(1) The influence of economic globalization on the products and labor provided by geological prospecting units. For example, the impact of globalization of resource allocation on domestic mineral resources exploration and development.
(2) The impact of the development trend of contemporary science and technology on the industries engaged by geological prospecting units, including the impact on traditional mineral products and the impact on exploration technology.
(3) The influence of national objective economic policies and the development direction of key technologies in this industry on the production and economic activities of geological prospecting units. For example, the state's restrictions and encouragement policies on minerals and regions have an impact on mineral exploration.
(4) It is necessary to accurately understand the position and changing trend of the leading products or services of geological prospecting units in the domestic and international markets, and then comprehensively analyze and master the advantages and disadvantages of themselves and their competitors. Only in this way can we know ourselves and correctly choose the direction of industrial structure adjustment.
On the basis of fully studying the above situation, when choosing and implementing investment projects, from the experience gained by many units, it can be summarized as: making full use of one's three comparative advantages, adhering to three combinations and grasping three links.
(A) make full use of their three comparative advantages
When selecting investment projects, geological prospecting units must make full use of their own specialties to make themselves strategically superior to their competitors. The so-called comparative advantage means that a company must have resources that others do not have. This resource can be products, market positioning, various production factors, technologies, brands and so on. No matter what it is, it must meet the following four conditions: ① it is valuable in itself and can create value for geological prospecting units; (2) It is rare and difficult to be obtained by competitors; (3) it is not easy to imitate, that is, it is difficult to make it in a short time after competition; (4) it is also difficult to replace, and it cannot be replaced at will.
The comparative advantages of geological prospecting units are highlighted in three aspects: making full use of mineral resources, real estate, exploration and engineering construction technology.
1. Advantages of mineral resources. This is unmatched by other units and enterprises. Because after decades of mineral geological exploration, most geological prospecting units have a lot of geological data. Some of these geological data can directly constitute the resource base of mineral development; Some can be transferred to development or paid transfer after further work. However, this advantage has two characteristics: first, the distribution is uneven, some geological prospecting units have good conditions, and some geological prospecting units have poor conditions; Second, both of them are mineral resources, but their natural abundance and regional conditions are quite different. From this perspective, mining production is unfair competition. Whoever owns minerals with good natural abundance and regional conditions will be competitive. Therefore, all successful mineral exploration and development units have made full use of these two characteristics. But not all geological prospecting units with these two advantages have made full use of them. And this is also the key to the promotion value of this experience.
2. Real estate advantages. This advantage is widely used by qualified geological prospecting units, but its depth and breadth are far from enough. From several examples we investigated, they have three characteristics worth learning: First, they are developed and utilized early. For example, Liuzhou Prospecting Factory began to prepare for the development in front of the door in 1993. At that time, the production of prospecting machinery was booming, with an annual output value as high as 30 million yuan (now only130,000 yuan). When industrial production is booming, it is not easy to diversify and adjust risks. At the same time, there is a big difference between early development and late development, because the market capacity is limited, whoever starts first will take the initiative. Second, the degree of development is relatively deep. Liuzhou Prospecting Plant uses the original site for repeated development, each time getting deeper. At first, it was to use factories along the street or idle, and later it was to vacate all the rooms for development. Recently, it has been developed into high-rise buildings to make full use of space. Moreover, every further development has received good benefits, indicating that there is great potential to be tapped. Third, the conditions are not good and create conditions for development. Guangxi Geological Exploration Bureau is located in a remote place, but there is a market a few hundred meters away from them, so they win over the old market by creating a good environment and providing supporting services (parking lot, accommodation, canteen). As a result, the front door was successfully developed.
3. Advantages of exploration and engineering construction technology. This advantage has been widely used in various exploration units, but there is still a considerable gap. Among the several examples we investigated, two experiences stand out. First, on the basis of the original exploration and engineering construction technology, expand horizontally to meet the market demand. For example, as early as 1994, Guangxi Geology and Mineral Construction Engineering Development Center organized technicians and workers to learn the construction technology of road and bridge projects, sent them out and invited them in, which was quickly recognized by the relevant departments and won the "admission ticket" to enter the construction of large-scale foundation projects. The second is to use the original exploration and engineering construction technology to develop in depth, so as to achieve "I have it, you don't; You have, I am cheaper than you, and the quality is better than you. " Ningxia Institute of Geophysical Exploration has this advantage in soft foundation treatment. There is still a long way to go between geophysical exploration and engineering exploration, but they took advantage of their high cultural quality to study again, and as a result, they created a whole set of new technologies to deal with soft foundation. During the design, the design institute stipulated that the construction technology of Ningxia Geophysical Institute should be adopted.
