"Demonstration of groundwater exploration and water supply safety in areas with serious endemic diseases in Northeast China" is one of the work items of "Demonstration of groundwater exploration and water supply safety in areas with serious endemic diseases" deployed by China Geological Survey. The working time of the project is from 2006 to 20 1 1. The undertaking unit is Shenyang Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, and the participating units are Heilongjiang Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Jilin Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, Liaoning Geological Environment Monitoring Station and Jilin University.
The work of this project is to systematically summarize the existing water improvement experience and hydrogeological conditions in areas with serious drinking water endemic diseases in Northeast China, select key areas to carry out groundwater exploration, find out the distribution and burial conditions of groundwater suitable for human and livestock drinking, implement water supply safety demonstration projects in typical areas, and put forward the zoning of groundwater development and utilization; To study the occurrence and distribution of arsenic and fluorine in groundwater in areas with serious endemic diseases in Northeast China, and to provide geological data and demonstration experience for solving drinking water difficulties in similar areas with serious endemic diseases.
The project work adheres to the principle of "people-oriented" and aims at the water supply safety of people in drinking-water endemic areas; Make full use of the existing research results of water conservancy environment investigation, apply the latest theories, technologies and methods of hydrogeology and environmental geochemistry, give full play to the professional knowledge of hydrogeology, and solve the problem of preventing diseases and improving water supply; According to the condition, hydrogeological conditions and water resources characteristics of the ward, the key points are selected and the overall planning is carried out. A special hydrogeological survey was carried out in northeast China 15 counties (cities, districts) by stages, and the zoning of groundwater development and utilization was compiled, which provided a basis for the implementation of the water improvement demonstration project. Select typical areas, combine with the needs of local social and economic development, carry out groundwater exploration, water supply safety and water improvement demonstration in the ward to solve the problem of drinking water safety for some people; Carry out comprehensive research and special research, deepen the understanding of geological laws, sum up the experience of groundwater exploration and development in local wards, and guide and promote the solution of water supply safety problems in drinking-water local wards.
1. The structural characteristics of main pathogenic aquifers in Songnen Plain are basically identified.
Based on the special investigation of hydrogeology, demonstration project of water supply safety, special research and comprehensive research, and on the basis of making full use of previous work results, the aquifer structure of Songnen Plain is basically identified. It is considered that the pathogenic aquifer in Songnen Plain is mainly Quaternary pore water aquifer in structure, and groundwater with high fluorine, high arsenic and high salinity mainly exists in Quaternary loose rock aquifer. According to the characteristics of groundwater burial, water-bearing rock series and hydraulic characteristics, it can be divided into pore phreatic aquifer of Quaternary of Upper Pleistocene and confined aquifer of Baitushan Formation of Middle and Lower Pleistocene.
The regional hydrogeological conditions show that Quaternary pore confined water, Neogene, Paleogene and Cretaceous pore fissures and fissure pore confined water with good water content and excellent water quality are widely distributed under the Quaternary pore phreatic aquifer in Songnen Plain, which is the target layer for improving water supply in sick areas.
2. The present situation and distribution law of endemic diseases in Northeast China were basically found out.
Northeast China is one of the worst epidemic areas in China. Almost every administrative district and county has different degrees of endemic disease distribution, which has the characteristics of wide distribution of endemic areas, many patients, serious illness and great harm. There are mainly fluorosis, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, endemic goiter, cretinism and arsenic poisoning, among which fluorosis is the most important endemic disease in Northeast China. The endemic areas of fluorosis are Panshan, Heishan, Liaozhong, Kangping, Jianping, Faku, Xinmin, Zhangwu, Linghai and Liaoyang in Liaoning Province, Tongyu, Baicheng, Taonan and Gan 'an in Jilin Province, Zhaoyuan, Zhaodong, Zhaozhou, Anda, Lin Dian and Datong in Heilongjiang Province, and Tongliao in the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The population of the ward is about 7.5 million and the patients are about 2.6 million. The main manifestations are skeletal fluorosis and dental fluorosis. Geomorphologically, these areas are mainly low-lying areas of low plains, high plains and piedmont fan plains. The water used by residents is mainly Quaternary shallow water, and the fluorine content of groundwater in high fluorine areas is generally1~ 3 mg/L. Drinking high fluorine water is the main cause of fluorosis. The occurrence of endemic diseases in Songnen Plain is related to natural and geological conditions. Primary environment is the basic condition of endemic fluorosis, which mainly includes climate, hydrological characteristics, topography, soil, geological conditions, geochemical environment and hydrogeological environment. Human factors, including human pollution, utilization of water and soil resources, living habits and social and economic development level, further affect the occurrence and development of endemic fluorosis.
