in the world.
The proven oil reserves of oil and natural gas resources are about 3.9 billion barrels (1997 proved, ranking eighth in the world). China's oil reserves only account for 2.3% of the world's total, and its exploitable life is only 20.6 years, far below the world average life of 42.8 years. China's oil resources still have great potential, and China's total oil resources are relatively rich. According to the statistics of BP in 2003, among the global 103 oil-producing countries, China's total recoverable oil resources and remaining recoverable reserves rank at 1 1 0 respectively. By the end of 2003, the proven rate of petroleum recoverable resources in China was 43%, which generally belonged to the middle and mature stage of petroleum exploration. Based on the comprehensive analysis of resources and exploration potential, it is predicted that China's oil reserves will still be in a period of rapid and stable growth in the next 15-20 years, and the average annual increase of recoverable oil reserves will be around1400,000-1800,000 tons, basically maintaining the level of reserve growth. At the 2005 (Beijing) Petroleum and Petrochemical Economic Forum held recently, Yan, Director of Development and Research Department of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Company, said that the main areas of oil reserves growth in China in the future will be the west and the sea. From the perspective of exploration and resource potential analysis, oil exploration should mainly focus on foreland basins, large uplift belts, stratigraphic and lithologic oil and gas reservoirs, shallow layers of Bohai Bay basin, marine carbonate rocks and sea areas (including beaches). These will be the main target areas for further exploration in China, and also the main battlefields for discovering large and medium-sized oil fields and increasing oil reserves in the future.
In addition, Nansha sea area is rich in oil resources. According to a preliminary estimate, the recoverable oil is about 6543.8+000 billion tons, of which 70% is within the discontinuous national boundary of China. It is reported that neighboring countries have proven oil reserves of 860 million tons, and China's intermittent border is in the South China Sea, and established a crude oil production capacity of over 50 million tons. Yan pointed out that China should adopt the strategy of "sovereignty belongs to me, disputes are shelved, and * * * joint development", and the three major companies should join hands with the support of diplomatic and military forces to gradually develop and utilize the oil and gas resources in this region. This is of great strategic significance to the sustainable development of China's oil resources. Of course, experts also pointed out that although China's oil resources have great potential, with the gradual deepening of the overall exploration level, the types of oil and gas reservoirs in China are becoming increasingly complex, the quality of resources is obviously worse, and the exploration is becoming more and more difficult. In 2004, China's two largest oil companies discovered 850 million tons of oil reserves, and China's oil reserves increased by 25%. By the end of 2009, China had discovered oil reserves of 4 billion tons. China Oil and Gas Group is the largest oil company in China. The company discovered oil reserves of 520 million tons in 20 10. China Petrochemical Co., Ltd., another large oil company, discovered 328 million tons of oil reserves in 2004. The two companies also proved 422 billion cubic meters of natural gas reserves in 2009. In 2009, China's crude oil consumption was 288 million tons, which will reach 320 million tons, making it the second largest energy consumer in the world after the United States. Due to the soaring demand for crude oil, China Petroleum Company has been exploring oil reserves from Tarim Basin to Bohai Bay in the east, and has been trying to import more oil from Russia. So far, China Oil and Gas Group has signed 48 investment cooperation agreements with 20 countries. The company acquired the rights and interests of16 million tons of oil overseas. The company's biggest overseas action is to build a 65,438+0,000 km Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline, costing 700 million US dollars. After the completion of this pipeline, the annual transportation capacity is10 million tons. China Oil and Gas Group is also building an oil refinery in Venezuela, which can extract 6.5 million tons of oil every year.