(B) adhere to the implementation of the three combinations
1. Combining the adjustment of production and operation structure of geological prospecting units with the development of regional economy is the only way to improve investment efficiency. In the successful investment projects we investigated, almost all of them are inseparable from this one. The reason is that the field and investment direction of geological prospecting units to change production belong to the category of regional economy. For example, Guangxi Geological Exploration Bureau combined with the development of Qinzhou Port and strengthened infrastructure construction; Liuzhou geological prospecting units combined with municipal construction planning; Shaanxi Geological Exploration Bureau combines local efforts to develop pillar industries (mining). However, this combination has not attracted much attention in many geological prospecting units. Investigate its reason, still have system obstacle and thought obstacle. Systematically speaking, geological prospecting units may be one of the most closely linked departments in China. The competent department should not only take care of people, money and things, but also the employment of children and the placement of their families. In the long run, it is completely divorced from the local economy. Ideologically speaking, many leaders and workers fail to see that the future survival and development of geological prospecting units must be integrated into the regional economy. For example, the full use of the three advantages mentioned above is not related to all rules, but to all blocks. Therefore, we must further overcome these obstacles and do a good job in combining structural adjustment with regional economy.
2. Combining the stock (assets) with the investment increment (funds) is one of the most successful and effective investment options. In many examples we investigated, we all have experience in this field. For example, the laboratory of Team 2 13 of Shanxi Geological Exploration Bureau has 200,000 yuan of original equipment for metal ore analysis. Later, through the new investment of 654.38 million yuan, it was transformed into a market-oriented laboratory that can analyze coke. In addition, this laboratory has a good reputation, so from 1993 to 1997, it has achieved sustained and rapid development, and the market income has increased from 40,000 yuan to 460,000 yuan. The original 22 employees of the laboratory have all been placed, with an annual per capita income of 9000 yuan, making it the first household in the team.
It should be pointed out that the potential of revitalizing existing assets is still great. At present, most geological prospecting units, on the one hand, have a large number of unused assets and resources, such as machinery and equipment, fields and houses, mining fields, real estate, lots and bases; On the other hand, there is a serious shortage of funds for new investment. In this case, it is naturally the best solution to revitalize idle assets or resources with relatively little capital investment.
3. The combination of key investment and diversified investment can more effectively achieve the goal of structural adjustment of geological prospecting units. Many previous examples illustrate this experience. And many geological prospecting units really need to do a good job of these two combinations. Because geological prospecting units are transformed from undertakings to enterprises, one of the important conditions is that they must form leading products or services needed by one or several markets. Therefore, in structural adjustment, geological prospecting units must focus on the right direction and form their own leading products or services as soon as possible to support the survival and development of the whole unit. However, leading products or services alone can't accommodate all the existing labor force, because there are still many lesbians and comrades who can't engage in field work over the years, and they can't meet the requirements of leading products or services, so they have to be accommodated through diversified investment. Such as guest houses, infirmary, maintenance workshops, motorcades, staff canteens, etc. It is used to open to the society and resettle people. Therefore, it is also necessary to decentralize resettlement, and this is a structural adjustment with less investment, good resettlement benefits and quick results.
(C) earnestly grasp the three links
In a large number of successful investment projects, from the implementation process, we also pay attention to three links, that is, the decision of project establishment must be correct; Financing channels must be flexible; The whole process management must be strict.
1. The project decision must be correct. All the projects with good investment results have been selected correctly; Most projects that fail in investment are incorrect. Therefore, the establishment of the project is the premise of the investment effect. If you want to choose a project correctly, you should generally do three things well: ① Do a good job of investigation and study on the selected project, find out the situation according to the requirements of project demonstration, and on this basis, select the best one through various schemes and use it. (2) After the project is initially determined, it must be objectively evaluated by intermediaries or professionals. Items that have not been evaluated cannot be submitted for discussion. (3) According to the evaluation opinions, investors make decisions. Democracy must be fully promoted in decision-making discussions, and the top leaders cannot have the final say. At the same time, policy makers should take responsibility.