3. The distribution and enrichment of fluorine and arsenic in groundwater were studied.
High fluorine groundwater in Songnen Plain is mainly distributed in Tongyu County and Gan 'an County in the west of Jilin Province, Daqing City and Anda City in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province in taonan city, and Zhaodong, Zhaoyuan and Zhaozhou areas. In these areas, the groundwater samples of phreatic aquifer, Quaternary confined aquifer and Tertiary confined aquifer all have fluorine content exceeding the standard, and the groundwater aquifer has the highest exceeding standard rate.
The high arsenic groundwater in Songnen Plain is mainly distributed in Tongyu County and taonan city. In these areas, the arsenic content in phreatic aquifer, Quaternary confined aquifer and Tertiary confined aquifer all exceeded the standard. Among them, the Quaternary confined aquifer has the largest number of water samples exceeding the standard.
The research shows that fluorine in groundwater in Northeast China mainly comes from water-bearing surrounding rocks, and the concentration gradient is always high in the "rock, soil-groundwater" system, so there is a potential possibility of fluorine migration from rock and soil to groundwater.
The arsenic content in all kinds of rocks distributed in Daxing 'anling in the study area is high, which objectively provides the source of arsenic. The minerals in rocks are the main source of groundwater components, and the water-rock interaction is the direct cause of the formation of hydrochemical components of high arsenic groundwater. On the other hand, the soils in these areas have experienced different climatic environments and different hydrological conditions since Cenozoic, which is beneficial to arsenic enrichment. Arsenic in soil is the direct source of arsenic in groundwater in this area.
Through analysis, it is considered that the concentrations of fluorine and arsenic in groundwater are closely related to TDS content and hydrochemical types. The TDS content in groundwater with high F and high As is more than 500mg/L, and the hydrochemical types are mostly HCO3, HCO3 Cl or Cl HCO3. The equivalent ratio of Na/(Cl+SO4) mg in water is generally greater than 1. Combined with the formation conditions and characteristics of soda water, it can be said that F and As are easy to be enriched in soda water.
4. The development and utilization of groundwater in local constituencies are divided into districts.
On the basis of calculation and evaluation of groundwater resources, according to the distribution law, water abundance, burial conditions, water quality, water quantity and mining mode of groundwater, the present situation of endemic diseases and the occurrence and distribution law of arsenic, fluorine and salinity in groundwater are fully considered, and according to the target layer, water quality, water prevention methods, safety and protection measures of groundwater environment, mining conditions, well completion technology and salinity of groundwater,
Second, the scope of application and application examples
Through special hydrogeological investigation, special research and the implementation of water supply safety demonstration project, the physical geography, topography, regional geological hydrogeological conditions, endemic disease distribution and their relationship with geological environment in Northeast China 15 special investigation area and water supply demonstration area were basically found out, groundwater resources evaluation and development and utilization zoning were carried out, and 33 demonstration wells were successfully implemented, with a total water output of more than 22000m3. The problem of safe drinking water for about 48,000 people in 8 counties (cities, districts) was successfully solved, and the demonstration experience of preventing diseases and improving water for nearly 6.5438+0.5 million people in wards was well received by local residents, which promoted the local government and residents to prevent diseases and improve water and played a good demonstration role.
Third, promote the transformation mode.
Conference exchange, project cooperation, consulting services, publicity and reporting, etc.
Technical support unit: Shenyang Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey.
Contacts: Zhao Ailin and Wang.
Mailing address:No. 1 Huanghe North Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang.
Postal code: 1 10034
Tel: 024-62606 139
E-mail :syxiaoguang@yahoo.com.cn