Coal resources China's total water resources account for 6% of the world's total water resources, ranking fourth. However, the per capita water consumption is only 2200m3, accounting for 25% of the world's per capita water consumption, ranking 12 1 in the world, making it one of the world's 13 water-poor countries. The temporal and spatial distribution of water resources in China is not in harmony with the distribution of population and cultivated land. From the time point of view, 70%-90% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in June-September, with less winter and great interannual variation. In space, the distribution of water resources is more in the southeast and less in the northwest. The cultivated land in the Yangtze River basin and its south area accounts for only 38% of the country's cultivated land, but the water resources account for more than 80% of the country. However, the Huaihe River Basin and its northern area, which account for 62% of the country's arable land, have less than 20% of the country's water resources. Uneven distribution in time and space and great interannual changes have aggravated the flood and drought disasters. Since the 1990s, the area affected by drought has reached about 400 million mu every year, which is three times that of the 1950s.
In terms of total resources, China ranks third in the world. Although it ranks 53rd per capita, it ranks 10 per capita according to the value of 45 major mineral resources. It can be seen that China is a resource-rich country in terms of total resources and per capita. In addition, it should be clarified that being below the world average is itself a misleading concept. Because many resources are mainly distributed in Russia, Brazil, the United States, Australia and other countries with small population and large territory, the per capita possession of most countries is lower than the world average. Preliminary calculation: the world population is 6.5 billion, China is 65.438+0.3 billion, and other countries are 5.2 billion. Among these 5.2 billion people, nearly 5 billion people have grasslands smaller than China, 4 billion people have mineral resources smaller than China, 6,543.8 billion people have cultivated land smaller than China, and 2.5 billion people have water resources smaller than China ... China has world-renowned minerals such as rare earth, tungsten, tin and molybdenum. Moreover, the resources have high quality, good development and utilization conditions, obvious advantages in the international market and strong competitiveness. There are 9 kinds of minerals with regional advantages, such as coal, niobium, beryllium, mercury, sulfur, fluorite, talc, phosphorus and asbestos, and the proven reserves rank second and third in the world. However, the quality of some minerals is poor and the per capita possession is lower than the world average. Minerals with potential advantages include zinc, bauxite, vanadium, perlite, kaolin, refractory clay and so on.
Insufficient resources and shortage of resources The minerals with relatively insufficient proven reserves in China are oil, natural gas, uranium, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, copper, gold, silver and boron. The minerals in short supply are chromium, platinum, potassium salt, trona and diamonds. Distribution of resources The distribution of mineral resources in China is as follows: Oil and natural gas are mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China. Coal is mainly distributed in North China and Northwest China. Iron is mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China and Southwest China. Copper is mainly distributed in southwest, northwest and east China. Lead-zinc mines are all over the country. Tungsten, tin, molybdenum, antimony and rare earth minerals are mainly distributed in South China and North China. Gold and silver mines are distributed all over the country, and there are also important producing areas in Taiwan Province Province. Phosphate rock is mainly in the south of China. The main mineral resources include: ◆ Coal resources: China ranks first in the world in coal reserves. The proven coal reserves in China are 654.38+000 billion tons, mainly distributed in North China and Northwest China, with Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other provinces and regions having the most abundant reserves. Oil and gas resources: mainly in the northwest, followed by the shallow continental shelf in the northeast, north China and southeast coast. By the end of 1998, 509 oil fields and 163 gas fields had been discovered in China. The cumulative proven geological reserves of oil and natural gas are1985 million tons and 1.95 trillion cubic meters respectively, ranking ninth and 20th in the world. Among them, onshore oil resources and natural gas resources account for 73.8% and 78.4% of the total similar resources in China, respectively, forming six oil and gas regions: Songliao, Bohai Bay, Tarim, Junggar-Turpan and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia. Metal minerals: ferrous metals: iron, manganese, vanadium, titanium, etc. All of them have proven reserves, of which iron ore reserves are nearly 50 billion tons, mainly distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and Sichuan provinces. ◆ Non-ferrous metals: All the non-ferrous metal mines found in the world are located in China. Among them, rare earth reserves account for about 80% of the world's total, antimony reserves account for 40% of the world's total, and tungsten reserves are four times that of other countries in the world.