Since 1993, Shaanxi Geological Exploration Bureau has continuously invested in seven mining development projects, all of which have been successful. The reason is that there is a set of scientific methods and procedures in project decision-making: ① the construction unit that initiated the project must conduct full market investigation and demonstration, submit a feasibility report and a restructuring financing plan after screening; (2) the competent unit of the project construction shall conduct a preliminary examination of the feasibility report of the project, and after approval, submit it to the competent department of the bureau for examination; (3) The competent business department will submit the opinions to the "Leading Group for Business Project Review" for study; (4) After the project is approved by the leading group, it shall be signed by the person in charge of the leading group and the legal representative of the project applicant and submitted to the executive meeting for decision.
2. Financing channels must be flexible. After the investment project is determined, how to raise funds becomes the most important material condition for the success of the project. Successful projects at this point provide a lot of good experience, because they are emancipated and flexible, and have done things that ordinary people can't do. For example, the cost of the first phase project of Lu Qin Highway contracted by Guangxi Geological Exploration Bureau is 65.438+0.3 billion yuan, while Party A only has 3 million yuan for the start-up expenses, and the rest is land for labor. In this case, Guangxi Geological Exploration Bureau only secured the bank loan through the mortgage of land use right and contracted the project. Although the bank loan has interest, the land appreciation is higher than the interest, so the Guangxi Geological Exploration Bureau has extended the chain deeper and deeper, and now it has accumulated hundreds of millions of yuan for new project development. For another example, the investment in mineral resources development and engineering exploration equipment of Shaanxi Geological Exploration Bureau solved part of the problem of insufficient funds by absorbing employees' shares, and because the economic interests of employees were integrated with state-owned assets, it played the role of conversion mechanism. Zhejiang Eleventh Geological Team is not only good at using bank loans, but also good at using other people's assets to serve itself. For example, 2.5 million yuan invested in Wenzhou Taiheng Optical Co., Ltd., with very good benefits, accounting for 25% of the shares, and sharing 30% of the profits of the investment that year. Liuzhou Prospecting Factory, taking advantage of the differential income of the occupied lots, collects the fee of "the right to use the facade" (you can rent the completed shop facade only after buying the right to use it), which is called "attracting phoenix to build a nest" to raise funds for construction projects.
3. The whole process management must be strict. This is also the most important experience of successful investment projects. In the management of the whole investment process, we must first strictly manage the implementation of the project. If management can't keep up at this stage, even the best project will be screwed up. Some very good projects were dragged down in the process of implementation. For example, the oxalic acid plant of Team 2 17 of Shanxi Geological Exploration Bureau missed the opportunity due to the delay in construction period and turned the profitable factory into a loss-making factory. On the contrary, due to the excellent management during the project implementation, the comprehensive building of Geophysical Exploration Institute of Ningxia Geological Exploration Bureau not only saved the cost of 900,000 yuan, but also put into operation half a year ahead of schedule, generating an income of 400,000 yuan. The project broke ground in August 1997, and the frame structure was completed in August 165438+ 10/6, followed by the winter break of the building. 1998 started the external construction on March 6th, passed the stage acceptance on June 22nd, completed the internal decoration on July 22nd, put into trial operation on July 23rd, and officially opened the whole building on August16th. Not only the construction speed is fast, but also the quality is guaranteed. Secondly, after the completion of the project, production, operation and management must be done well. If this link is not good, there will be no good investment effect. Only by managing the whole process from beginning to end can we improve the investment effect in an all-round way. The development of manganese mine in Team 2 17 of Shanxi Geological Exploration Bureau started at 1993, but before 1996, it was in a loss state due to poor management. Since 1997, due to effective management improvement, the company has turned losses into profits, with an output value of 3.2 million yuan and a profit of 670,000 yuan. Liuzhou Nantian Mansion has the best economic benefit among the medium and high-grade hotels operated by geological prospecting units. Generally speaking, this kind of investment takes up a lot of money and has a low rate of return. Mainly rely on the natural appreciation of the real estate itself to seek stable income. However, after Nantian Building was put into operation, it managed well and paid off the bank loan of 8 million yuan in three years. Now, it can pay a profit of 2.5 million yuan to Guangxi Geological Exploration Bureau every year, and the annual return on investment is as high as 15%. Their main experiences are as follows: first, adhere to financial management as the center, unified accounting, comprehensive coverage, and implement fixed profits and taxes, taxation and incentives; Second, customer satisfaction is the center of service, with 80% repeat customers and 90% room utilization rate; Third, pay attention to training and put people first. Employees are skilled in business, smooth in attitude, and good in hotel hygiene and public security.